Socialism  v • d • e  Currents African socialism Arab socialism Communism DeLeonism Democratic socialism Eco-Socialism Guild socialism Libertarian socialism Market socialism Revolutionary socialism Social anarchism Social democracy Socialist market economy Utopian socialism Religious socialism Buddhist socialism Christian socialism Islamic socialism Key Issues Criticisms of socialism History of socialism Socialist economics Socialist state Types of socialism People and organizations List of socialists International Workingmen's Association Second International Third International Fourth International Socialist International WFDY IUSY Related subjects Anarchism Autogestion Class struggle Democracy Dictatorship of the proletariat Egalitarianism Equality of outcome Impossibilism Internationalism Marxism Proletarian revolution Socialism in one country Trade union Utilitarianism

Since the 18th century, socialist ideas have developed and separated into many different types of socialism. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution African socialism is a belief in sharing economic resources in a "traditional" African way as distinct from classical Socialism. Arab Socialism (الاشتراكية العربية al-ishtirākīya al-‘arabīya) is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based De Leonism, occasionally known as Marxism-Deleonism, is a form of Marxism developed by Daniel De Leon. Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements tendencies and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation Eco-socialism, Green socialism or Socialist ecology is an Ideology merging aspects of Marxism, Socialism, Green politics Guild socialism is a political movement advocating workers' control of industry through the medium of trade-related Guilds. Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Market socialism is a term used to denote two different Economic system (s based in Socialism which operate according to Market principles The term revolutionary socialism refers to Socialist tendencies that advocate the need for fundamental social change through Revolution, as a strategy to achieve a Social anarchism, socialist anarchism, anarcho-socialism, anarchist socialism or Communitarian anarchism,(sometimes used interchangeably with Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left A socialist market economy is an economic form that is practiced in the People's Republic of China, where it is called Socialism with Chinese characteristics Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought Religious socialism is a Term used to describe forms of Socialism that are based on Religious values. Buddhist socialism is a Political ideology which advocates Socialism based on the principles of Buddhism. Christian socialism generally refers to those on the Christian left whose politics are both Christian and Socialist and who see these two philosophies as Islamic socialism is a term coined by various Muslim leaders to meet the demand for a more spiritual form of Socialism. Criticisms of Socialism range from disagreements over the efficiency of socialist economic and political models to condemnation of states described by themselves The history of socialism, sometimes termed 'modern socialism' finds its origins in the French Revolution of 1789 and the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution Socialist economics is a broad and sometimes controversial term The term socialist state (or socialist republic, or workers' state) can carry one of several different (but related meanings In strictly speaking any The following is a list of self-identified Socialists divided by geographical location The International Workingmen's Association (IWA, sometimes called the First International, was an international socialist organization which aimed at uniting a variety The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow The Fourth International ( FI) is a communist international organisation working in opposition to both Capitalism and Stalinism. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY is a left-wing youth organization recognized by the United Nations as an international youth Non-governmental organization The International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY encompasses socialist, Social democratic and Labour Party youth organizations from more than 100 states Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Worker self-management (or autogestion) is a form of workplace decision-making in which the workers themselves agree on choices (for issues like customer care general production Class struggle is the active expression of Class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The " dictatorship of the proletariat " or workers' state is a term employed by Marxists that refers to what they see as a temporary state between the Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have Equality of outcome or equality of condition is a form of Egalitarianism which seeks to reduce or eliminate differences in material condition between individuals or Impossibilism is an interpretation of Marxism. It emphasizes the limited value of reforms in overturning capitalism and insists on revolutionary political action as the only For the Marxist concept of internationalism see Proletarian internationalism. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A proletarian revolution is a social and/or political Revolution in which the Working class attempts to overthrow the Bourgeoisie. Socialism in One Country was a thesis developed by Nikolai Bukharin in 1925 and adopted as state policy by Joseph Stalin. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall Utility, that is its contribution to happiness The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution There have been numerous political movements who called themselves socialists under some definition of the term; this article attempts to list them all.

Communism

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Main article: Communism

Communism can refer to classless, stateless social organization based upon common ownership of the means of production and to a variety of movements acting in the name of this goal. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. Common ownership is a principle according to which the assets of an enterprise or other organization are held indivisibly rather than in the names of the individual members or Means Of Production is a compilation of Aim 's early 12" and EP releases recorded between 1995 and 1998 In general, the classless forms of social organisation are not capitalised, while movements associated with official Communist parties and Communist states usually are. A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of Communist state is a term used by many Political scientists to describe a Form of government in which the State operates under a one-party system

The actual goal of the concept of communism has never been attained in practice. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The real idea behind it is to abolish all leadership, and govern with a commune. That is, the people themselves make all decisions, and everyone contributing to the wellbeing of the state. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. In practice, most governments that claim communism are totalitarian dictatorships. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a concept used to describe Political systems where a State regulates nearly every aspect of public and private A dictatorship is usually defined as an autocratic Form of government in which the Government is ruled by a Dictator.

The modern political movement of Communism was created when the social democratic parties of Europe split between their rightist and leftist tendencies during World War I. The leftists, led internationally by Vladimir Lenin, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, in order to distinguish their brand of socialism from the "reformist" social democrats, were called "Communists". Rosa Luxemburg (Róża Luksemburg 5 March 1870 or 1871 15 January 1919 was a Polish-born Jewish German Marxist theorist, socialist ( August 13, 1871 - January 15, 1919) was a German Socialist and a co-founder of the Spartacist League and the Communist Socialist Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a Society can ultimately change a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures However, after Luxemburg's and Liebknecht's murders, the term Communist became generally associated solely with the parties and organisations following Lenin, along with their various derivations, such as Stalinism or Maoism. Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader

There is a considerable variety of views among self-identified Communists. However, Marxism and Leninism, schools of communism associated with Karl Marx and of Vladimir Lenin respectively, have the distinction of having been a major force in world politics since the early 20th century. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Leninism refers to various related political and economic theories elaborated by Bolshevik revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. Class struggle plays a central role in Marxism. Class struggle is the active expression of Class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective This theory views the formation of communism as the culmination of the class struggle between the capitalist class, the owners of most of the capital, and the working class. Marx held that society could not be transformed from the capitalist mode of production to the communist mode of production all at once, but required a transitional state which Marx described as the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat. In the writings of Karl Marx and the Marxist theory of Historical materialism, a mode of production (in German Produktionsweise, meaning 'the The " dictatorship of the proletariat " or workers' state is a term employed by Marxists that refers to what they see as a temporary state between the

Some forms of the communist society that Marx envisioned, as emerging from capitalism, have been claimed to be achieved for limited periods, during certain historical moments, and under certain circumstances. For example, the Paris Commune in fact let Marx reinforce and implement his theories, by adapting them to a real experience he could draw from. The Paris Commune (La Commune de Paris was a Government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May Another similar case, though disputed by anarcho-syndicalism or even anarchism, was the Spanish Revolution of 1936 (often missed or unmentioned by official historiography), during which much of Spain's economy, in most of Republican areas, some of which enjoyed a practical absence of state, was put under workers' direct collective control. Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of Anarchism which focuses on the labour movement. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i The Spanish Revolution of 1936 began during the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Second Spanish Republic was the system of government in Spain between April 14 1931, when King Alfonso XIII left the country A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population.

In addition to this, the term "Communism" (as well as "Socialism"), usually capitalized, is often used to refer to those political and economical systems and states dominated by a political, bureaucratic class, typically attached to one single Communist party, that follow marxism-leninism doctrines and often claim to represent the dictatorship of the proletariat in a non-democratic fashion, described by critics as in a totalitarian and bureaucratic. Capitalization (or capitalisation &mdash see spelling differences) is writing a word with its first letter as a Majuscule (upper case letter A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of Party system Government in which a single Political party A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted The " dictatorship of the proletariat " or workers' state is a term employed by Marxists that refers to what they see as a temporary state between the Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a concept used to describe Political systems where a State regulates nearly every aspect of public and private Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity usually in large organizations and government These systems are also often named as Stalinism, State capitalism, State communism or state socialism. Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 State capitalism, in its classic meaning is a private capitalist economy under State control Communist state is a term used by many Political scientists to describe a Form of government in which the State operates under a one-party system State Socialism is a term introduced to describe the type of government in countries ruled by communist parties such as the former USSR, which are generally known as Communist

With the Soviet Union's creation, after the end of Russian Civil War, that followed to initial success of Red October Revolution in Russia, other socialist parties in other countries, and the Bolshevik party itself became Communist parties, owing allegiance of varying degrees to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (see Communist International). The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow After World War II, regimes calling themselves Communist took power in Eastern Europe. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1949, the Communists in China, supported by USSR and led by Mao Zedong, came to power and established the People's Republic of China. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Among the other countries in the Third World that adopted a bureaucratic communist state as form of government at some point were Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Angola, and Mozambique. Third World is a name given to nations that are generally considered to be underdeveloped economically Communist state is a term used by many Political scientists to describe a Form of government in which the State operates under a one-party system The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa By the early 1980s, almost one-third of the world's population lived under Communist states. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Communist state is a term used by many Political scientists to describe a Form of government in which the State operates under a one-party system

Communism carries a strong social stigma in the United States, due to a history of anti-communism in the United States. Social stigma is severe social disapproval of personal characteristics or Beliefs that are against cultural norms. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Anti-communism refers to opposition to Communism. Historically the word "communism" has been used to refer to several types of communal social organization and Since the early 1970s, the term "Eurocommunism" was used to refer to the policies of Communist parties in western Europe, which sought to break with the tradition of uncritical and unconditional support of the Soviet Union. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Eurocommunism was a new trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties to develop a theory and practice of social transformation that Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Such parties were politically active and electorally significant in France and Italy. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest With the collapse of the statalized single-party systems, and Marxist-Leninist governments, in eastern Europe, from the late 1980s, and the breakup of the Soviet Union on December 8, 1991, Marxist-Leninist State communism's influence has decreased dramatically in Europe, but around a quarter of the world's population still lives under such a kind of 'Communist states'. A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of Party system Government in which a single Political party Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted Communist state is a term used by many Political scientists to describe a Form of government in which the State operates under a one-party system

Marxism-Leninism and Stalinism

Main articles: Marxism-Leninism and Stalinism

Lenin himself never used the term "Leninism," nor did he refer to his views as "Marxism-Leninism. Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 " However, his ideas diverged from classical Marxist theory on several important points (see the articles on Marxism and Leninism for more information). Bolshevik communists saw these differences as advancements of Marxism made by Lenin. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction After Lenin's death, his ideology and contributions to Marxist theory were termed "Marxism-Leninism," or sometimes only "Leninism. " Marxism-Leninism soon became the official name for the ideology of the Comintern and of Communist parties around the world. The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of

Whether Stalin's practices actually followed the principles of Marx and Lenin is still a subject of debate amongst historians and political scientists. Stalin, in contrast to many contemporary revolutionaries, did not write a significant body of theoretical work. "Stalinism," strictly speaking, refers to a style of government or political structure, rather than an ideology per se; during the period of Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union, Marxism-Leninism was proclaimed the official ideology of the state. Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Trotskyists in particular believe that Stalinism contradicted authentic Marxism and Leninism, and they intitially used the term "Bolshevik-Leninism" to define their beliefs. Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky.

The term "Stalinism" is sometimes used to denote the brand of Communist theory that dominated the Soviet Union and the countries within the Soviet sphere of influence during and after the leadership of Joseph Stalin. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The term used in the Soviet Union and by most who uphold its legacy, however, is "Marxism-Leninism", reflecting that Stalin himself was not a theoretician, but a communicator who wrote several books in language easily understood, and, in contrast to Marx and Lenin, made few new theoretical contributions. However, many people professing Marxism or Leninism view Stalinism as a perversion of their ideas; Trotskyists, in particular, are virulently anti-Stalinist, considering Stalinism a counter-revolutionary policy using Marxism to achieve power. Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. A counter-revolutionary is anyone who opposes a Revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it in full or in part

Rather, Stalinism is more in the order of an interpretation of their ideas, and a certain political system claiming to apply those ideas in ways fitting the changing needs of society, as with the transition from "socialism at a snail's pace" in the mid-twenties to the forced industrialization of the Five-Year Plans.

The main contributions of Stalin to Communist theory were Socialism in One Country and the theory of Aggravation of class struggle under socialism, a theoretical base supporting the repression of political opponents as necessary. Socialism in One Country was a thesis developed by Nikolai Bukharin in 1925 and adopted as state policy by Joseph Stalin. The theory of aggravation of the class struggle along with the development of socialism was one of the cornerstones of Stalinism in the internal Politics of the

Stalinism has been described as being synonymous with totalitarianism, or a tyrannical regime. Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a concept used to describe Political systems where a State regulates nearly every aspect of public and private In modern usage a tyrant is a single ruler holding absolute power over a State or within an Organization. The term has been used to describe regimes that fight political dissent through violence, imprisonment, and killings.

Maoism

Main article: Maoism

A key concept that distinguishes Maoism from other left-wing ideologies is the belief that the class struggle continues throughout the entire socialist period, as a result of the fundamental antagonistic contradiction between capitalism and communism. Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Class struggle is the active expression of Class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective Antagonistic contradiction ( Chinese language: 矛盾 Pinyin: Máo dùn is the impossibility of compromise between different social classes. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Even when the proletariat has seized state power through a socialist revolution, the potential remains for a bourgeoisie to restore capitalism. The proletariat (from Latin la ''proles'' "offspring" is a term used to identify a lower Social class; a member of such a class is proletarian A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turnaround" is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively Indeed, Mao famously stated that "the bourgeoisie [in a socialist country] is right inside the Communist Party itself", implying that corrupt Party officials would subvert socialism if not prevented.

Unlike the earlier forms of Marxism-Leninism in which the urban proletariat was seen as the main source of revolution, and the countryside was largely ignored, Mao focused on the peasantry as a revolutionary force which, he said, could be mobilized by a Communist Party with their knowledge and leadership. The proletariat (from Latin la ''proles'' "offspring" is a term used to identify a lower Social class; a member of such a class is proletarian

Unlike most other political ideologies, including other socialist and Marxist ones, Maoism contains an integral military doctrine and explicitly connects its political ideology with military strategy. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking Military strategy is a National defence policy implemented by Military organisations to pursue desired strategic goals Derived from the Greek In Maoist thought, "political power comes from the barrel of the gun" (one of Mao's quotes), and the peasantry can be mobilized to undertake a "people's war" of armed struggle involving guerrilla warfare. A peasant is an agricultural worker who subsists by working a small plot of ground People's War ( Chinese language: 人民战争 also called protracted people's war, is a military-political strategy invented by Mao Zedong. Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc

Since the death of Mao and the reforms of Deng, most of the parties explicitly defining themselves as "Maoist" have disappeared, but various communist groups around the world, particularly armed ones like the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and the New People's Army of the Philippines, continue to advance Maoist ideas and get press attention for them. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party The New People's Army ( NPA) is the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP These groups generally have the idea that Mao's ideas were betrayed before they could be fully or properly implemented.

Other types of communism

Religious communism

Religious communism is a form of communism centered on religious principles. Religious communism is a form of Communism centered on religious principles Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos The term usually refers to a number of utopian religious societies practicing the voluntary dissolution of private property, so that society's benefits are distributed according to a person's needs, and every person performs labor according to their abilities. Utopia is a name for an ideal community taken from the title of a book written in 1516 by Sir Thomas More describing a fictional Island in the "Religious communism" has also been used to describe the ideas of religious individuals and groups who advocate the application of communist policies on a wider scale, often joining secular communists in their struggle to abolish capitalism.

Trotskyism

Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij Trotsky considered himself a Bolshevik-Leninist, arguing for the establishment of a vanguard party. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction Leninism refers to various related political and economic theories elaborated by Bolshevik revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. A vanguard party is a Political party at the forefront of a mass action movement or revolution He considered himself an advocate of orthodox Marxism. His politics differed greatly from those of Stalin or Mao, most importantly in declaring the need for an international "permanent revolution" and arguing that democracy is essential to bolth socialism and communism. Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader This article is about the theory See Permanent Revolution (group for the group of the same name and Permanent Revolution (album for the Catch 22 Numerous groups around the world continue to describe themselves as Trotskyist and see themselves as standing in this tradition, although they have diverse interpretations of the conclusions to be drawn from this.

Shachtmanism

Shachtmanism is a critical term applied to the form of Marxism associated with Max Shachtman. Shachtmanism is a critical term applied to the form of Marxism associated with Max Shachtman. Max Shachtman ( September 10 1904 - November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist It has two major components: a bureaucratic collectivist analysis of the Soviet Union and a third camp approach to world politics. Bureaucratic collectivism is a theory of class society It is used by some Trotskyists to describe the nature of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The third camp, also known as third camp socialism or third camp Trotskyism, is a branch of Socialism which aims to support neither Capitalism Shachtmanites believe that the Stalinist rulers of Communist countries are a new (ruling) class, distinct from the workers and rejects Trotsky's description of Stalinist Russia as being a "degenerated workers' state". Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij In Trotskyist political theory the term degenerated workers' state has been used since the 1930s to describe the state of the Soviet Union after Stalin 's Max Shachtman described the USSR as a "bureaucratic collectivist" society. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Bureaucratic collectivism is a theory of class society It is used by some Trotskyists to describe the nature of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin Although Shachtmanism is usually described as a form of Trotskyism, both Trotsky and Shachtman were careful to not describe Shachtman's view as Trotskyist. Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky.

Libertarian socialism and Social anarchism

Mikhail Bakunin 1814-1876, one of the major thinkers of Libertarian socialism

Main articles: Libertarian socialism and Social anarchism

Libertarian socialism is any one of a group of political philosophies dedicated to opposing coercive forms of authority and social hierarchy, in particular the institutions of capitalism and the state. Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin ( - July 1 1876) was a well-known Russian Revolutionary and theorist of Collectivist anarchism. Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Social anarchism, socialist anarchism, anarcho-socialism, anarchist socialism or Communitarian anarchism,(sometimes used interchangeably with Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language In Politics, authority ( Latin Auctoritas, used in Roman law as opposed to Potestas and Imperium Social hierarchy is a multi-tiered pyramid-like social or functional structure having an apex as the centralization of power Some of the best known libertarian socialist ideologies are anarchism - particularly anarchist communism and anarcho-syndicalism, as well as mutualism, council communism, autonomist Marxism, Neo-Marxism and social ecology. An ideology is a set of beliefs aims and Ideas especially in politics Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of Anarchism which focuses on the labour movement. Mutualism, is an Anarchist school of thought, can be traced to the writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon that envisioned a society where each person might possess a Council communism is a Far-left movement originating in Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s Autonomism refers to a set of Left-wing political and social movements and theories close to the socialist movement. Neo-Marxism is a loose term for various Twentieth-century approaches that amend or extend Marxism and Marxist theory, usually by incorporating elements Social Ecology is a philosophy developed by French geographer and anarchist Élisée Reclus and revived by Murray Bookchin in the 1960s However, the terms anarcho-communism and libertarian communism should not be considered synonyms for libertarian socialism - anarcho-communism is a particular branch of libertarian socialism. Key figures of libertarian socialism include William Morris, Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman, Rudolf Rocker, Murray Bookchin and Noam Chomsky. William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896 was an English Architect, Furniture and Textile designer artist writer and socialist associated Emma Goldman (June 27 1869 – May 14 1940 was an anarchist known for her political activism writing and speeches Johann Rudolf Rocker ( March 25, 1873 September 19, 1958) was an anarcho-syndicalist writer and activist Murray Bookchin ( January 14, 1921 – July 30, 2006) was an American libertarian socialist, political and social Avram Noam Chomsky (noʊm ˈtʃɑmski born December 7 1928 is an American linguist, Philosopher, cognitive scientist, Political

Libertarian socialists believe in the abolition of the state and of private control over the means of production, considering both to be unnecessary and harmful institutions. Property is any physical or virtual entity that is owned by an individual Means Of Production is a compilation of Aim 's early 12" and EP releases recorded between 1995 and 1998 Most libertarian socialists support personal property or use rights over certain goods destined for individual use, but some, such as anarcho-communists, favoured collective ownership in the products of labor as well, with a distribution system which allocates based on one's needs.

Some individualist anarchists such as Benjamin Tucker and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon referred to their philosophy as socialism. Individualist anarchism refers to any of several traditions that hold that "individual conscience and the pursuit of self-interest should not be constrained by any collective Benjamin Ricketson Tucker ( April 17, 1854 &ndash June 22, 1939) was a leading proponent of American Individualist anarchism Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (ˈpruːd ɒn in British English, dɔ̃ in French) ( 15 January 1809 – 19 January 1865) was However, the meaning of the term "socialism" has long been fluid, and some anarcho-capitalist writers such as Wendy McElroy argue that Tucker's philosophy cannot be considered collectivist^[1][2]

Libertarian socialism and anarchism initially co-existed with other forms of socialism in the First International. However, personal tensions between the figureheads of each movement, Mikhail Bakunin and Karl Marx, as well as disagreements over key issues (see Anarchism and Marxism) led to a split. Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin ( - July 1 1876) was a well-known Russian Revolutionary and theorist of Collectivist anarchism. Anarchism and Marxism are related political philosophies which emerged in the nineteenth century Anarchists joined the Second International when it was formed. The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. However, at its fourth congress in London in 1896 (attended by Kropotkin, Errico Malatesta, Gustav Landauer, Louise Michel, Elisee Reclus, Jean Grave and other libertarians), they were excluded at the initiative of the German SPD, despite an intervention in support of them by Independent Labour Party leader Keir Hardie. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Errico Malatesta ( December 14, 1853 July 22, 1932) was an Italian anarcho-communist and Insurrectionary anarchist Gustav Landauer ( 7 April 1870 in Karlsruhe, Germany &mdash 2 May 1919 in Munich, Germany) was For the 1936-1939 Spanish Civil War units see Louise Michel Battalions Louise Michel (1830-1905 was a French anarchist Élisée Reclus ( March 15 1830 &ndash July 4 1905) also known as Jean Jacques Élisée Reclus, was a renowned French Jean Grave ( October 16, 1854 - December 8, 1939) was an important activist in the French anarchist movement. See Independent Labor Party for the Political party in Burundi, Independent Labour Group for the Irish party and Labour candidates James Keir Hardie (15 August 1856 - 26 September 1915 was a Scottish Socialist and labour leader and was the first independent labour Member of Parliament ^[3] From this moment, anarchists and libertarian socialists have not been seen as part of the socialist mainstream. However, the libertarian socialist tradition has remained strong in the many trade union movements (notably the French Confédération Générale du Travail and Spanish Confederación Nacional del Trabajo) and in Britain, where Nye Bevan, George Orwell and more recently Peter Hain have been identified with libertarian socialism. Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The General Confederation of Labour ( French: Confédération générale Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo ( CNT; English Aneurin Bevan, usually known as Nye Bevan ( 15 November 1897 &ndash 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer Peter Gerald Hain (born 16 February 1950, Nairobi, Kenya) is a British Labour Party Politician who has ^[4] Libertarian socialism also experienced a resurgence with the New Left in the 1960s. The New Left were the Left-wing movements in different countries in the 1960s and 1970s that unlike the earlier leftist focus on union activism instead adopted a The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 In the context of the European socialist movement, libertarian has conventionally been used to describe those like Mikhail Bakunin who opposed state socialism and preferred a form of stateless socialism. Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin ( - July 1 1876) was a well-known Russian Revolutionary and theorist of Collectivist anarchism.

Democratic socialism and social democracy

Main articles: Democratic socialism and social democracy

Modern democratic socialism is a broad political movement that seeks to propagate the ideals of socialism within the context of a democratic system. Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements tendencies and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements tendencies and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation Many democratic socialists support social democracy as a road to reform of the current system, in effect, it is a means to an end. Other groups within democratic socialism support more revolutionary change in society to establish socialist goals. Conversely, modern social democracy emphasises a program of gradual legislative reform of the capitalist system in order to make it more equitable and humane, while the theoretical end goal of building a socialist society is either completely forgotten or redefined in a pro-capitalist way. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where The two movements are widely similar both in terminology and in ideology, though there are a few key differences.

Many who describe themselves as "socialists" disagree with the terminology of "democratic socialism" because they believe that socialism necessarily implies democracy. For many years, though, the terms "democratic socialism" and "social democracy" were used interchangeably to describe the same overall political movement, but in modern times, social democracy is considered to be more centrist and broadly supportive of current capitalist systems (for example, the social market economy) and the welfare state, while many democratic socialists support a more fully socialist system, either through evolutionary or revolutionary means. The social market economy was the main economic model used in Western and Northern Europe during the Cold War era This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom. Socialist Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a Society can ultimately change a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures The term revolutionary socialism refers to Socialist tendencies that advocate the need for fundamental social change through Revolution, as a strategy to achieve a

The term social democracy can refer to the particular kind of society that social democrats advocate. The Socialist International (SI) - the worldwide organisation of social democratic and democratic socialist parties - defines social democracy as an ideal form of representative democracy, that may solve the problems found in a liberal democracy. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of the people's representatives The term "liberal" in "liberal democracy" does not imply that the government of such a democracy must follow the political ideology of The SI emphasizes the following principles[1]: Firstly, freedom – not only individual liberties, but also freedom from discrimination and freedom from dependence on either the owners of the means of production or the holders of abusive political power. Secondly, equality and social justice – not only before the law but also economic and socio-cultural equality as well, and equal opportunities for all including those with physical, mental, or social disabilities. Finally, solidarity – unity and a sense of compassion for the victims of injustice and inequality.

Democratic socialists and social democrats both advocate the concept of the welfare state, but whereas most social democrats view the welfare state as the end itself, many democratic socialists view it as a means to an end. Democratic socialists are also committed to the ideas of the redistribution of wealth and power, as well as social ownership of major industries, concepts widely abandoned by social democrats. As of current, there are no countries in the world that could qualify as a "democratic socialist" state, though many European nations are considered to be socially democratic or nearly so.

The prime example of social democracy is Sweden, which prospered considerably in the 1990s and 2000s. Swedish welfare refers to the Swedish variant of the Mixed economy Welfare state prevalent in much of the industrialized world Sweden has produced a robust economy from sole proprietorships up through to multinationals, while maintaining one of the highest life expectancies in the world, low unemployment, inflation, all while registering sizable economic growth. A sole proprietorship, or simply proprietorship ( Benjamen Clark Multinational corporation ( MNC) or transnational corporation ( TNC) is a Corporation or enterprise that manages Production or delivers Life expectancy is the average number of years of life remaining at a given age Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time Many see this as validation of the superiority of social democracy. However, many others point out that in comparison with other developed countries Sweden did fall behind in that period [2]. Also, Sweden experiences welfare dependency of around 20% of the working age population according to the Swedish Trade Union Confederation. Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen i Sverige literally "National Likewise, crime has been steadily rising since the 1960s, and during the past decade has grown ever more violent. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment

Religious socialism

Christian socialism

Main article: Christian socialism

There are individuals and groups, past and present, that are clearly both Christian and Socialist, such as Frederick Denison Maurice, author of The Kingdom of Christ (1838), or the contemporary Christian Socialist Movement (UK) (CSM), [3] affiliated with the British Labour Party. Christian socialism generally refers to those on the Christian left whose politics are both Christian and Socialist and who see these two philosophies as John Frederick Denison Maurice ( 29 August 1805 - 1 April 1872) was an English theologian and socialist. The Christian Socialist Movement, or CSM, is a socialist society affiliated to the British Labour Party. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the

Distributism, is a third-way economic philosophy formulated by such Catholic thinkers as G. K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc to apply the principles of social justice articulated by the Roman Catholic Church, especially in Pope Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum Novarum. Distributism, also known as distributionism and distributivism, is a third-way economic philosophy formulated by such Roman Catholic Gilbert Keith Chesterton (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936 was an influential English writer of the early 20th century Joseph Hilaire Pierre René Belloc (27 July 1870 &ndash 16 July 1953 was a French -born Writer who became a Naturalised British subject Social justice, sometimes called civil justice, refers to the concept of a Society in which Justice is achieved in every aspect of society rather than Pope Leo XIII ( March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903) born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope Rerum Novarum (Translation Of New Things) is an Encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on May 16 1891.

Various Catholic clerical parties have at times referred to themselves as "Christian Social. " Two examples are the Christian Social Party of Karl Lueger in Austria before and after World War I, and the contemporary Christian Social Union in Bavaria. For other parties of the same name see Christian Social Party The Christian Social Party (CS (Christlichsoziale Partei was an Austrian political party Karl Lueger ( IPA not) ( October 24, 1844 - March 10, 1910) was an Austrian politician and Mayor of Vienna Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Yet these parties have never espoused socialist policies and have always stood at the conservative side of Christian Democracy^[5]. Christian democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Christian (and often specifically Catholic) principles to public policy

Hugo Chavez of Venezuela is an advocate of a form of Christian socialism as he claims that Jesus Christ was a socialist. Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (ˈuɰo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβ̞es ˈfɾias (born July 28 1954 is the current President of Venezuela. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE)

Further information: Christian left and social gospel

Islamic socialism

Cover of English language edition of The Green Book. The Religious Left is a term originating in the United States, used to describe those who hold strong Religious Beliefs and share Left-wing political The Social Gospel movement is a Protestant Christian intellectual movement that was most prominent in the late 19th century and early 20th century For other uses see Green Book (disambiguation. The Green Book ( Arabic الكتاب الأخضر is a book written by the

Islamic socialism is the political ideology of Libya's Muammar al-Gaddafi, former Iraqi president Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Syrian President Hafez Al-Assad and of the Pakistani leader of Pakistan Peoples Party, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Islamic socialism is a term coined by various Muslim leaders to meet the demand for a more spiritual form of Socialism. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi 1 (معمر القذافي) (born 7 June 1942) also known as Colonel Gaddafi For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr ( Arabic أحمد حسن البكر) ( July 1, 1914 – October 4, 1982) was Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Hafez al-Assad (حافظ الأسد) ( October 6, 1930 &ndash June 10, 2000) was president of Syria, for three Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Pakistan Peoples Party ( PPP) (پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی is Centre-left Political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist Zulfikar Ali Bhutto ( Urdu: ur '''ذوالفقار علی بھٹو''' Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو, zʊlfɪqɑːɾ ɑli bɦʊʈːoː

The Green Book (written by Muammar al-Gaddafi) consists of three parts - "The Solution of the Problem of Democracy: 'The Authority of the People'", "The Solution of the Economic Problem: 'Socialism'", and "The Social Basis of the Third Universal Theory". For other uses see Green Book (disambiguation. The Green Book ( Arabic الكتاب الأخضر is a book written by the Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi 1 (معمر القذافي) (born 7 June 1942) also known as Colonel Gaddafi The book is controversial because it completely rejects modern conceptions of liberal democracy and encourages the institution of a form of direct democracy based on popular committees. The term "liberal" in "liberal democracy" does not imply that the government of such a democracy must follow the political ideology of Direct Democracy is a movement within the British Conservative Party dedicated to localism and Constitutional reform as a means of reviving public Critics charge that Qaddafi uses these committees as tools of autocratic political repression in practice. An autocracy is a Form of government in which the Political power is held by a single self-appointed ruler

Scholars have highlighted the similarities between the Islamic economic system and socialist theory. For example, both are against unearned income. Islam does allow private ownership of natural resources and large industries, which are owned collectively, or at least encouraged to be so. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified ( natural) form ]</ref> Most historians agree that fascism and Nazism were anti-socialist movements which drew their political support mainly from right wing conservative elements. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities

National Socialism (Nazism)

Some people claim that National Socialism (Nazism) is a form of socialism, but traditional socialists reject the nationalism and racism of the Nazis, and consider them a far right party that used the guise of socialism. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that Far right, extreme right, ultra-right, or radical right are terms used to discuss the qualitative or quantitative position a group The Nazi party's formal title was the National Socialist German Workers Party (formerly the German Workers Party), and the party's 25 point program included measures to redistribute income and war profits, to introduce profit-sharing in large industries, to nationalize trusts, increase old-age pensions and provide free education. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The German Workers' Party ('Deutsche Arbeiterpartei', or DAP was the short-lived predecessor of the Nazi Party (German Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei The National Socialist Program, also referred to as the 25-point program or 25-point plan was developed to formulate the party policies of first the Austrian German Some political theorists and economists argue that the Nazis' large public works projects and state interventions are indicative of socialism. Public works are the construction or engineering projects carried out by the State on behalf of the Community. ^[6] The Nazis made efforts to coordinate private business goals with the needs of the state, particularly with rearmament and the establishment of some state-owned concerns such as Volkswagen. Howe Adolf Hitler described the Nazi philosophy as a type of socialism:

In 1922, Hitler explained his use of the words national and social:

Hitler defined socialism as to be almost identical to nationalism:

According to historian Henry A. Turner, Hitler grew more cynical later in life, expressing regret for having integrated the word Socialist into the party name. Henry Ashby Turner Jr (born 1932 is an American Historian of Germany. At a meeting of Nazi leaders in 1929, Hitler said: "That is an unfortunate word altogether. [. . . ] What does socialism really mean? If people have something to eat and their pleasures, then they have their socialism. ^[10]

Nazism vs. traditional socialism

The Nazis considered German Social Democrats and Communists as enemies to be censored, outlawed and killed. The Communist Party of Germany ( German Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands &ndash KPD) was a major political party in Germany between 1918 ^[11] The Nazis gained power with the support of Germany's traditional conservative parties. Internationally, Nazi Germany was criticised by left-wing parties and supported by right-wing parties. In 1934 the Nazis had a hostile purge within their party — the Night of the Long Knives — which has been viewed as a victory of the right wing of the Nazi party and the Schutzstaffel (SS) over the more socialist Strasserists and Ernst Röhm's Sturmabteilung (SA). The Night of the Long Knives (German) or " Operation Hummingbird " was a Purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Strasserism refers to the strand of Nazism and Neo-Nazism that called for a more radical mass-action and worker-based form of fascism particularly hostile to Ernst Julius Röhm, (Munich November 28, 1887 – July 2, 1934) was a German military officer and later the commander and co-founder The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers

One of National Socialism's main differences from Marxism and other traditional forms of socialism was that it was a racial and national rather than international movement. National Socialism focused on the struggle of the so-called Aryan race to unite and overcome class distinctions to become the dominant race of the world. The " Aryan race " is a concept in European culture that was influential in the period of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries The socialist elements of National Socialism was only to be available to Aryans; other peoples would have their rights removed and could be submitted to persecution. Nazis rejected the class struggle and common ownership of the means of production, which many consider the main tenets of socialism. Class struggle is the active expression of Class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective Means Of Production is a compilation of Aim 's early 12" and EP releases recorded between 1995 and 1998 ^[12] The Nazis had demanded some nationalization of big industries and land reform before their rise to power, but they did not act on most of these policies, and they outlawed strikes and independent trade unions. Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government Land reforms (also Agrarian reform, though that can have a broader meaning is an often- controversial alteration in the societal arrangements whereby government Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal by Employees to perform work. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming

References

Further reading

• G. D. H. Cole, History of Socialist Thought, in 7 volumes, Macmillan and St. Martin's Press (1965), Palgrave Macmillan (2003 reprint); 7 volumes, hardcover, 3160 pages, ISBN 1-4039-0264-X
• Albert Fried, Ronald Sanders, eds. , Socialist Thought: A Documentary History, Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor, 1964.
• Michael Harrington, Socialism, New York: Bantam, 1972
• James Weinstein, Long Detour: The History and Future of the American Left, Westview Press, 2003, hardcover, 272 pages, ISBN 0-8133-4104-3
• Hans-Hermann Hoppe (1989). Edward Michael Harrington ( February 24, 1928 &ndash July 31, 1989) was an American democratic socialist, writer political James Weinstein ( July 17, 1926, New York City &ndash June 16, 2005, Chicago) was an American historian and Hans-Hermann Hoppe (born September 2, 1949) is an Austrian school Economist of the anarcho-capitalist tradition and a former economics A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-89838-279-3.  
• Norman Birnbaum. Norman Birnbaum (born July 21, 1926) is an American Sociologist. After Progress: American Social Reform and European Socialism in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press.   (see review here)

See also

• History of socialism
• List of socialists
• Socialist economics

External links

• PBS' "Heaven on Earth: the Rise and Fall of Socialism"
• Socialism at Spartacus Schoolnet

Socialist perspective

• The Two Souls of Socialism by Hal Draper
• Socialism: Utopian and Scientific by Frederick Engels
• Types of socialism from The Communist Manifesto