Jamhuri ya Uganda (Swahili) Republic of Uganda
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "For God and My Country"
Anthem: "Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty"
Capital (and largest city)		Kampala 0°19′N, 32°35′E
Official languages		English, Swahili
Demonym		Ugandan
Government		Democratic republic
-	President	Yoweri Museveni
-	Prime Minister	Apolo Nsibambi
Independence		from the United Kingdom
-	Republic	October 9, 1962
Area
-	Total	236,040 km² (81st) 91,136 sq mi
-	Water (%)	15. The flag of Uganda was adopted on 9 October 1962, the date that Uganda became independent from the United Kingdom. The Coat of Arms of Uganda is centered on a shield and spears on a green mound A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's " Oh Uganda Land of Beauty " is the Ugandan National anthem. Africans of three main ethnic groups Bantu, Nilotic, and Central-Sudanic (traditionally called Nilo-Hamitic constitute most of the population Kampala is the Capital city of Uganda. With a population of 1208544 (2002 it is the largest city in Uganda An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Swahili (called Kiswahili in the language itself is the First language of the Swahili people (Waswahili who inhabit several large stretches A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its The President of Uganda is the Head of state in Uganda. The role began as a largely ceremonial position with the Prime Minister holding the true power Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ( (born c 1944 Ntungamo, Uganda) has been the President of Uganda since 29 January 1986 The Prime Minister is the Ugandan head of government History The position of Prime Minister was first used in Uganda after independence was declared Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" 39
Population
-	2007 [1] estimate	30,900,000 (38th)
-	2002 census	24,442,084
-	Density	119/km² (82nd1) 308/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2006 estimate
-	Total	$52. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 93 billion[2] (83rd)
-	Per capita	$1,900[2] (186th)
Gini (1998)		43 (medium)
HDI (2007)		0. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 505 (medium) (154th)
Currency		Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Time zone		EAT (UTC+3)
-	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+3)
Internet TLD		.ug
Calling code		+2562
. This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The shilling ( sign: USh; code: UGX) is the Currency of Uganda. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. Daylight saving time ( DST A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E 1Rank based on 2005 figures. 2 006 from Kenya and Tanzania. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya

The Republic of Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa, bordered on the east by Kenya, the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. A landlocked country is commonly defined as one enclosed or nearly enclosed by land East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to The Republic of Rwanda (ruːˈændə or /rəˈwɑːndə/ in English ɾwanda or in Kinyarwanda is a small Landlocked country in the Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, within which it shares borders with Kenya and Tanzania. Lake Victoria or Victoria Nyanza (also known as Ukerewe and Nalubaale) is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompassed a portion of the south of the country including the capital Kampala. Buganda is the kingdom of the Baganda people the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda. Kampala is the Capital city of Uganda. With a population of 1208544 (2002 it is the largest city in Uganda

Contents 1 History 2 Government 3 Geography 4 Districts and counties 5 Economy 6 Demographics 7 HIV/AIDS 8 Culture and sport 9 Human rights 10 See also 11 References 12 External links

History

Main article: History of Uganda

The earliest known human inhabitants in contemporary Uganda were hunter gatherers. Uganda before 1900 See also Uganda before 1900 The earliest human inhabitants in a contemporary Uganda were hunter-gathers A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting Between about 2000 and 1500 years ago Bantu speaking populations, who were probably from central and western Africa, migrated to the southern parts of the country. Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people Central Africa is a core Region of the African Continent often considered to include Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. ^[5][6] These groups brought and developed ironworking skills and new ideas of social and political organization. The Empire of Kitara in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries represents the earliest forms of formal organization, followed by the kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara, and in later centuries, Buganda and Ankole . The Empire of Kitara (also known as Bachwezi, Bacwezi, or Chwezi empire is a strong part of Oral tradition in the area of the Great Lakes Bunyoro is a region of Uganda, and from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century one of the most powerful kingdoms of East Africa. Buganda is the kingdom of the Baganda people the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda. For the breed of cattle see Ankole-Watusi (cattle. Ankole, also referred to as Nkore, is one of four traditional kingdoms in ^[7]

Nilotic people including Luo and Ateker entered the area from the north, probably beginning about A.D. 120. Nilotic people or Nilotes, in its contemporary usage refers to some Ethnic groups mainly in Southern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and northern The Luo (also spelled Lwo) are a family of ethnolinguistically affiliated groups who live in an area that stretches from Southern Sudan, through northern Uganda Ateker or Atekerin is a common name for the closely related Jie, Karimojong, Turkana, and Teso peoples and their languages They were cattle herders and subsistence farmers who settled mainly the northern and eastern parts of the country. Some Luo invaded the area of Bunyoro and assimilated with the Bantu there, establishing the Babiito dynasty of the current Omukama (ruler) of Bunyoro-Kitara. Omukama of Bunyoro is the name given to rulers of the central African kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara. ^[8] Luo migration proceeded until the 16th century, with some Luo settling amid Bantu people in Eastern Uganda, with others proceeding to the western shores of Lake Victoria in Kenya and Tanzania. Lake Victoria or Victoria Nyanza (also known as Ukerewe and Nalubaale) is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya The Ateker (Karimojong and Teso) settled in the north-eastern and eastern parts of the country, and some fused with the Luo in the area north of Lake Kyoga. The Karamojong or Karimojong, are an ethnic group of agro-pastoral herders The Iteso plural (also referred to as Teso is the place where Iteso traditionally live in, Etesot singular male and Atesot singular female) are an ethnic Lake Kyoga is a large shallow Lake complex of Uganda, about 1720 km² in area and at an elevation of 914 m

Arab traders moved inland from the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in the 1830s. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. They were followed in the 1860s by British explorers searching for the source of the Nile. The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River Protestant missionaries entered the country in 1877, followed by Catholic missionaries in 1879. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. ^[9] The United Kingdom placed the area under the charter of the British East Africa Company in 1888, and ruled it as a protectorate from 1894. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC was the administrator of British East Africa, which was the forerunner of the East Africa Protectorate, later In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect As several other territories and chiefdoms were integrated, the final protectorate called Uganda took shape in 1914.

Uganda became an independent nation in 1962, with Milton Obote as Executive Prime Minister. Idi Amin Dada (mid 1920s &ndash 16 August 2003 commonly known as Idi Amin, was a Ugandan military dictator and the President of Uganda Apollo Milton Opeto Obote (December 28 1925 October 10 2005 Prime Minister of Uganda from 1962 to 1966 and President of Uganda from 1966 to 1971 and from The Prime Minister is the Ugandan head of government History The position of Prime Minister was first used in Uganda after independence was declared The constitution was changed in 1963 to satisfy an alliance between the Uganda People's Congress and the Kabaka_Yekka Party, during the elections in 1962. The Uganda People's Congress (UPC is a Political party in Uganda. Kabaka Yekka was a monarchist Political party in Uganda. The party's name means 'king only' in the Luganda language, Kabaka being This created a post of a titular Head of State called the President and a position of a Vice President. The UPC government appointed Edward Muteesa II, Kabaka (King) of Buganda, as the President and Commander in Chief of the armed forces. Sir Edward Mutesa II, KBE ( November 19, 1924 - November 21, 1969) was the Kabaka ( king) of Buganda Kabaka is the title of the king of Buganda. According to the traditions of the Baganda they are ruled by two kings one spiritual and the other material William Wilberforce Nadiope, the Kyabazing of Busoga (paramount chief), was appointed Vice President. In 1966, Obote overthrew the king. A UPC-dominated Parliament changed the constitution, and Obote became president. The elections were suspended, ushering in an era of coups and counter-coups, which would last until the mid-1980s. Obote was deposed twice from office, both times by military coup.

Idi Amin took power in 1971, ruling the country with the military for the coming decade. Idi Amin Dada (mid 1920s &ndash 16 August 2003 commonly known as Idi Amin, was a Ugandan military dictator and the President of Uganda The 1971 Ugandan coup d'état was a military Coup d'état executed by the Ugandan military led by General Idi Amin, against the government of President ^[10] Idi Amin's rule cost an estimated 300,000 Ugandans' lives. He forcibly removed the entrepreneurial Indian minority from Uganda, decimating the economy. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country His reign was ended after the Uganda-Tanzania War in 1979 in which Tanzanian forces aided by Ugandan exiles invaded Uganda. This led to the return of Obote, who was deposed once more in 1985 by General Tito Okello. Tito Lutwa Okello ( 1914 - June 3 1986) was one of the commanders in the coalition between the Tanzanian army and the exiled Ugandans Okello ruled for six months until he was deposed after the so called "bush war" by the National Resistance Army (NRM) operating under the leadership of the current president, Yoweri Museveni, and various rebel groups, including Federal Democratic Movement of Andrew Kayiira, and another belonging to John Nkwanga. The Ugandan Bush War (often referred to as the war in the bush, and also known as the Luwero War or the Ugandan civil war) refers to the guerrilla war The National Resistance Army ( NRA) the military wing of the National Resistance Movement (NRM was a rebel army that waged a guerilla war commonly referred to as Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ( (born c 1944 Ntungamo, Uganda) has been the President of Uganda since 29 January 1986

Museveni has been in power since 1986. In the mid to late 1990s, he was lauded by the West as part of a new generation of African leaders. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings The term " new generation " or " new breed " of African leaders was a Buzzword widely used in the mid-late 1990s to express optimism in a new generation His presidency has included involvement in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and other conflicts in the Great Lakes region, as well as the civil war against the Lord's Resistance Army. The Second Congo War, also known as Africa's World War and the Great War of Africa, began in August 1998 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly The Great Lakes of Africa are a series of Lakes in and around the geographic Great Rift Valley formed by the action of the tectonic East African In 2007, Uganda deployed soldiers to the African Union peacekeeping mission in Somalia. The African Union (abbreviated AU in English, and UA in its other working languages is a Confederation consisting of 53  African Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known

Government

Main article: Politics of Uganda

The President of Uganda, currently Yoweri Museveni, is both head of state and head of government. The President of Uganda is the Head of state in Uganda. The role began as a largely ceremonial position with the Prime Minister holding the true power Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ( (born c 1944 Ntungamo, Uganda) has been the President of Uganda since 29 January 1986 Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State The president appoints a prime minister, currently Apolo Nsibambi, who aids him in governing. The Prime Minister is the Ugandan head of government History The position of Prime Minister was first used in Uganda after independence was declared The parliament is formed by the National Assembly, which has 303 members. The National Assembly of Uganda has 292 members 214 members are elected without party labels directly in single seat constituencies while 78 members are elected from special interest Eighty-six of these members are nominated by interest groups, including women and the army. The Uganda Peoples Defence Force ( UPDF) previously the National Resistance Army, is the armed forces of Uganda. The remaining members are elected for five-year terms during general elections. Uganda provides national elections for a president and a Legislature.

In a measure ostensibly designed to reduce sectarian violence, political parties were restricted in their activities from 1986. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral In the non-party "Movement" system instituted by Museveni, political parties continued to exist, but they could only operate a headquarter office. Non-partisan democracy (also no-party democracy) is a system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic Elections They could not open branches, hold rallies or field candidates directly (although electoral candidates could belong to political parties). A constitutional referendum canceled this nineteen-year ban on multi-party politics in July 2005.

The presidential elections were held in February 2006. Museveni ran against several candidates, the most prominent of whom was exiled Dr. Kizza Besigye. Warren Kizza Besigye Kifefe (Born on April 22 1956, Rukungiri, Uganda) is a former Colonel Museveni was declared the winner in the elections, but international election observers did not condemn the election results or endorse the electoral process. Despite technically democratic elections, harassment of opposition had started months earlier in the form of a disturbing opposition campaign, detention of activists, rape and other criminal allegations against Besigye, and use of state funds for electoral campaigning.

Museveni's tenure in office has been marred by allegations of massive corruption, embezzlement of public funds by a small section of the population and continued uncontrollable demonstrations of recent PRA suspects in court and Mabira Forest give-aways.

Geography

Main article: Geography of Uganda

The country is located on the East African plateau, averaging about 1100 metres (3,250 ft) above sea level, and this slopes very steadily downwards to the Sudanese Plain to the North. Uganda is located in Eastern Africa, west of Kenya and east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kabale is a district in western Uganda. Like other Ugandan districts it is named after its 'chief town' In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit However, much of the south is poorly drained, while the centre is dominated by Lake Kyoga, which is also surrounded by extensive marshy areas. Lake Kyoga is a large shallow Lake complex of Uganda, about 1720 km² in area and at an elevation of 914 m Uganda lies almost completely within the Nile basin. The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River The Victoria Nile drains from the lake into Lake Kyoga and thence into Lake Albert on the Congolese border . Lake Albert or Albert Lake may refer to Lake Albert (Africa, one of the African Great Lakes Lake Albert (South Australia It then runs northwards into Sudan. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. One small area on the eastern edge of Uganda is drained by the Turkwel river, part of the internal drainage basin of Lake Turkana. Lake Turkana (tər-kăn'ə tʊr-kä'nə formerly known as Lake Rudolf, is a Lake in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya, with its far northern

Although generally equatorial, the climate is not uniform as the altitude modifies the climate. Southern Uganda is wetter with rain generally spread throughout the year. At Entebbe on the northern shore of Lake Victoria, most rain falls from March to June and the November/December period. Entebbe is a city in Uganda with a population of approximately 90500 Lake Victoria or Victoria Nyanza (also known as Ukerewe and Nalubaale) is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. Further to the north a dry season gradually emerges; at Gulu about 120km from the Sudanese border, November to February is much drier than the rest of the year. The north eastern Karamoja region has the driest climate and is prone to droughts in some years. Ruwenzori in the south west on the border with Congo (DRC) receives heavy rain all year round. The south of the country is heavily influenced by one of the world's biggest lakes, Lake Victoria, which contains many islands. It prevents temperatures from varying significantly and increases cloudiness and rainfall. Most important cities are located in the south, near Lake Victoria, including the capital Kampala and the nearby city of Entebbe. Kampala is the Capital city of Uganda. With a population of 1208544 (2002 it is the largest city in Uganda Entebbe is a city in Uganda with a population of approximately 90500

Although landlocked, Uganda contains many large lakes, besides Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga, there is Lake Albert, Lake Edward and the smaller Lake George. Lake Kyoga is a large shallow Lake complex of Uganda, about 1720 km² in area and at an elevation of 914 m Lake Albert or Albert Lake may refer to Lake Albert (Africa, one of the African Great Lakes Lake Albert (South Australia Lake Edward or Edward Nyanza is the smallest of the Great Lakes of Africa.

Districts and counties

Main articles: Districts of Uganda, Counties of Uganda, and Sub-counties of Uganda

See also: List of cities and towns in Uganda

Uganda is divided into 80 districts, spread across four administrative regions: Northern, Eastern, Central and Western. Uganda is divided into 80 Districts ref name="district"> "Can Uganda’s economy support more districts?" New Vision, 8 August 2005 |||} The districts of Uganda are divided into 146 counties, one city council and thirteen municipalities. |||} The counties of Uganda are divided into sub-counties which are further divided into parishes and villages This is a List of cities and Towns in Uganda:   See also Districts of Uganda Uganda is divided into 80 Districts ref name="district"> "Can Uganda’s economy support more districts?" New Vision, 8 August 2005 The districts are subdivided into counties. |||} The districts of Uganda are divided into 146 counties, one city council and thirteen municipalities. A number of districts have been added in the past few years, and eight others were added on July 1, 2006. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[11] Most districts are named after their main commercial and administrative towns. Each district is divided into sub-districts, counties, sub-counties, parishes and villages. |||} The districts of Uganda are divided into 146 counties, one city council and thirteen municipalities. |||} The counties of Uganda are divided into sub-counties which are further divided into parishes and villages A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City.

Parallel with the state administration, five traditional Bantu kingdoms have remained, enjoying some degrees of mainly cultural autonomy. Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people The kingdoms are Toro, Ankole, Busoga, Bunyoro and Buganda. Toro is one of the four traditional kingdoms located within the borders of Uganda. For the breed of cattle see Ankole-Watusi (cattle. Ankole, also referred to as Nkore, is one of four traditional kingdoms in This article is about the Busoga kingdom and region For the language see ‎‎ Lusoga, and for the people see Basoga. Bunyoro is a region of Uganda, and from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century one of the most powerful kingdoms of East Africa. Buganda is the kingdom of the Baganda people the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda.

Economy

Main articles: Economy of Uganda and Energy in Uganda

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Endowed with significant natural resources including ample fertile land regular rainfall and mineral deposits the economy of Uganda has great potential and it appeared poised Burning of Renewable resources provides much of the energy in Uganda, though the government is attempting to become energy self-sufficient A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Cobalt (ˈkoʊbɒlt is a hard lustrous silver-grey Metal, a Chemical element with symbol Co. The country has largely untapped reserves of both crude oil and natural gas. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force, with coffee accounting for the bulk of export revenues. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Since 1986, the government (with the support of foreign countries and international agencies) has acted to rehabilitate an economy decimated during the regime of Idi Amin and subsequent civil war. Idi Amin Dada (mid 1920s &ndash 16 August 2003 commonly known as Idi Amin, was a Ugandan military dictator and the President of Uganda

During 1990 - 2001, the economy grew because of continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs between 1990 and 2001. Ongoing Ugandan involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, corruption within the government, and slippage in the government's determination to press reforms raise doubts about the continuation of strong growth. The Second Congo War, also known as Africa's World War and the Great War of Africa, began in August 1998 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly In 2000, Uganda qualified for the enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative worth $1. Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ( HIPC) are a group of 37 Developing countries with high levels of Poverty and Debt overhang which are eligible 3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145 million. The Paris Club is an informal group of financial officials from 19 of the world's richest countries which provides financial services such as debt restructuring debt relief and debt These amounts combined with the original HIPC debt relief added up to about $2 billion. Growth for 2001 - 2002 was solid despite continued decline in the price of coffee, Uganda's principal export. ^[12] According to IMF statistics, in 2004 Uganda's GDP per-capita reached $300, a much higher level than in the Eighties but still at half of Sub-Saharan African average income of 600 dollars per year. Total GDP crossed the 8 billion dollar mark in the same year.

With the Uganda securities exchange established in 1996, several equities have been listed. The Government has used the stock market as an avenue for privatisation. All Government treasury issues are listed on the securities exchange. The Capital Markets Authority has licensed 18 brokers, asset managers and investment advisors including names like African Alliance, AIG Investments, Renaissance Capital and SIMMS. As one of the ways of increasing formal domestic savings, Pension sector reform is the centre of attention (2007). (http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/631429, also http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=3040). It is widely expected that on 12th June 2008 the Minister of Finance will make proposals to set up a separate pension sector regulator. Previous delays have been attributed to the need to set up a proper regulatory framework before liberalising the sector. Uganda's long term capital is not properly intermediated at this time. The NSSF (www. nssfug. org) has more than 53% of its long term liability- driven investment in Short term bank fixed deposits. The crediting rate is not reflective of market conditions and can only be changed with prior approval from the minister of Finance, according to the 1985 NSSF Act. As a result members currently get 7% on their savings yet 364 day Treasury Bill rates yield 12% to 14% and equity returns range from 30% to 100% with about 40% in a moderate year. Only about 300,000 workers out of an estimated labour force of 12 million contribute to any regular formal savings, the bulk of this is forced savings under the NSSF Act. Long term infrastructure projects seek financing from external sources. Although Uganda is facing crippling energy shortage estimated at 400MW (about 50% of potential demand). The Bujagali Hydro electric project under construction in Jinja had to seek financing from World Bank, yet the US$ 650Million in pension money could have funded that project. This project will then use local currency income streams to service foreign currency loan obligations - a potential financial nightmare in a market where currency forward agreements only go as far as 12 months and a contract is not likely to be bigger than US$ 20Mn on teh interbank OTC market. Pension sector reform could change all that by introducing competition.

Foreign capital inflows have risen recently. There are private equity inflows and remittances from Ugandans abroad which have helped stabilised the foreign exchange rate for recent two years.

Recent floods in Uganda have devastated the local farmers. Destroying predictions of increased food productions, the heavy rains created landslides that destroyed the crops and also wet the stored food supply. The result has been a big hit to the economy which had been growing steadily. during the budget June 12th speech the minister announced that infrastructure will take center stage with Government spending about 26% of its revenues on mainatainance and development of the road network, currently in appaling condition.

Uganda's economic growth greatly depends on her neighboring country Kenya. The country was plunged into an economic major distraction after Kenya was plunged into unrest following the December 2007 presidential elections.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Uganda

See also: Languages of Uganda and Religion in Uganda

Uganda is home to many different ethnic groups, none of whom form a majority of the population. English is the official language of Uganda even though only a relatively small percentage of the population speaks it Religion in Uganda consists of several different Religions which unfortunately accentuate regional and ethnic differences separating people as different rather than Around forty different languages are regularly and currently in use in the country. English became the official language of Uganda after independence. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

The most widely spoken local language in Uganda is Luganda, spoken predominantly in the urban concentrations of Kampala, the capital city, and in towns and localities in the Buganda region of Uganda which encompasses Kampala. Luganda, sometimes known as Ganda, is a major language of Uganda, spoken by over three million people mainly in the Buganda region which includes Buganda is the kingdom of the Baganda people the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda. Kampala is the Capital city of Uganda. With a population of 1208544 (2002 it is the largest city in Uganda The Lusoga and Runyankore languages follow, spoken predominantly in the south-eastern & south-western parts of Uganda respectively. This article is about the Lusoga language For the people see Basoga, and for the ‎Busoga kingdom and region see Busoga.

Swahili, a widely used language throughout eastern and central Africa, was approved as the country's second official national language in 2005,^[13] though this is somewhat politically sensitive. Swahili (called Kiswahili in the language itself is the First language of the Swahili people (Waswahili who inhabit several large stretches Though the language has not been favoured by the Bantu-speaking populations of the south and southwest of the country, it is an important lingua franca in the northern regions. A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely It is also widely used in the police and military forces, which may be a historical result of the disproportionate recruitment of northerners into the security forces during the colonial period. The status of Swahili has thus alternated with the political group in power. ^[14] For example, Amin, who came from the northwest, declared Swahili to be the national language. ^[15]

According to the census of 2002, Christians made up about 84% of Uganda's population. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth ^[16] The Catholic Church has the largest number of adherents (41. 9%), followed by the Anglican Church of Uganda (35. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The Church of the Province of Uganda (or Church of Uganda) is a member church of the Anglican Communion. 9%). The next most reported religion of Uganda is Islam, with Muslims representing 12% of the population. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. ^[16]

The Census lists only 1% of Uganda's population as following Traditional Religions, and 0. 7% are classified as 'Other Non-Christians,' including Hindus. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Judaism is also practised in Uganda by a small number of native Ugandans known as the Abayudaya. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut The Abayudaya ( Abayudaya is Luganda for "People of Judah " analogous to Children of Israel) are a Baganda community One of the seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship is located on the outskirts of Kampala. The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind A Bahá'í House of Worship, sometimes referred to by its Arabic name of Mashriqu'l-Adhkár ( is the designation of a place of Worship, or Temple,

Uganda has a very young population, with a median age of 15 years^[12]

HIV/AIDS

Main article: HIV/AIDS in Uganda

Uganda has seen one of the most effective national responses to the HIV/AIDS pandemic on the African continent. A population pyramid, also called age-sex pyramid and age structure diagram, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a Uganda has been hailed as a rare success story in the fight against HIV and AIDS, widely being viewed as the most effective national response to the pandemic Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Following the end to the civil war in 1986, the new government created and implemented comprehensive policies that dramatically slowed the rate of new infections. It has been estimated that the HIV prevalence stood at 18. 5% in the early 1990s while it declined to 5% in 2002. The latest figures show, however, that the prevalence has increased somewhat to some 7%.

In recent years, a U. S. -sponsored abstinence-only strategy has drawn criticism while critics have also questioned the statistics underlying the Ugandan success story. Abstinence is a voluntary restraint from indulging a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure

Culture and sport

Main article: Culture of Uganda

Due to the large number of ethnic communities, culture within Uganda is diverse. The culture of Uganda is made up of a complex and diverse range of ethnic groups Many Asians (mostly from [Kottar-Nagercoil],[India]) who were expelled during the regime of Amin have returned to Uganda.

Cricket has experienced massive rapid growth and is the most popular sport in Uganda. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Recently in the Quadrangular Tournament in Kenya, Uganda came in as the underdogs and went on to register a historic win against arch rivals Kenya. Uganda also won the World Cricket League Division 3 and came fourth place in the World Cricket League Division 2. The ICC World Cricket League is a series of international one-day Cricket tournaments for national teams without Test status administered by the International The ICC World Cricket League is a series of international one-day Cricket tournaments for national teams without Test status administered by the International

Rugby Union has also experienced rapid growth in Uganda over the last decade. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short This development produced a major result when Uganda were victorious in the 2007 Africa Cup, beating Madagascar in the final. The 2007 Africa Cup is the eighth edition of highest level Rugby union tournament in Africa The Madagascar national rugby union team represents Madagascar in the sport of Rugby union.

• Music of Uganda
• List of writers from Uganda
• List of Ugandans

Human rights

Main article: Human rights in Uganda

Respect for human rights in Uganda has been advanced significantly since the mid-1980s. The African country of Uganda has had a turbulent history in the 20th century and music has been an integral part of the nation's development This is a list of prominent and notable writers from Africa, including Poets Novelists Children's writers Essayists and Scholars listed Idi Amin Dada Yoweri Museveni Apolo Nsibambi See also Lists of people by nationality Uganda continues to experience difficulty in advancing respect for Human rights in matters concerning Torture, Child labor, and Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled There are, however, numerous areas which continue to attract concern.

Conflict in the northern parts of the country continues to generate reports of abuses by both the rebel Lord's Resistance Army and the Ugandan army. The Uganda Peoples Defence Force ( UPDF) previously the National Resistance Army, is the armed forces of Uganda. The number of internally displaced persons is estimated at 1. Internally displaced persons (IDPs are people forced to flee their homes but who unlike refugees remain within their country's borders 4 million. Torture continues to be a widespread practice amongst security organizations. Attacks on political freedom in the country, including the arrest and beating of opposition Members of Parliament, has led to international criticism, culminating in May 2005 in a decision by the British government to withhold part of its aid to the country. The arrest of the main opposition leader Kizza Besigye and the besiegement of the High Court during a hearing of Besigye's case by a heavily armed security forces – before the February 2006 elections – led to condemnation. Warren Kizza Besigye Kifefe (Born on April 22 1956, Rukungiri, Uganda) is a former Colonel The Ugandan general election of 2006 took place on February 23, 2006. ^[17]

Recently, grassroots organizations have been attempting to raise awareness about the children who were kidnapped by the Lord's Resistance Army to work as soldiers or be used as wives. Thousands of children as young as eight were captured and forced to kill. The documentary film Invisible Children illustrates the terrible lives of the children, known as night commuters, who left their villages and walked many miles each night to avoid abduction. Invisible Children The Rough Cut is a film about the plight of child soldiers and night commuters in northern Uganda. ^[18]

Freedom for homosexual relationships continues to be a matter of contention. Such relationships are illegal and denounced as a foreign import, despite the well known native traditions which predated the European colonization, such as those openly practised at the court of the Buganda royalty. Buganda is the kingdom of the Baganda people the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda.

See also

• The Uganda Scouts Association
• List of national parks of Uganda
• Invisible Children
• Kisiizi
• War/Dance

References

External links

• UGPulse.com: The Pulse of Uganda
• Ugee - Everything Uganda
• Uganda Tourism Board
• Uganda Online - Web Directory
• Uganda entry at The World Factbook
• Uganda at the Open Directory Project
• BBC News Country Profile - Uganda
• US State Department - Uganda includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
• Uganda travel guide from Wikitravel
• Wikia has a wiki on this subject: Uganda
• Wikimedia Atlas of Uganda

Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. Wikia (originally Wikicities) is a selective Free web hosting service for Wikis (or Wiki farm) operated by Wikia Inc

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