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Tute Bianche was a militant Italian social movement, active from 1994 to 2001.

Activists covered their bodies with padding so as to resist the blows of police, to push through police lines, and to march together in large blocks for mutual protection during demonstrations. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force A demonstration is an historically and geographically common form of Nonviolent action by groups of people

Tute Bianche means, "White Overalls". The name stems from an initial demonstration (initiated by a loose association of Italian anti-globalization activists called the Ya Basta Association), involving the group defense of a squatted social center (CSOA), in which demonstrators wore white overalls to evoke the "ghosts" that would haunt the ghost town police proposed to make of the social center. The Ya Basta Association was a loose network of Italian Anti-capitalist and pro-immigrants rights organizations and groups fueled by the Italian Social center Squatting is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or Building that the squatter does not own rent or otherwise have permission to use Social Centers are Community spaces They are buildings which are used for a range of disparate activities which can be linked only by virtue of being Not-for-profit A ghost is said to be the apparition of a Deceased person frequently similar in appearance to that person and usually encountered in places she or he frequented A ghost town is a Town or City that has been abandoned usually because the economic activity that supported it has failed or due to natural or human-caused The padding tactic, adopted later, is also referred to as a padded bloc tactic. A padded bloc is a form of protest in which people march in a block formation and wear padding to protect against the police following the Tute Bianche movement

"If the struggle aims at achieving visibility, the colour of the fight is white, and the white garment covers the whole body. " from The Age of Clandestinity

Center to the tute bianche movement was the Italian Ya Basta Association, a network of groups throughout Italy that was inspired by the Zapatista Army of National Liberation uprising in Chiapas in 1994. The Ya Basta Association was a loose network of Italian Anti-capitalist and pro-immigrants rights organizations and groups fueled by the Italian Social center The Zapatista Army of National Liberation ( Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) is an armed Revolutionary group based in Chiapas Ya Basta primarily originated in the "autonomist" social centers of Milan, particularly Centro Sociale Leoncavallo. Social Centers are Community spaces They are buildings which are used for a range of disparate activities which can be linked only by virtue of being Not-for-profit These social centers grew out of the Italian Autonomia movement of the 1970 and 80s.

The Tute Bianche philosophy was based on a specific reading of Italian political / social history, including the idea that the traditional protest tactic or marching and "bearing witness" to power had outlived its usefulness, and more confrontational, militant forms of non-violent protest were required to not only re-invigorate the anti-globalization movement, but redefine how street resistance is understood.

The tute bianche movement reached its apex during the anti-G8 protests in Genoa, Italy, in July, 2001, with a showing of an estimated 10,000 protesters in a single "padded block", ironically after a collective decision to go without the white overalls. Shortly after Genoa the Ya Basta Association dis-associated and with certain segments reforming into the "Disobbedienti" which literally means, "Disobedients" This philosophy includes the occupation and creation of squatted selfmanaged Social centers, anti-sexist organizing, activism for migration rights and political asylum rights for refugees and migrant laborers, as well as the process of walking together in large blocks during demonstrations to hold the streets, by force if necessary, in case of clashes with police. Social Centers are Community spaces They are buildings which are used for a range of disparate activities which can be linked only by virtue of being Not-for-profit Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race The term migrant worker has different official meanings and connotations in different parts of the world the United Nations' definition is very broad essentially including anyone A demonstration is an historically and geographically common form of Nonviolent action by groups of people Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force

The tute bianche has had international variations of one sort or another. For instance, in Britain a group calling itself The WOMBLES adopted the tactics, even though the political orientation of the WOMBLES differed from the Italian sections. In Spain, "Mono Blanco" was the preferred identifier. The first North American variant of the tute bianche, the NYC Ya Basta Collective (based in NYC) wore yellow overalls, rather than white. The NYC Ya Basta Collective was a group of Anti-globalization activists based primarily in NYC active from roughly October 2000 through October 2001

Civil and social disobedience

The Disobbedienti practice civil and social disobedience. The White Overalls principle, inspired by the EZLN and Zapatista-solidarity groups, consisted of covering one's body in padding and wearing helmets to deflect the blows of police, and going on marches or demonstrations while wearing easily-recognizable white or yellow overalls. The Zapatista Army of National Liberation ( Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) is an armed Revolutionary group based in Chiapas This practice came to be associated with civil disobedience during the International Monetary Fund and World Bank protests in Prague, Czech Republic, on September 26, 2000, in which those who offered symbolic physical resistance by crossing police lines while covered in padding joined the yellow line, which was associated with civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is the active refusal to obey certain Laws demands and commands of a Government, or of an occupying power, without resorting to physical The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Currently, civil and social disobedience includes the creation of autonomous squatted social centers and political activism for migration rights. Social Centers are Community spaces They are buildings which are used for a range of disparate activities which can be linked only by virtue of being Not-for-profit Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change See anti-globalization movement. " Anti-globalization " is a term that encompasses a number of related ideas

See also

External links

¡Ya basta! is a phrase in Spanish roughly approximate to "Enough is enough!" in English. The Zapatista Army of National Liberation ( Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) is an armed Revolutionary group based in Chiapas
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