Tyneside is a conurbation in northern England, which is home to over 80% of the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. A conurbation is an Urban area or Agglomeration comprising a number of Cities, large Towns and larger urban areas that through Population England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. It includes Newcastle upon Tyne, the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Hebburn, Jarrow, North Shields, and South Shields — all settlements on the banks of the River Tyne. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Gateshead is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England. Hebburn is a small Town situated on the south bank of the River Tyne in North East England, sandwiched between the towns of Jarrow Jarrow (ˈjæroʊ or /ˈjærə/ is a Town on the River Tyne, England with a Population around 27000 (2001 Census) North Shields (or locally just Shields) is a town on the north bank of the River Tyne, in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, in North South Shields is a coastal town in Tyne and Wear, England, located at the mouth of the River Tyne. The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. The population of the conurbation was 879,996 according to the census of 2001. The only large settlement in Tyne and Wear that is not part of the Tyneside conurbation is Sunderland, which is on Wearside. Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England. Wearside is an unrecognised conurbation in North East England, mostly referring to the City of Sunderland, but also including parts of County Durham including

Contents 1 Geordies 2 Coal production 3 Steel and shipbuilding 4 Professional rowing on the Tyne 5 Rapper dancing 6 Industrial decline and regeneration 7 Definition 8 Economy 9 References

Geordies

The people of the Tyneside area are often called "Geordies". Geordie (ˈdʒɔrdi is a regional nickname for a person from the Tyneside region of England, or the name of the Dialect of English They do not regard this as a derogatory term, but rather express pride in being different from "southerners". Tynesiders may have been given this name, a local diminutive of the name "George", because their miners used George Stephenson's safety lamp (called a "Georgie lamp") to prevent firedamp explosions, rather than the Davy lamp used elsewhere. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body George Stephenson ( 9 June 1781 &ndash 12 August 1848) was an English Civil engineer and mechanical engineer The Geordie lamp was invented by George Stephenson in 1815 as a solution to explosions due to Firedamp in Coal mines Although controversy arose Firedamp is a Flammable Gas found in coal mines. It is actually the name given to a number of flammable gases including Methane. The Davy lamp is a Safety lamp containing a candle devised in 1815 by Sir Humphry Davy. An alternative explanation is that during the Jacobite risings they declared their allegiance to the Hanoverian kings of Great Britain George I and George II; whereas the rest of the county of Northumberland, to the north, were loyal to James Francis Edward Stuart. Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland George I (George Louis German Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 &ndash 11 June 1727 For the first year of his life George was the only heir to his father's and three childless George II (George Augustus 10 November 1683 &ndash 25 October 1760 was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west Prince James Prince of Wales (James Francis Edward Stuart " The Old Pretender " or " The Old Chevalier " 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766 was the

Coal production

While Newcastle upon Tyne had been an important local centre since Roman times, and was a major local market town from the Middle Ages, the development of Newcastle and Tyneside is owed to coal mining. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. Coal was first known to be dug in Tyneside from superficial seams in around 1200, but there is some evidence from Bede's writings that it may have been dug as early as 800 AD. Bede (ˈbiːd (also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or (from Latin Beda (beda (c Coal was dug from local drift mines and bell pits, and although initially only used locally, it was exported from the port of Newcastle from the mid 1300s onwards. Tyneside had a strategic advantage as far as the coal trade was concerned, because collier brigs could be loaded with coal on the Tyne and could sail down the east coast to London. In fact, the burgesses of Newcastle formed a cartel, and were known as the Hostmen. The Hostmen of Newcastle upon Tyne were a Cartel of businessmen who formed a monopoly to control the export of Coal from the River Tyne in The Hostmen were able gain a monopoly over all of the coal exported from Tyneside, a monopoly which lasted a considerable time. A well-known group of workers on the river were the keelmen who handled the keels, boats that carried the coal from the riverbanks to the waiting colliers. The Keelmen of Tyne and Wear were a group of men who worked on the keels large boats that carried the coal from the banks of both rivers to the waiting collier ships ^[1]

Steel and shipbuilding

The valley of the River Derwent, a major tributary of the Tyne that rises in County Durham, saw the development of the steel industry from around 1600 onwards. The River Derwent is a River on the border between County Durham and Northumberland in the north east of England. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 This was led by German immigrant cutlers and sword-makers, probably from around Solingen, who fled from religious persecution at home and settled in the then village of Shotley Bridge, near Consett. Solingen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the northern edge of the region called Bergisches Land, south of the Ruhr Religious persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group of individuals as a response to their religious beliefs of affiliations. Shotley Bridge is a village in the Derwent Valley adjoining the town of Consett in County Durham, England. Consett (UK Parliament constituency Consett is a town in the northwest of County Durham, England and is the administrative centre of the district of Derwentside.

The combination of coal and steel industries in the area was the catalyst for further major industrial development in the nineteenth century, including the shipbuilding industry — at its peak, the Tyneside shipyards were the biggest and best centre of shipbuilding in the world, and built an entire navy for Japan in the first decade of the twentieth century. See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. There is still a working shipyard in Wallsend. Wallsend is a town in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England.

Professional rowing on the Tyne

From early in the 19th century it was a custom to hold boat races on the Tyne. The river had a large number of keelmen and wherrymen, who handled boats as part of their jobs. As on the River Thames, there were competitions to show who was the best oarsman. The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. As a wherryman did not earn very much, professional rowing was seen as a quick way of earning extra money. Regattas were held, and provided modest prizes for professionals, but the big money was made in challenge races, in which scullers or boat crews would challenge each other to a race over a set distance for a side stake. Scull redirects here The head bone is spelled " Skull " The crews would usually have backers, who would put up the stake money, as they saw the chance of financial gain from the race. In the days before mass attendances at football matches, races on the river were enormously popular, with tens of thousands attending. Betting would go on both before and during a race, the odds changing as the fortunes of the contestants changed. Contestants who became champions of the Tyne would often challenge the corresponding champions of the River Thames, and the race would be arranged to take place on one of the two rivers.

Rivalry between the Tyne and the Thames was very keen, and rowers who upheld the honour of the Tyne became local heroes. Three such oarsmen, who came from humble backgrounds and became household names in the North East, were Harry Clasper, Robert Chambers and James Renforth. Harry Clasper ( 5 July 1812 – 13 July 1870) was a famous Tyneside professional Rower and boat-builder Robert Chambers ( 14 June 1831 – 4 June 1868) was a famous Tyneside professional oarsman James Renforth ( 7 April 1842 – 23 August 1871) was a famous Tyneside professional oarsman. Clasper was a champion rower in fours, as well as an innovative boat designer and a successful rowing coach. Harry Clasper ( 5 July 1812 – 13 July 1870) was a famous Tyneside professional Rower and boat-builder Chambers and Renforth were oarsmen who excelled at sculling. Robert Chambers ( 14 June 1831 – 4 June 1868) was a famous Tyneside professional oarsman James Renforth ( 7 April 1842 – 23 August 1871) was a famous Tyneside professional oarsman. Scull redirects here The head bone is spelled " Skull " Both held the World Sculling Championship at different times. The popularity of all three men was such that when they died, many thousands attended their funeral processions, and magnificent funeral monuments were provided by popular subscription in all three cases. At the end of the nineteenth century professional rowing on the Tyne began a gradual decline and eventually died out altogether leaving the amateur version. ^[2]

Rapper dancing

Despite its rapid growth in the Industrial Revolution, Tyneside did develop one peculiar local custom, the rapper sword dance, which later spread to neighbouring areas of Northumberland and County Durham. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the History The rapper sword tradition was traditionally performed in the mining villages of the Northumberland and Durham coalfield in North East England,

Industrial decline and regeneration

During the 1970s and 1980s, there was major industrial decline in the traditional British heavy industries, and Tyneside was hit hard. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry. High unemployment rates, and a government led by Margaret Thatcher determined to push through with economic transformation, led to great social unrest with strikes and occasional rioting in depressed areas. Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925

From the late 1980s onward, an improving national economy and local regeneration helped the area to recover, and although unemployment is still a problem compared with some other areas of Britain, expansion of new industries such as tourism, science and high-technology, has fuelled local development, especially in Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding High tech is Technology that is at the cutting edge —the most advanced technology currently available

Definition

The ONS define a Tyneside Urban Area with a population of 879,996 according to the 2001 census, which has the following urban sub-areas

• Blaydon
• Boldon
• Chester-le-Street
• Cleadon
• Felling
• Gateshead
• Gosforth
• Hebburn
• Hetton-le-Hole
• Houghton le Spring
• Howdon
• Jarrow
• Longbenton/Killingworth
• Meadowell
• Newburn
• Newcastle upon Tyne
• North Shields
• Ryton
• Percy Main
• Shiremoor
• South Hetton
• South Shields
• Springwell
• Tynemouth
• Wallsend
• Washington
• Whickham
• Whitley Bay

This area includes the four boroughs mentioned above, along with parts of the Metropolitan Borough of Sunderland, and County Durham. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly Blaydon (or Blaydon-on-Tyne) is a town in the North East of England in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead Administration The The Boldons are a group of three villages in England - East Boldon, West Boldon and Boldon Colliery - bordering the north of Sunderland Chester-le-Street is the main town in the Chester-le-Street district of County Durham, England. Cleadon is a Suburban Village in North East England in the county of Tyne and Wear. Felling is the name given to an area of eastern Gateshead, UK. Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Gosforth is an area of Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England to the north of the city centre Hebburn is a small Town situated on the south bank of the River Tyne in North East England, sandwiched between the towns of Jarrow Hetton-le-Hole is a village/town and Civil parish situated between County Durham and the City of Sunderland, England. Houghton-le-Spring (ˈhəʊtən is a town that is nowadays found in the county of Tyne and Wear, North East England that has its recorded origins in Norman times Longbenton is an incorporated town in North Tyneside, England. Killingworth, formerly Killingworth Township, is a town north of Newcastle Upon Tyne, in North Tyneside, United Kingdom. Newburn is a semi rural village in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in the Metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. Ryton is a semi-rural small town near the western border of Tyne and Wear, England. Shiremoor (originally called Tynemouthshire Moor is a place in North Tyneside. ---- South Hetton is a former mining village in County Durham, in England. Springwell village is a small suburb in Tyneside. Although the postal address is Gateshead, the village lies in the Washington West ward of the City of Sunderland This article concerns itself with the village For the Parliament constituency of the same name see Tynemouth (UK Parliament constituency Tynemouth Wallsend is a town in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. Washington is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, England. Whickham is a town in North East England, four miles south west of Newcastle upon Tyne and four and a half miles west of Gateshead centre Whitley Bay is a town in North Tyneside, in Tyne and Wear, England History The metropolitan borough was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 by the merger of several districts of County Durham - Washington The conurbation is narrowly separated from Cramlington and Sunderland. The Town of Cramlington in the county of Northumberland is situated nine miles north of the city of Newcastle Upon Tyne in the north-east of Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England.

Economy

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Tyneside at current basic prices published (pp. 240-253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Year	Regional Gross Value Added[1]	Agriculture[2]	Industry[3]	Services[4]
1995	7,688	9	2,244	5,435
2000	9,930	8	2,567	7,356
2003	11,895	9	2,865	9,021

^  1 includes hunting and forestry

^  2 includes energy and construction

^  3 includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured

^  4 Components may not sum to totals due to rounding

References

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