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BEA Tuxedo
Developed by BEA Systems
Latest release 10 / 2 October 2007
Written in C, C++, COBOL
OS Cross-platform
Development status Active
Genre Application server
License Proprietary
Website www.bea.com

Tuxedo (Transactions for Unix, Extended for Distributed Operations) is a middleware platform used to manage distributed transaction processing in distributed computing environments. A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of A software release is the distribution whether public or private of an initial or new and upgraded version of a Computer software product Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination In computing cross-platform (also known as multi-platform) is a term used to refer to Computer software or computing methods and concepts that are implemented Computer software can be organized into categories based on common function type or field of use In n-tier architecture an application server is a Server that hosts an API to expose Business Logic and Business Processes for use by other A software license (or software licence in commonwealth usage is a Legal instrument governing the usage or redistribution of copyright protected software A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with Small caps) is a computer Middleware is computer Software that connects Software components or applications Tuxedo is a Transaction Processing System or Transaction Oriented Middleware, or Enterprise Application Server for C, C++, and COBOL. A Transaction Processing System To be considered a transaction processing system the computer must pass the ACID test.

It was originally developed and designed by AT&T in 1983 for the creation and administration of Operations Support Systems that required online transaction processing (OLTP) capabilities. Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and Operations Support Systems (also called Operational Support Systems or OSS) are computer systems used by telecommunications service providers Online transaction processing, or OLTP, refers to a class of systems that facilitate and manage transaction-oriented applications typically for data entry and retrieval The Tuxedo concepts were derived from the LMOS system. The Loop Management Operations System (LMOS is a telephone company Trouble ticketing system that plays an essential part in the act of repairing Local loops (telephone The original Tuxedo team was comprised of seasoned members of the LMOS team. In 1993 Novell acquired the UNIX System Laboratories (USL) division of AT&T which was responsible for the development of Tuxedo at the time. Novell Inc ( is a global Software Corporation based in the United States specializing in enterprise operating systems such as SUSE In 1996, BEA Systems made an exclusive agreement with Novell to develop and distribute Tuxedo on non-NetWare platforms, with most Novell employees working with Tuxedo joining BEA. [1][2]

Tuxedo was designed from the beginning for high availability and to provide extremely scalable applications allowing Tuxedo to support applications requiring thousands of transactions per second on commonly available distributed systems. One of the first applications within AT&T for Tuxedo was to support moving the LMOS application off mainframe systems on to much cheaper distributed systems.

Contents

Features of Tuxedo


Messaging Core

Tuxedo is at its core a message routing and queuing system. The Open Group is an industry Consortium to set vendor- and technology-neutral open standards for Computing infrastructure In computing the XA standard is a specification by The Open Group for Distributed transaction processing (DTP Object Management Group ( OMG) is a Consortium, originally aimed at setting standards for distributed Object-oriented systems and is now focused Publish/subscribe (or pub/sub is an Asynchronous Messaging Paradigm where senders (publishers of messages are not programmed to send their messages In Telecommunications and Computer networking, Abstract Syntax Notation One ( ASN Don't change "Extensible" In Computer networking and Databases the two-phase commit protocol (2PC is a Distributed algorithm that lets all nodes in a Distributed system In computing the XA standard is a specification by The Open Group for Distributed transaction processing (DTP In Cryptography, a public key infrastructure ( PKI) is an arrangement that binds Public keys with respective user identities by means of a Certificate Simple Network Management Protocol ( SNMP) forms part of the Internet protocol suite as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF tags please moot on the talk page first! --> In Computing, C is a general-purpose cross-platform block structured C++ (" C Plus Plus " ˌsiːˌplʌsˈplʌs is a general-purpose Programming language. COBOL (ˈkoʊbɒl is one of the oldest programming languages still in active use Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with Small caps) is a computer Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Requests are sent to named services and Tuxedo uses memory based Inter-process communication facilities to queue the requests to servers. Inter-Process Communication ( IPC) is a set of techniques for the exchange of data among two or more threads in one or more processes. The requester is unaware of where the server that actually processes the request is located or how it is implemented. In essence, Tuxedo provided the elements of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) years before the phrase Service-oriented architecture was coined. Service-oriented architecture ( SOA) is a method for Systems development and integration where functionality is grouped around Business processes Tuxedo can use the content of the message to determine what servers should be utilized to receive the request by means of data dependent routing.

Clustering

The heart of the Tuxedo system is the Bulletin Board (BB). This is a shared memory segment that contains the state of a Tuxedo domain. Servers, services, transactions, and clients are all registered in the BB providing a global view of their state across the machines within a domain. To coordinate updates to the BB a process called the Bulletin Board Liaison (BBL) runs on each machine to keep the local copy of the BB up-to-date. A master machine runs a process called the “Distinguished Bulletin Board Liaison” that coordinates the updates to the BB. This allows each machine to have a view of what servers, services, transactions, and clients are on each machine within the domain.

Another process on each machine called the Bridge is responsible for passing requests from one machine to another. This allows Tuxedo to spread load across the various machines within a domain and allows servers and services to be running on multiple machines. In addition the BBL and Bridge monitor each other and restart the other should one fail. In the advent of a failure of the master machine, another machine designated as a backup master can take over the function of master machine. Also, since machines within a single domain can be of different architectures (x86, IA32, SPARC, P-Series, etc. ), the Bridge is also responsible for handling differences in things like endianness.

Flexible Buffer Formats

Tuxedo applications can utilize a variety of message formats depending upon the type of data that is to be passed. One of the most popular formats is the FML buffer format which is much like a binary XML or ASN. 1 format. FML buffers can contain an arbitrary number of named fields of arbitrary type. Fields can be repeated and nested. As it is a self describing binary format, the processing of fields incurs very little overhead in comparison to the parsing necessary to support something like XML. VIEW buffers are essentially records, C structures, or COBOL copybooks. A VIEW buffer has an external description which allows Tuxedo to access the fields within it if necessary for things like data dependent routing. Other buffer formats include XML, STRING, and MBSTRING (a string buffer containing multibyte characters. ) Tuxedo can automatically and transparently convert FML buffers to and from XML buffers.

Communication Concentrators

For remote clients (Java, CORBA, or /WS), Tuxedo provides communication concentrators called listener/handlers that handle the remote network communication. Clients connect to these communication concentrators and act as proxies for the clients. As clients make requests, the listener/handler uses the local Tuxedo infrastructure to make the request on the behalf of the client. Tuxedo then load balances the requests across the servers within the domain that offer the service even if the server is not on the local machine. This is in contrast to most Java Enterprise Edition application servers where load balancing is done by the client making requests to different machines with the cluster. Java Platform Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used platform for server programming in the Java programming language

Gateways

To facilitate the sharing of services across domains, Tuxedo provides domain gateways. A domain gateway's job is to allow the importing and exporting of services from remote domains. This allows the local domain to see services on remote domains as though they were local services. The domain gateways are responsible for propagating security and transaction context to the remote domain. Besides connecting Tuxedo domains together, domain gateways exist for mainframes systems using TCP/IP, SNA, or the OSI/TP protocols, and Java Enterprise Edition application servers. The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly TCP/IP) is the set of Communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks For the mainframe gateways, each system sees the services imported from the remote system as local services and use the local systems infrastructure to interact with those services. This means that Tuxedo sees a CICS transaction as a Tuxedo service, and CICS sees a Tuxedo service as a CICS transaction. CICS ( Customer Information Control System) is a Transaction server that runs primarily on IBM mainframe systems under Z/OS and Z/VSE

Failure/Recovery

The BBL on each machine monitors the state of all servers and can automatically restart failed servers. It can also detect hung servers and kill/restart them as required. Any transactions that are affected by a server or machine failure are rolled back.

Transaction Monitoring and Coordination

Tuxedo applications can request that all service invocations and their associated updates to any resources controlled by resource managers (such as databases) be controlled by a transaction. Once the application begins a transaction, all subsequent service invocations and nested invocations are included as part of that transaction, even those services that were executed on remote domains. Tuxedo then coordinates the commit processing with the resource managers to ensure atomic updates to all affected resources. Transactions can be controlled by the application or automatically controlled by the Tuxedo configuration, i. e. , container controlled transactions.

Queuing Subsystem

Tuxedo provides a queuing subsystem called /Q. This facility provides transient and persistent queues that allows applications to explicitly queue requests to named queues. Queues can be ordered by message availability time, expiration time, priority, LIFO, FIFO, or a combination. Queues are managed by an XA compliant resource manager allowing queue operations to participate in transactions. An automated queue forwarding server is provided that will remove entries from a queue and invoke an associated Tuxedo services.

Event Subsystem

The event subsystem within Tuxedo provides support for unsolicited events as well as brokered events. Unsolicited events allow Tuxedo applications to send out-of-band notifications to clients that aren't necessarily waiting for a response. Brokered events allow application to subscribe to events of interest and when another application posts an event, all applications subscribed to that event receive it. This allows applications to use an event driven model instead of the more typical request/response model.

References

  1. ^ Andrade, Juan M. et al (1996). The TUXEDO System: Software for Constructing and Managing Distributed Business Applications. Addison-Wesley, pp. xxxiv. ISBN 0201634937.  
  2. ^ BEA Systems, Inc. (1996-02-28). Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule "Novell and BEA Systems, Inc. Complete Transition of TUXEDO to BEA". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News  “BEA is the exclusive developer and distributor of the TUXEDO System on UNIX, NT, and all non-NetWare platforms, and Novell will develop TUXEDO-based applications for NetWare. In addition, most Novell TUXEDO employees, including development and marketing personnel, have joined BEA, and BEA has assumed all contracts with TUXEDO partners, distributors, and customers. BEA has exclusive rights to the TUXEDO trademark. ”

External links

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