Tywyn
Tywyn High Street
Tywyn shown within the United Kingdom
Population	2,864
OS grid reference	SH585004
Principal area	Gwynedd
Ceremonial county	Gwynedd
Constituent country	Wales
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	TYWYN
Postcode district	LL36
Dialling code	01654
Police	North Wales
Fire	North Wales
Ambulance	Welsh
European Parliament	Wales
UK Parliament	Meirionnydd Nant Conwy
Welsh Assembly	Dwyfor Meirionnydd
List of places: UK • Wales • Gwynedd

Coordinates: 52°34′59″N 4°05′24″W / 52.58294, -4.08989

Tywyn (formerly Towyn) is a town and seaside resort on the Cardigan Bay coast of southern Gwynedd (formerly Merioneth: Welsh: Meirionnydd, Sir Feirionydd), in north Wales. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan A seaside resort is a Resort located on the Coast. Where a Beach is the primary focus for Tourists it may be called a beach resort Cardigan Bay (Bae Ceredigion is a large inlet of the Irish Sea, indenting the west coast of Wales between the Llŷn and Pembrokeshire peninsulas History Gwynedd was an independent kingdom from the end of the Roman period until the 13th Century when it was conquered and subjugated by England Merionethshire (Meirionnydd Sir Feirionnydd is one of thirteen historic counties of Wales, and a former administrative county Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic The name derives from the Welsh tywyn ('beach, seashore, sand-dune') and the town is sometimes referred to as Tywyn Meirionnydd. Extensive dunes are still to be found to the south towards Aberdyfi, and in Tywyn itself the beach and the extensive promenade are key attractions. In physical Geography, a dune is a Hill of Sand built by Aeolian processes. Aberdyfi (Mouth of the River Dyfi or Aberdovey (the Anglicised spelling is still in common use is a Village on the Estuary of the River An esplanade is a long open level area usually next to a river or large body of water where people may walk To the north lies the mouth of the Afon Dysynni, to the north-east the rich farmland of Bro Dysynni, and to the east the hills of Craig y Barcud and Craig Fach-Goch. The River Dysynni (Afon Dysynni is a River in mid Wales. Source The River Dysynni flows from the western end of Tal-y-llyn Lake During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the town was sometimes called Towyn-on-Sea. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on In Welsh the name is pronounced /'təwɨn/ or /'təwin/, whereas the English pronunciation tends to be /'tawin/. At the time of the 2001 census, 40. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 5% of the population were Welsh-speakers.

Church of St Cadfan

The town is noted for its Norman Church of St Cadfan housing St Cadfan's Stone dating from the eighth or ninth century and inscribed with the oldest known written Welsh. For other buildings in Normandy see Architecture of Normandy. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic The church was sacked by Vikings in 963 and, during the 12th century was the subject of a memorable poem by Llywelyn Fardd. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Events By Place Asia Turkish Khan Sebük Tigin establishes his empire in modern day Afghanistan. The earliest parts of the building date to the 12th century, and it originally had a central tower, although this fell down in 1693. The church houses two 14th-century effigies, one of an unknown priest and the other of a military figure thought to be Gruffudd ap Adda (died ca 1350) of Dôl-goch and Ynysymaengwyn. An effigy is a representation of a person especially in the form of Sculpture.

Notable residents

Many of the most notable residents of the parish have been linked to Ynysymaengwyn. Ynysymaengwyn was formerly a Gentry house near Tywyn, Merioneth, North Wales, situated near the south bank of the River Dysynni. 'Sir' Arthur ap Huw, the grandson of Hywel ap Siencyn of Ynysymaengwyn, was vicar of St Cadfan's between 1555 and 1570, and was a notable patron of the poets as well as being a translator of Counter-Reformation literature into Welsh. Patronage is the support encouragement privilege and often financial aid given by a person or an organization The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the The Ynysymaengwyn family were important patrons and many of the poems to them have been preserved in a manuscript of cywyddau (British Library Additional MS 14866) copied by a native of the Tywyn area, David Johns (fl. A manuscript is any Document that is Written by hand as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way The cywydd (plural cywyddau) is one of the most important metrical forms in Welsh traditional poetry The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom. 1573-87), who was himself the great-grandson of Hywel ap Siencyn. Later additions to this manuscript contain several 18th-century Welsh poems, some of which relate to the Owen and Corbet family of Ynysymaengwyn and to the Rev Edward Morgan of Tywyn. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Edward Morgan, the brother of the poet John Morgan, was vicar of St Cadfan's from 1717 and was one of the 18th-century owners of David Johns's manuscript. John Morgan (also known as John Morgan Matchin or John Morgan of Matchin) ( 7 February 1688 &ndash 28 February 1733 or 1734 was a Year 1717 ( MDCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The poet and scholar Evan Evans (Ieuan Fardd, 1731–88) was curate of St Cadfan's between 1772 and 1777. Year 1731 ( MDCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1788 ( MDCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap From the Latin curatus (compare Curator) a curate is a person who is invested with the ''care'' or ''cure'' (''cura'' ''of souls'' of a Year 1772 ( MDCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common During his time at Tywyn he was the bardic teacher of David Richards (Dafydd Ionawr) (1751–1827), a native of the parish. Etymology The word is a Loanword from descendant languages of Proto-Celtic *bardos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gwerh2 David Richards ( January 22 1751 &ndash May 12 1827) better-known by his Bardic name Dafydd Ionawr, was a Welsh-language Another clergyman from Tywyn was Griffith Hughes, the author of The Natural History of Barbados (London, 1750), which contains the first scientific description of the grapefruit. The grapefruit is a subtropical Citrus Tree grown for its Fruit which was originally named the "forbidden fruit " of Barbados

During the 18th century, the Corbet family of Ynysymaengwyn played a leading role in the Tywyn area. They were responsible for draining much of the morfa or salt marsh between the town and the Dysynni river, which greatly increased the land available for farming in that part of the parish. A salt marsh is a type of Marsh that is a transitional intertidal between land and salty or Brackish water (e In Samuel Lewis's A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (1833) it is reported that popular horse races were held on land by the Dysynni every September. Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. The raven was the Corbet family emblem (the name 'Corbet' is thought to come from the Norman French for 'raven') and the bird is still used as emblem of Tywyn. Raven is the common name given to the largest species of Passerine Birds in the Genus Corvus. Norman is a Romance language and one of the Oïl languages. The northern Norman can be classified in the septentrional Oil languages with Picard and The name Raven was once that of a public house in the centre of the town. One notable landlord was Griffith Owen (1750–1833), who was both butler and harpist to the Corbets before he moved to the Raven. Year 1750 ( MDCCL) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A butler is a senior servant in a large Household. In the Great houses of the past the household was sometimes divided into departments with the butler The harp is a Stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. A portrait of him by Benjamin Marshall (1768–1835) was formerly at Ynysymaengwyn. Benjamin Marshall (14 October 1768 in Seagrave, Leicestershire – 29 January 1835 was an English sporting and animal painter Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

In 1826, Edward Jones of Tywyn published Marwolaeth Abel, a Welsh translation of Der Tod Abels by the Swiss poet Solomon Gessner. For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Solomon Gessner ( April 1, 1730 - March 2, 1788) Swiss painter and Poet, was born at Zürich.

John Corbett

Ynysymaengwyn was bought by John Corbett of Impney, Droitwich in 1878. Ynysymaengwyn was formerly a Gentry house near Tywyn, Merioneth, North Wales, situated near the south bank of the River Dysynni. John Corbett ( bapt June 29, 1817 - April 22, 1901) was a Victorian English Industrialist and Droitwich Spa is a Town in northern Worcestershire, England, on the River Salwarpe and has a population of 22585 (2001 Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was not related to the previous Corbet family, but the similarity of the names certainly attracted him. Although not a permanent resident, Corbett spent long periods and even more money in Tywyn, and some of the town's key features are the product of his investments. He developed the water and sewerage system and also constructed the promenade at a cost of some £30,000. Tap water ( running water) is part of indoor Plumbing, which became available in the late 19th century and common in the mid-20th century An esplanade is a long open level area usually next to a river or large body of water where people may walk He gave land and money for the Market Hall, built to celebrate Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee in 1897. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland A Golden Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 50th anniversary of a monarch's reign Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common It was his money that enabled Brynarfor to be opened as Towyn Intermediate School in 1894. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He rebuilt the Corbett Arms Hotel (from then-on spelled with two 't's), and also contributed to the Assembly Room (1893), now Tywyn Cinema. Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Plaques commemorating his generosity may still be seen on the north end of the promenade, on the Market Hall and on Brynarfor (where his portrait was hung when the school first opened). Despite the fact that his involvement transformed Tywyn, he was not much loved, and upon his death on 22 April 1901, the Cambrian News noted that "he had more than the usual reserve of the Englishman". Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Transportation

Agriculture and, since the arrival of the railway, tourism have been the most important industries in the area. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The railway arrived in the mid-1860s, and had a significant effect on the town's development. Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 Slate-quarrying in the Abergynolwyn area led to the building of the Talyllyn Railway in 1865, a narrow-gauge line designed to carry slates to Tywyn. Slate is a fine-grained foliated homogeneous, Metamorphic rock derived from an original Shale -type Sedimentary rock composed of Clay Abergynolwyn (Mouth of the River with a Whirlpool is a village in southern Gwynedd, Wales, located at the confluence of the Nant Gwernol and the Afon Dysynni The Talyllyn Railway (Rheilffordd Talyllyn is a narrow-gauge preserved railway running for from Tywyn on the Mid-Wales coast to Nant Gwernol Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways This was the first railway in the world to be taken over and run by a volunteer-led preservation society, which took over the line in 1950 after the death of the previous owner, Sir Henry Haydn Jones. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sir Henry Haydn Jones ( December 27 1863 &ndash July 2 1950) was a Welsh Liberal Party politician

The town's main line railway station is served by the Cambrian Line. Tywyn railway station serves the town of Tywyn in Gwynedd, Wales. The Cambrian Line is a railway from Shrewsbury (in Shropshire, England) to Welshpool, Aberystwyth and Pwllheli.

Facilities

Other than St Cadfan's Church, there are several places of worship in Tywyn, including Bethany (English Presbyterian), Bethel (Welsh Prebyterian), Bethesda (Welsh Congregationalist), Ebeneser (Welsh Wesleyan), St David’s (Roman Catholic), and Tywyn Baptist Church (English). Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently

The main schools in Tywyn are the primary, Ysgol Penybryn, and the secondary, Ysgol Uwchradd Tywyn. Former pupils of the secondary school (formerly Towyn County School) include Geraint Goodwin (1903–41), author of The Heyday in the Blood (1936), and Lord Gwilym Prys-Davies. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The year 1936 in literature involved some significant events and new books

Tywyn was a major training ground for the landings in the Second World War and had a strategic war base. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Abandoned pillboxes may still be seen on the coast to the south of the town,

The Marconi Company built a Long Wave receiver station in Tywyn in 1914, working in duplex with the high-power transmitter station near Waunfawr (Williams 1999). The Marconi Company Ltd was founded by Guglielmo Marconi in 1897 as The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (sometimes presented as Wireless The longwave Radio band is a range of frequencies used for AM broadcasting, which extends from 148 A duplex Communication system is a system composed of two connected parties or devices which can communicate with one another in both directions Waunfawr ( large Moorland / Heathland in Welsh) is a large Village on the outskirts of the Snowdonia National Park, Gwynedd In 1921 the Tywyn and Waunfawr stations initiated transatlantic wireless telegraph service with a similar RCA wireless transmitting station in New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA and RCA's receiver station in Belmar, New Jersey. RCA Corporation, founded as Radio Corporation of America, was an electronics company in existence from 1919 to 1986 Somerset is a Census-designated place and unincorporated area located at the eastermost section within Franklin Township, in Somerset County This new transatlantic service replaced Marconi's obsolete transatlantic telegraph station in Clifden, Ireland following its 1922 destruction during the Irish Civil War. Clifden (An Clochán meaning "bee-hive cell" is a town on the coast of County Galway, Ireland and being Connemara 's largest town it is often The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Irish Civil War ( June 28 1922 &ndash May 24 1923) pitted supporters of the Anglo-Irish Treaty against its opponents

Local places of interest include Craig yr Aderyn (Bird Rock), Castell y Bere and Tal-y-llyn Lake. Craig yr Aderyn, or Bird's Rock, is a hill rising to a height of over 250m above sea level to the south of the River Dysynni near Llanfihangel-y-pennant Castell y Bere is a native Welsh castle near Llanfihangel-y-pennant north of Abergynolwyn, in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. Tal-y-llyn Lake, also known as Talyllyn Lake or Llyn Mwyngil, is a large glacial Ribbon lake formed by a post-glacial massive landslip damming up the

References

• Middlemass, Barbara & Joe Hunt (1985). John Corbett: Pillar of Salt, 1817-1901, Droitwich: Saltway Press. ISBN 0-95104-630-6
• Smith, J. Beverley & Llinos Beverley Smith (eds) (2001). History of Merioneth, vol. ii: The Middle Ages, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-70831-709-X
• Williams, Harri (1999). Marconi and his wireless stations in Wales, Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 0-86381-536-7
• Hogan Jr, John L. A New Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Service, Electrical World, Aug 29, 1914

External links

• Tywyn Travel Guide on Wikitravel
• Tywyn an illustrated guide
• bbc.co.uk North West Wales: Tywyn
• Marconi Long Wave Receiving site in Tywyn