?Ujjain Madhya Pradesh • India
Ujjain
Coordinates: 23°10′58″N 75°46′38″E / 23.182778, 75.777222
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	• 491 m (1,611 ft)
District(s)	Ujjain
Population	429,933 (2001)

Coordinates: 23°10′58″N 75°46′38″E / 23.182778, 75.777222 Ujjain (Hindi:उज्जैन) pronunciation (help·info) (also known as Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti, Avantikapuri), is an ancient city of Malwa in in central India on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River (today part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) ( Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश pronounced, Translation: Middle Province) often India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Ujjain District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is "Ancient" redirects here For other uses see Ancient_(disambiguation. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Shipra, also known as the Kshipra, is a river in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) ( Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश pronounced, Translation: Middle Province) often It is the administrative centre of Ujjain District and Ujjain Division. Public administration can be broadly described as the development implementation and study of branches of government Policy. Ujjain District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. Ujjain Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India.

In ancient times the city was called Ujjayini. As per epic Mahabharata Ujjayani was the capital of Avanti Kingdom. The former Avanti kingdom was one among the many kingdoms ruled by the Yadava kings in the central and western India. It has been the first meridian of longitude for Hindu geographers since the 4th century BCE. The Prime Meridian is the meridian (line of Longitude) at which longitude is defined to be 0° A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A geographer is a Scientist whose area of study is Geography, the study of Earth 's physical environment and Human habitat It is one of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, and the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there every twelve years. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Kumbh Mela ( Devanagari: कुम्भ मेला is a mass Hindu Pilgrimage. A festival is an event usually and ordinarily staged by a local community which centers on some unique aspect of that community It is also home to Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, one of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines to the god Shiva. Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga is one of the most famous Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva and is one of the twelve Jyotirlingams which are supposed to be A Jyotirlinga or Jyotirling or Jyotirlingam is a shrine where Lord Shiva, an aspect of God in Hinduism is worshipped in the form A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva

Contents 1 History of Ujjain 2 Ancient monuments in Ujjain 3 Image gallery 4 Various Names of Ujjain 5 Geography 6 Demographics 7 Climate 8 Administrative 9 Economy 9.1 Commercial Zones 10 Transport 10.1 Railway Stations 10.2 Bus Stations 10.3 Major Roads 11 Education 11.1 Schools in Ujjain 11.2 Engineering Colleges in Ujjain 11.3 Medical Colleges in Ujjain 12 References 13 External links

History of Ujjain

The earliest references to the city, as Ujjaini, are from the time of the Buddha, when it was the capital of the Avanti Kingdom. Kartikay also know as Subhramanya Kartik or Kartikkeya is a central deity of the Hindu tradtion of India. Lakshmi or Mahalakshmi (pronunciation; Sanskrit: लक्ष्मी lakṣmī) is the Hindu Goddess of Wealth Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder The former Avanti kingdom was one among the many kingdoms ruled by the Yadava kings in the central and western India. Since the 4th century B. C. the city has marked the first meridian of longitude in Hindu geography. It is also reputed to have been the residence of Ashoka (who subsequently became the emperor), when he was the viceroy of the western provinces of the Maurya empire. Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military

In the Post-Mauryan period, the city was ruled by the Sungas and the Satavahanas consecutively. For other uses of the term Sunga see Sunga (disambiguation The Sunga Empire (or Shunga Empire) is a Magadha The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( It was contested for a period between the Satavahanas and the Indo-Scythian Sakas, known as Western Satraps; however, following the end of the Satavahana dynasty, the city was retained by the Sakas from the 2nd to the 4th century CE. The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Indo-Iranian Sakas ( Scythians) who migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria, The Sakas ( English form of Old Iranian Sakā, Nominative plural masculine case; Ancient Greek Σάκαι, The Western Satraps, or Western Kshatrapas ( 35 - 405) were Saka rulers of the western and central part of India ( Saurashtra Following the conquest of the Sakas by the Guptas, the city soon became an important seat in the annals of that empire. Ujjain is considered to be the traditional capital of King Chandragupta II, also known as Vikramaditya, at whose court the nine poets known as the navaratna (nine jewels) of Sanskrit literature are said to have flourished. Chandragupta II (very often referred to as Vikramaditya or Chandragupta Vikramaditya) was one of the most powerful emperors of the Gupta empire Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical

In the 6th and 7th centuries, Ujjain was a major centre of mathematical and astronomical research. The famous mathematicians who worked there included: Brahmagupta, whose book Brahmasphutasiddhanta was responsible for spreading the use of zero, negative numbers and the positional number system to Arabia and Cambodia; Varahamihira, who was the first to discover many trigonometric identities; and Bhaskaracharya, or Bhaskara II, whose book Lilavati broke new ground in many areas of mathematics. Brahmagupta ( (598–668 was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. The main work of Brahmagupta, Brahmasphuta-siddhanta (The Opening of the Universe, written in the year 628, contains some remarkably advanced ideas including The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Daivajna Varāhamihira ( Devanagari: वराहमिहिर 505 &ndash 587 also called Varaha or Mihira was an Indian Astronomer, Mathematician In Mathematics, trigonometric identities are equalities that involve Trigonometric functions that are true for every single value of the occurring variables Bhaskara (1114 &ndash 1185 also known as Bhaskara II and Bhaskara Achārya ("Bhaskara the teacher" was an Indian mathematician Bhaskara (1114 &ndash 1185 also known as Bhaskara II and Bhaskara Achārya ("Bhaskara the teacher" was an Indian mathematician Lilavati (also Leelavati) was Indian mathematician Bhāskara II 's treatise on Mathematics in the twelfth century

Ujjain was invaded by the forces of the Delhi Sultanate led by Iltutmish in 1235, suffering widespread destruction and systematic desecration of temples. The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, or Altamash, ( شمس الدین التتمش) was the third Muslim Turkic sultan of the Sultanate of Delhi Under the Mughal emperor Akbar it became the capital of Malwa. Akbar redirects here For other uses see Akbar (disambiguation Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar

During the last half of the 18th century Ujjain was the headquarters of the Maratha leader Sindhia. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day For the School in Gwalior India see Scindia School. For the Italian city see Sindia Italy. The Sindhias later established themselves at Gwalior, and Ujjain remained part of Gwalior state until Indian Independence in 1947. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gwalior state became a princely state of the British Raj after the Maratha defeat in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, and Gwalior, Ujjain, and the neighboring princely states were made a part of the Central India Agency. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The Third Anglo-Maratha War ( 1817 - 1818) was a final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in The Central India Agency was a political unit of British India, which covered the northern half of present-day Madhya Pradesh state After Indian independence, the Sindhia ruler of Gwalior acceded to India, and Ujjain became part of the Madhya Bharat state. Madhya Bharat ( Hindi: मध्य भारत also known as Malwa Union was a former state in west-central India. In 1956 Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh state. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Ancient monuments in Ujjain

Main article: Ancient monuments in Ujjain

• Alakhdham nagar - Ujjain is a holy city for Hindus and has many places to visit for the religiously inclined. Ujjain is an Ancient City of central India, in the Malwa region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, on the eastern bank Alakhdham Nagar is situated near Subhash Nagar in Ujjain, India.
• The Mahakal Temple, one of the twelve Jyotirlingas, is the most famous and venerated Shiva temple. Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga is one of the most famous Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva and is one of the twelve Jyotirlingams which are supposed to be A Jyotirlinga or Jyotirling or Jyotirlingam is a shrine where Lord Shiva, an aspect of God in Hinduism is worshipped in the form Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva The Shivling in this temple is supposed to be the only Jyotirling which faces south and hence it is known as Dakshinmukhi or the south-facing ling.

• Other temples are Harsidhhi (Durga Temple), Chintaman Ganesh, Gadh Kalika, Kaal Bhairav, Sandipani Ashram, Triveni (Nav Graha Shani Mandir), ISKCON (The International Society for Krishna Consciousness) temple, Mangalnaath and Siddhhanath. The International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON) also known as 'the Hare Krishna ' movement is one of several Vaishnava groups

• Harsidhhi Temple is one of the famous Shaktipeethas all over India.
• Sandipani Ashram is the place where Shri Krishna got education with Balarama and Sudama from Maharshi Sandipani. Krishna (कृष्ण in Devanagari kṛṣṇa in IAST, ˈkr̩ʂɳə in classical Sanskrit is a deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism Balarama (बलराम Balarāma) also named Baladeva, Baldau, Balabhadra and Halayudha, is the elder brother of the divine Sudama (सुदामा was a childhood friend of Krishna from Mathura the story of whose visit to Dwaraka to meet Krishna is mentioned in the Bhagavata

• Kaliyadeh Palace - Ujjain, being an ancient city, is home to many monuments that have survived from the ancient period. The most stunning example is the Kaliyadeh Palace on the outskirts of the city, which is a fine piece of ancient Indian architecture, though in poor upkeep. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation
• The Bhrathari caves is an ancient cave which has some interesting legends associated with it.

• The Observatory (Veda Shala) built by a Rajput king, Raja Jai Singh II, is one of the five such observatories in India and features ancient astronomical devices. The Yantra Mandir (commonly known as the Jantar Mantar) is an equinoctial dial consisting a gigantic triangular Gnomon with the Hypotenuse parallel The situation on his accession When Jai Singh sat on the ancestral throne at Amber he had barely enough resources to pay for the support of 1000 cavalry—this abysmal situation

• The new ISKCON temple is a must for every tourist. Prashanti Dham (Sai Baba's Ashram) is a holy place to visit.

• It is quite a soothing experience to sit on the banks of river Kshipra, relieving all your mental worries. Some places are Ramghat, Narsinghghat, Gangaghat, Gaughat, Retighat, Triveni, Sidhhanath.

• Also there are many Jain temples like - JaiSingh Pura Atishay Kshetra, Tapobhoomi, Avanti Parshwanath, Hanumant baag etc.

• Kothi Palace presents a sight worth watching in the evening.

• MUSEUM naming Barathiya vidya bhavan locating near chamunda tower,where we can see many ancient things(timing B. C)

• It is said that the throne of raja vikramaditya known as seat of judgement(salabanjika throne)is located in the middle of rudra talab in ujjain

Image gallery

Mahakal Temple Ujjain

Kalabhairava Temple Ujjain

Mahakal Jyotirlinga Ujjain

Bhadrakali Temple Ujjain

Various Names of Ujjain

Since Ujjain is one of the oldest cities in India, it has been known by very many names, among which were:^[1]

• Avantika
• Padmavati
• Kushasthali
• Bhagavati
• Haranyavati
• Kandakatringa
• Kumudvati
• Pratikalpa
• Vishala

Geography

Ujjain is situated on the Malwa Plateau in Central India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Bhagavathi or Bhagavati (meaning goddess in Sanskrit) is the general way people refer to the Hindu goddesses in Malayalam language of Kerala The Central India Agency was a political unit of British India, which covered the northern half of present-day Madhya Pradesh state The soil is black and stony. Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel The vegetation is typical of arid regions with thorny trees like babul and acacia dominating the landscape. In general terms the Climate of a local or region is said to be arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available Water, to the extent of hindering Acacia is a Genus of Shrubs and Trees belonging to the Subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, first Soybean, wheat, jowar and bajra are the main crops grown. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as Fodder plants either cultivated or as part Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely grown type of Millet.

Ujjain is located at 23°10′58″N 75°46′38″E / 23.182778, 75.777222. ^[2] It has an average elevation of 491 metres (1610 feet). The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,^[3] Ujjain had a population of 429,933. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Ujjain has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59. 5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 66%. In Ujjain, 13% of the population is under 7 years of age.

Climate

Ujjain experiences typical climate conditions of the interior Indian subcontinent. The summer months (April–June) are harsh with temperatures reaching up to 45°C. Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days In addition, hot winds (called loo) may blow in the afternoons, worsening the heat. The winter months (Nov. –Feb. ) are pleasant and cool with daytime temperatures typically 20°C, though it may drop to 3°C in the night. The monsoon typically arrives in late June and the months of June till September receive moderate to heavy rainfall. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months There are periods of rainfall followed by long periods of bright sunshine and high humidity. The month of October generally is very warm and with high humidity.

Administrative

Ujjain city has two legislative assembly zones, known as Ujjain North and Ujjain South. For Parliamentary purposes it is treated as one seat

Economy

The economy of Ujjain is mainly dependent on the agricultural activities of the nearby villages. An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. Two main crops are grown each year: soybean as the major Rabi crop, wheat as the major Kharif crop. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Ujjain agriculture is sensitive to changes in rainfall and failure of monsoon cycles can lay a devastating toll on agriculture and the local economy. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months

Ujjain was previously a centre of the textile industry with a number of textile mills in and around the city. These mills have since closed, unemploying hundreds. Religious tourism is also a contributor to the economy, especially during the Simhasta Mela.

Commercial Zones

One good thing about the old city is that the market is quite organized. For utensils you have the Patni Bazaar, for jewellery; Sarafa, for grocery; Daulat Ganj, for clothes; VD Cloth Market, Kanthal.

There are various shopping areas like Freeganj, Gopal Mandir, and Satigate.

Freeganj is a rapidly growing area, complete with relatively better modern amenities.

Transport

Ujjain is well-connected by rail and road. It is on the Western Railway and is connected by direct train to most major Indian cities (Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Pune, etc). Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Ahmedabad (અમદાવાદ Amdāvād, Hindi: अहमदाबाद) is the largest city in Pune (ˈpuːneɪ Marathi: पुणे Hindi: पूना formerly Poona, is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra

The nearest airport is Indore, which has daily flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata,Ahemdabad,Bangalore & Bhopal. Indore ( Hindi: इंदौर/इन्दोर, Marathi - इंदूर, the largest city and the commercial capital of the central Indian state of

The road network is developed with other parts of Madhya Pradesh. Private buses ply on these roads, though it is best to take your own vehicle for short distances.

An extensive network of old but inexpensive three-wheelers called tempoes serves the majority of the population. Three-wheeler auto-rickshaws are also quite popular. Recent years have seen an explosion of privately owned vehicles, especially two-wheelers unsuited for the traffic, that congest the narrow thoroughfares.

Railway Stations

There are three well-known railway stations:

1. Ujjain City Junction
2. Vikram Nagar
3. Chintaman (metre gauge)

Bus Stations

1. Dewas Gate
2. NanaKheda

Major Roads

Indore Road, Dewas Road, Agar Road, Badnagar Road, Maksi Road,Ankpat marg,case road (in gecu ), Mahakal Vainjya Kendra, Panditji Choraha, ISKCON temple

Education

Ujjain city is well known for its university Vikram University which is the main institution of higher education in the city. Institution Vikram University (VU Hindi: विकरम विशवविधालय is a public university in the holy city of Ujjain, Besides the university, Ujjain also has different colleges and institutes where students can pursue various courses.

Schools in Ujjain

1. Takshshila Junior College (TJC)
2. Kendriya Vidyalaya Ujjain
3. St Mary's Convent School
4. St Paul's Higher Secondary School
5. Lokmanya Tilak Higher Secondary School[1]
6. Christu Jyoti Senior Secondary School
7. Kalidas School
8. Stanford International Girls School
9. Gyan Sagar Academy
10. The Cambridge H. S. School
11. Bhartiya Gyan Peeth Higher Secondary School and College
12. Ujjain Public School(UPS)
13. Saraswati Vidhya Mandir (SVM)/"Hindi Medium"
14. Model Higher Secondary School
15. Oxford Junior college(OJC)
16. Study Home School (SHS)
17. Rohet Children's Academy
18. Astropandit Jyotish,Yagya Anusandhar Kendra (research centre of International Standard)

Engineering Colleges in Ujjain

1. Government Engineering College, Ujjain (GECU)
2. Mahakal Institute of Technology (MIT)
3. Mahakal Institute of Technology & Science (MITS)
4. Mahakal Institute of Technology and Management (MITM)
5. Alpine Institute of Technology (AIT)

Medical Colleges in Ujjain

1. Govt. Autonomous Dhanvantri Ayurved College
2. R. D. Gardi Medical College

References

External links

• Ujjain at the Open Directory Project
• Ujjain travel guide from Wikitravel
• Ujjain City Portal

The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

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