Comune di Torino
Skyline of Turin
Municipal coat of arms
Location of Turin in Italy
Country	Italy
Region	Piedmont
Province	Turin (TO)
Mayor	Sergio Chiamparino
Elevation	240 m (787 ft)
Area	130. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Turin ( Piemontese: Provincia ëd Turin It Provincia di Torino) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy Sergio Chiamparino (born September 1, 1948 in Moncalieri) is the current Mayor of Turin, Italy. 17 km² (50 sq mi)
Population (as of December 2006)
- Total	921,485 ( 4th)[1]
- Density	[n. ISTAT data updated 2007 January 1. Figures are based on last 2001 Census plus data from official bilancio demografico ( demographic balance a. ]
Time zone	CET, UTC+1
Coordinates	45°4′N 7°42′E
Gentilic	Torinesi
Dialing code	011
Postal code	10100
Frazioni	Villaretto
Patron	John the Baptist
- Day	June 24
Website: www.comune.torino.it

Turin (Italian: Torino; Piedmontese: Turin; pronounced [tyɾ'iɳ]) is a major city as well as a business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the right bank of the Po River. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. A stream bed is the channel bottom of a Stream or River or creek the physical confine of the normal water flow The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering The population of the city of Turin is 908,000 (2004 census); its agglomeration totals about 1. In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality 7 million inhabitants, while its metropolitan area has a population of 2. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 2 million inhabitants. ^[2] Turin is well-known as the home of the Shroud of Turin and Juventus FC, headquarters of Fiat and Lancia automobile manufacturers and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. The Shroud of Turin (or Turin Shroud) is a Linen cloth bearing the image of a man who appears to have been physically traumatized in a manner consistent Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer Lancia Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat Group in The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in It has been the capital of the Duchy of Savoy since 1563, then of the Kingdom of Savoy and finally the first capital of a unified Italy. For the early history of Savoy, before it was raised to a duchy see County of Savoy and March of Turin. Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian ^[3]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Roman times 1.2 Middle Ages 1.3 16-18th century 1.4 19th century 1.5 20th century 2 Law and government 3 Districts 4 Geography and climate 5 Demographics 6 Economy 7 Transportation infrastructure 8 Main sights 9 Universities 10 Business School 11 Publishing, journalism and media 12 Sport 12.1 Rowing 12.2 Football 12.3 Olympic Games 12.4 Other international championships hosted 12.5 Other sports 12.5.1 Volleyball 13 Chocolate 14 Nearby towns 15 Notable natives 16 Notable residents 17 International relations 18 References 19 Footnotes 20 External links

History

Roman times

In the first century BC (probably 28 BC), the Romans created a military camp (Castra Taurinorum), later dedicated to Augustus (Augusta Taurinorum). The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was The typical Roman street grid can still be seen in the modern city. Turin reached about 5,000 inhabitants at the time, all living inside the high walls.

Middle Ages

After the fall of the Roman empire the city was conquered by the Lombards, then the Franks of Charlemagne (773); in the 940s the Contea di Torino (or countship) was founded, until 1050 held by the Arudinic dynasty and then, after the marriage of Adelaide of Susa with Humbert Biancamano's son Otto, by the family of the Counts of Savoy. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The county or march of Turin (sometimes march of Susa) was founded in 941 by Hugh of Italy, who appointed Arduin Glaber as its governor Arduin of Ivrea (955 &ndash 1015 was Margrave of Ivrea and self-proclaimed King of Italy. Adelaide of Susa (also Adelheid, Adelais, or Adeline; 1016 &ndash 19 December 1091) was the Marchioness of Turin Humbert I (c 980&ndash1047/1048 was the first Count of Savoy from 1032 when the County of Vienne, which was recently sold to the Archdiocese of Vienne Otto or Oddone in Italian, (1010 or 1020 &ndash c 1057 was Count of Savoy from 1051 (or 1056 until his death The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region While the dignity of count was held by the Bishop as count of Turin (1092-1130 and 1136-1191) it was ruled as a prince-bishopric by the Bishops. A Prince-Bishop is a Bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more Secular principalities usually pre-existent titles of nobility In 1230-1235 it was a lordship under the Marquess of Montferrat, styled Lord of Turin. The Marquises and Dukes of Montferrat were the rulers of a territory in Piedmont south of the Po and east of Turin called Montferrat. At the end of the thirteenth century, when it was annexed to the Duchy of Savoy, the city already had 20,000 inhabitants. For the early history of Savoy, before it was raised to a duchy see County of Savoy and March of Turin. Many of the gardens and palaces were built in the fifteenth century when the city was redesigned. The University was also founded during this period. The University of Turin ( Italian Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO is a University in the city of Turin in the Piedmont region

16-18th century

Emanuele Filiberto (Iron Head) made Turin the capital of the Duchy of Savoy in 1563. Emmanuel Philibert (in Italian Emanuele Filiberto; 8 July 1528 &ndash 30 August 1580) was Duke of Savoy For the early history of Savoy, before it was raised to a duchy see County of Savoy and March of Turin. Piazza Reale, today named Piazza San Carlo and Via Nuova, today called Via Roma were added with the first enlargement of the walls, in the first half of the XVII century; in the same period the Royal palace (Palazzo Reale) was built. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar In the second half of that century, a second enlargement of the walls was planned and executed, with the building of the arcaded Via Po, connecting diagonally through the regular street grid Piazza Castello with the bridge on the Po. In 1706, during the Battle of Turin, the French besieged the city for 117 days without conquering it. Year 1706 ( MDCCVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Battle of Turin took place on 7 September 1706 west of the city of Turin during the War of the Spanish Succession. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. After the subsequent Treaty of Utrecht, the Kingdom of Sardinia was annexed to the Duchy of Savoy and the architect Filippo Juvarra began a major redesign of the city. The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document comprised a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Filippo Juvarra, ( March 7, 1678 - January 31, 1736) was an Italian Architect and Scene Now the capital of a European kingdom, Turin had about 90,000 inhabitants at the time.

19th century

In the nineteenth century, after brief occupation by Napoleon, the city began to actively pursue the unification of Italy. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian In 1871, the Fréjus Tunnel was opened, making Turin an important communication node. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common See also Fréjus Road Tunnel. The Fréjus Rail Tunnel (also called Mont Cenis Tunnel) is a railroad tunnel of 13 The city now had 250,000 inhabitants. The Museo Egizio, the Mole Antonelliana, the Gran Madre church and Vittorio Veneto square were built in this period. The Museo Egizio is a museum in Turin, Italy, specialising in Egyptian Archaelogy and Anthropology. The Mole Antonelliana is a major Landmark of the Italian city of Turin.

In 1861, Turin became the capital of the newly proclaimed United Italy. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1865 the capital was moved to Florence. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany (Since 8 July 1871, the capital has been Rome. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 ) Turin reacted to the loss of importance by beginning a rapid industrialisation: in 1899 Fiat was founded and Lancia in 1906. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Lancia Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat Group in Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Universal Exposition held in Turin in 1902 is often considered the pinnacle of Art Nouveau design, and the city hosted the Exposition again in 1911. The Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna (First International Exposition of Modern Decorative Arts held in Turin, Italy, in 1902 was Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year By this time, Turin had grown to 430,000 inhabitants.

20th century

After World War I, conflicts between workers and industrialists began. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The first strikes took place and in 1920 the Lingotto factory was occupied. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Lingotto is a district of Turin, Italy, but the name is most associated with the Lingotto building on the Via Nizza, which once was a huge

After World War II, Turin was rapidly rebuilt and its industries greatly developed, which caused waves of immigration, largely from the southern regions of Italy. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The population reached 1 million in 1960 and peaked at 1. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 5 million in 1975. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the 1980s, the first industrial crisis hit the city and its population began to decline (and continues to, while the metropolitan area grows). Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) The 2005 population was 908,000. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Law and government

See also: List of mayors of Turin

The mayor of Turin is directly elected every five years. This is a list of mayors of Turin, Italy It includes the mayors ( sindaci) and other heads of the government of Turin since 1848. Sergio Chiamparino, the current mayor, belongs to the center-left coalition. Sergio Chiamparino (born September 1, 1948 in Moncalieri) is the current Mayor of Turin, Italy.

Districts

Turin is divided into 10 municipal districts. These do not necessarily correspond to historical districts in the city.

The following lists the historical districts (named Circoscrizioni) included in the Municipal districts.

• Circoscrizione 1 Centro - Crocetta
• Circoscrizione 2 Santa Rita - Mirafiori Nord
• Circoscrizione 3 San Paolo - Cenisia - Pozzo Strada - Cit Turin - Borgata Lesna
• Circoscrizione 4 San Donato - Campidoglio - Parella
• Circoscrizione 5 Borgo Vittoria - Madonna di Campagna - Lucento - Vallette
• Circoscrizione 6 Barriera di Milano - Regio Parco - Barca - Bertolla - Falchera - Rebaudengo - Villaretto
• Circoscrizione 7 Aurora - Vanchiglia - Sassi - Madonna del Pilone
• Circoscrizione 8 San Salvario - Cavoretto - Borgo Po
• Circoscrizione 9 Nizza Millefonti - Lingotto - Filadelfia
• Circoscrizione 10 Mirafiori Sud

Geography and climate

Turin is located in northwest Italy. Aurora is an historical district in the city of Turin, Italy. It is surrounded on the western and northern front by the Alps and on the southern front by the hills of Monferrato. Montferrat (in Piemontèis, Monfrà; in Italian, Monferrato) is part of the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. Four major rivers pass through the city: the Po and two of its tributaries, the Dora Riparia (later changed to "Duria Minor" by the Romans, from the Celtic duria meaning "water"), the Stura di Lanzo, and the Sangone. The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering The Dora Riparia (Duria minor is an Italian river a left-hand tributary of the Po. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. Stura di Lanzo (Varus is a 65 km long river in north-western Italy ( Piedmont)

Turin has a truly continental climate, with nothing to share with the rest of Italy which is famous for its comfortable Mediterranean climate. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide Winters are cold and dry, summers are cool in the hills and quite hot in the plains. During the winter and autumn months banks of fog, which are sometimes very thick, form in the plains. ^[4]

Weather averages for Turin
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °F (°C)	43 (6)	47 (8)	55 (12)	61 (16)	69 (20)	76 (24)	82 (27)	80 (26)	74 (23)	63 (17)	51 (10)	45 (7)	62 (16)
Average low °F (°C)	28 (-2)	31 (0)	37 (2)	43 (6)	51 (10)	58 (14)	63 (17)	62 (16)	56 (13)	47 (8)	35 (1)	29 (-1)	45 (7)
Precipitation inches (cm)	1. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 6 (4)	1. 6 (4)	2. 6 (6)	3. 8 (9)	4. 6 (11)	3. 6 (9)	2. 3 (5)	2. 6 (6)	2. 8 (7)	3. 4 (8)	2. 9 (7)	1. 9 (4)	33. 7 (85)
Source: Weatherbase[5] 2008

Demographics

The Turin city proper, in 2006, had a population of 900,608, a drop of 0. 2% from the previous year. [4] This was due to a low birth rate (which has climbed by 7% in the past 5 years) and movements into suburban Turin. The greater Turin population was 2,242,775, an increase of 0. 3 percent. This increase was due to internal migration, and a growing number of migrants from Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Like many northern Italian cities, there is a large proportion of pensioners in comparison to youth. Around 18 percent of the population is under 20 years of age while, 22 percent is over 65. [5]

Approximately 5. 77 percent of the population comprised of foreigners the largest numbers coming from Romania: (44,158), Morocco: (22,511), Albania: (9,165), Peru: (7,044), China: (5,483), and Moldova: (3,417). Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania [6]

Economy

Today the city is a major industrial center, where the headquarters of the car company Fiat are located. Generally a company is a form of Business organization. The precise definition varies Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer The city is home to the Lingotto building, which was at one time the largest car factory in the world, and now houses a convention centre, a concert hall, an art gallery, a shopping centre and a hotel. Lingotto is a district of Turin, Italy, but the name is most associated with the Lingotto building on the Via Nizza, which once was a huge Conference centre redirects here For the conference facility in Salt Lake City Utah that is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day A concert hall is a cultural building which serves as performance venue chiefly for classical instrumental music An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis Other companies founded in Turin are Lancia, Pininfarina, Bertone, Sparco, Italdesign, Ghia, Fioravanti, Stola, Intesa Sanpaolo, Superga, Invicta (1821), Lavazza, Martini & Rossi, Kappa and the chocolate factory Caffarel. Lancia Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat Group in See also Battista Farina, founder of the company his son Sergio Pininfarina and grandson Andrea Pininfarina. Gruppo Bertone is an Italian car styling and coachbuilding house which also manufactures cars Sparco SpA is an Italian Auto part and accessory company headquartered in Settimo Torinese, Turin, Italy that specializes in producing items Italdesign-Giugiaro SpA (commonly called Italdesign) is an Automobile design and engineering company in Turin, Italy. Carrozzeria Ghia SpA (established 1915 in Turin) is one of the most famous Italian Automobile design and coachbuilding firms established The stola was the traditional garment of Roman women corresponding to the Toga that was worn by men Intesa Sanpaolo ( is a new banking group resulting from the merger between Banca Intesa and Sanpaolo IMI. Luigi Lavazza ( April 24 1859 - August 16 1949) was an Italian businessman creator of the company of coffee Lavazza in Martini & Rossi is an Italian multinational Alcoholic beverage company primarily associated with the Martini brand of Vermouth and also with Sparkling Kappa is an Italian clothing company that started as a sock and underwear manufacturer in 1916 in Turin. Pierre Paul Caffarel (1801 Turin - 1871 Turin Italian entrepreneur who created the chocolate company of Caffarel

The city is also well known for its aerospace industry (Alenia). Alenia Aeronautica is an Aerospace engineering corporation in Italy, a subsidiary of Finmeccanica. The Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules for the International Space Station were produced in Turin. A Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM is a large pressurized container used on Space Shuttle missions to transfer cargo to and from the International Space Station The future European launcher projects beyond Ariane 5 will also be managed from Turin, by the new NGL company, a subsidiary of EADS (70%) and Finmeccanica (30%). Ariane 5 is a European Expendable launch NGL Prime SpA is a technology company created for the purpose of all activities related to future European launchers which are not related to Ariane 5 or Vega or their The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS NV ( EADS) is a large European aerospace corporation formed by the merger on July 10, Finmeccanica SpA is an Italian conglomerate. Finmeccanica is the second largest industrial group and the largest of the Hi-tech industrial groups based

Turin is also the birthplace of some of the country's main companies, such as Telecom Italia (telecommunications), Rai (television), and cinema. Telecom Italia () is the largest Italian Telephone company. Now a private company it was founded in 1994 by the merger of several state-owned telecommunications Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana, known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane, is the Italian public service broadcaster, and is considered Most of these industries have since moved their headquarters to other parts of Italy, but Turin still retains the National Museum of Cinema (in the Mole Antonelliana building). The Mole Antonelliana is a major Landmark of the Italian city of Turin.

Transportation infrastructure

See also: Gruppo Torinese Trasporti

The town currently has a large number of rail and road work sites. The Gruppo Torinese Trasporti ( GTT) is a Public benefit corporation responsible for Public transportation in the provinces of Turin, Although this activity has increased as a result of the 2006 Winter Olympics, parts of it had long been planned. The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Some of the work sites deal with general roadworks to improve traffic flow, such as underpasses and flyovers, but two projects are of major importance and will change the shape of the town radically.

One is the Spina ("spine") which includes the doubling of a major railroad crossing the town. The railroad previously ran in a trench, which will now be covered by a major boulevard. The town rail station on this line will become the main station of Turin (Porta Susa).

The other major project is the construction of a subway line based on the VAL system, known as Metrotorino. VAL is a type of automatic rubber-tired People mover technology based on an invention by Professor Robert Gabillard ( Université Lille Nord de France This project is expected to continue for years and to cover a larger part of the city, but its first phase was finished in time for the Olympic Games (inaugurated on 4 February 2006 and opened to the public the day after). Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The first leg of the subway system linked the nearby town of Collegno with the Porta Susa station in Turin's town centre; a new leg (inaugurated on 4 October 2007) extends now the service to the 'Porta Nuova' railway station. Collegno is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 9 km west of Turin Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This underground transportation project has historical importance for Turin, as the town has dreamed of an underground line for decades, the first project dating as far back as the twenties. In fact, the main street in the town centre (Via Roma) runs atop a tunnel built during the fascist era (when Via Roma was built). The tunnel was supposed to host the underground line but is now used as an underground car park. A project to build an underground system was ready in the seventies, with government funding for it and for similar projects in Milan and Rome; whilst the other two cities went ahead with the projects, Turin local government led by mayor Diego Novelli shelved the proposal as it believed it to be too costly and unnecessary, but that only meant more funding for Rome and Milan. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The city has an international airport known as Caselle International Airport Sandro Pertini (TRN), located few kilometres from downtown and connected to the city by a railway service (from Dora Station) and a bus service (from Porta Nuova and Porta Susa railway stations). Aeroporto di Torino', also known as Turin Airport or Caselle Airport, is an airport in Turin, Italy.

Main sights

For a complete list of Turin's landmarks, see: Buildings and structures in Turin

The Palatine Towers nowadays, Archaeological Park. The Palatine Towers ( Porte Palatine; Piedmontese: Tor Roman-e) is an ancient Roman -medieval structure in Turin, Italy.

The Mole Antonelliana. The Mole Antonelliana is a major Landmark of the Italian city of Turin.

The Mole Antonelliana. The Mole Antonelliana is a major Landmark of the Italian city of Turin.

The Basilica di Superga near Turin. The Basilica of Superga is a church in the vicinity of Turin.

The Basilica di Superga near Turin. The Basilica of Superga is a church in the vicinity of Turin.

The façade of Palazzo Carignano. Palazzo Carignano is a historical building in the centre of Turin which currently houses the Museum of the Risorgimento.

The Gran Madre Church from the Mole Antonelliana. The Mole Antonelliana is a major Landmark of the Italian city of Turin.

The Gran Madre Church at night.

Sunset on the Po River in Turin

The best known building of the city is the Mole Antonelliana, whose construction began in 1863 and which today houses the National Cinema Museum. The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering The Mole Antonelliana is a major Landmark of the Italian city of Turin. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The Palatine Towers are among the best preserved Roman remains in northern Italy. The Palatine Towers ( Porte Palatine; Piedmontese: Tor Roman-e) is an ancient Roman -medieval structure in Turin, Italy.

The Cathedral of St John the Baptist houses the Shroud of Turin, an old linen cloth with an imprint of a man, which is believed by many to be the cloth that covered Jesus in his grave. Turin Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Torino) dedicated to Saint John the Baptist (Italian San Giovanni Battista) is the major church of Turin The Shroud of Turin (or Turin Shroud) is a Linen cloth bearing the image of a man who appears to have been physically traumatized in a manner consistent Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE)

Nearby is the former royal residence: the seventeenth-century Palazzo Reale, built for Madama Reale Christine Marie of France. Royal Palace of Turin or Palazzo Reale, is a palace in Turin, northern Italy. Christine Marie de France (Maria Cristina di Francia Madama Reale ( February 10 1606 - December 27 1663) was Regent of Savoy between

The Museo Egizio has the most important collection of Egyptian antiquities in the world after the Cairo Museum. The Museo Egizio is a museum in Turin, Italy, specialising in Egyptian Archaelogy and Anthropology. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, known commonly as the Egyptian Museum, in Cairo, Egypt, is home to the most extensive collection of Ancient

Turin has buildings of great historical and architectural interest: the Savoy Residences. The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy is a group of structures in Turin and its province, in Piedmont (northern Italy) In addition to the Royal Palace (the official residence of the Savoys until 1865) there are many palaces, residences and castles in the city centre and in the surrounding towns. Turin is home to Palazzo Chiablese, the Royal Armoury, the Royal Library, Palazzo Madama, Palazzo Carignano, Villa della Regina, and the Valentino Castle. Palazzo Madama e Casaforte degli Acaja is a palace in Turin, northern Italy. Palazzo Carignano is a historical building in the centre of Turin which currently houses the Museum of the Risorgimento.

The complex of the Residences of the Royal House of Savoy in Turin and in the nearby cities of Rivoli, Moncalieri, Venaria Reale, Agliè, Racconigi, Stupinigi, Pollenzo and Govone was declared in 1997 a World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy is a group of structures in Turin and its province, in Piedmont (northern Italy) Moncalieri is a town of approximately 55000 inhabitants about nine kilometers south of Turin (to whose province it belongs in Piedmont, Italy Venaria Reale is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 8 km northwest of Agliè is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 km north of Racconigi is a town of Piedmont, Italy, in the Province of Cuneo, 40 km south of Turin, and 50 km north of Cuneo by rail Stupinigi, with some 200 inhabitants is today a Frazione of the commune of Nichelino, in the Province of Turin ( Piedmont The ancient town of Pollentia on the left bank of the Tanaro is known today as Pollenzo, a Frazione of Bra in the Province Govone is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 km southeast of Turin A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16

Its gardens include the Orto Botanico dell'Università di Torino, a historic botanical garden. The Orto Botanico dell'Università di Torino (26 hectares is a Botanical garden and Arboretum operated by the Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale of the Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes

In the hills overlooking the city is the basilica church of Superga, providing a view of Turin against a backdrop of the snow-capped Alps. The Basilica of Superga is a church in the vicinity of Turin. The basilica holds the tombs of many of the dukes of Savoy, as well as many of the kings of Sardinia. Superga can be reached by means of the Superga Rack Railway from the suburb of Sassi. The Superga Rack Railway (or Sassi-Superga Railway) is a Mountain railway line in the city of Turin in Italy.

Universities

• University of Turin
• Polytechnic University of Turin

Business School

• (ESCP-EAP European School of Management)

Publishing, journalism and media

After Alexandria, Madrid, New Delhi, Antwerp and Montreal, Turin was chosen by UNESCO as World Book Capital for the year 2006. The University of Turin ( Italian Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO is a University in the city of Turin in the Piedmont region The Polytechnic University of Turin ( Italian: Politecnico di Torino, POLITO is an Engineering University based in Turin. The ESCP-EAP European School of Management (acronym from French École supérieure de commerce de Paris–École européenne des affaires) is a top ranking international Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 World Book Capital is a title bestowed by UNESCO to a city in recognition of the quality of its programs to promote Books and reading and the dedication The International Book Fair is one of the most important fairs of its kind in Europe. The Turin International Book Fair ( Italian Fiera internazionale del libro) is Italy 's largest Trade fair for books held annually in mid-May in

Turin is home to one of Italy's principal national newspapers, La Stampa, and the sports daily newspaper Tuttosport. La Stampa (literally “The Press” is one of the best-known and most widely sold Italian daily Newspapers Published in Turin, it is distributed Tuttosport is an Italian national sports newspaper based in Turin which has been published since 30 July 1945. The city is also served by other publications such as the Turin edition of Metro. Metro International is a Swedish media company based in Luxembourg that publishes the Metro newspapers

RAI has had a production centre in Turin since 1968. Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana, known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane, is the Italian public service broadcaster, and is considered

Sport

Rowing

Turin was the city where the FISA (international rowing federation) was born in 1892. The Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron, or FISA for short is the International Rowing Federation which is the governing body for

Football

The city is famous for two football teams: Juventus F.C. (founded 1897), and Torino F.C. (founded 1906). Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Torino Football Club 1906, commonly referred to as simply Torino, is an Italian professional football club based in Turin, Piedmont These squads play in the oldest derby in Italy: the Derby della Mole or Derby of Torino ^[6]. In many countries the term local derby, or simply just derby (pronounced 'dur-bee' in American English and 'dar-bee' in British English after the city of Derby Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Derby della Mole, known in English as the Turin Derby is the local derby played out between the city's two most successful teams Juventus FC and Torino F

Juventus is Italy's most successful team, and one of the most prestigious ^[6] and successful in the world ^[6]. Football is the most popular sport in Italy. The Italian national football team has won the Football World Cup four times (1934 1938 This page details football records in Italy. Team records Most championships won Overall 27 Juventus Consecutives The torinese side, world's sixth club with the most official international titles ^[7], was the first team in football history ^[8] -and only at present- to have won all official international championships and cups for clubs ^[9] recognized by one of the six regional confederations (UEFA ^[10] in this case) and by FIFA ^[8]. Below is a list of clubs with the most international titles won in the World, and in each Continent (since a top 3 to top 10 recognized by one of the six "continental" This page indexes the individual year in Association football pages This page indexes the individual year in Association football pages A football team or a football club, in football (soccer is the collective name given to a number of players who play together in a Football game be it Association The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football) The Union of European Football Associations (Union des associations européennes de football is the administrative and controlling body for European football. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football)

In 1949, a plane carrying the whole Torino F.C. team (at that time the most important in Italy and known as the Grande Torino) Superga air disaster hit the back side of the Basilica of Superga, in the Turin hills. Torino Football Club 1906, commonly referred to as simply Torino, is an Italian professional football club based in Turin, Piedmont Torino Football Club 1906, commonly referred to as simply Torino, is an Italian professional football club based in Turin, Piedmont The Superga air disaster took place on Wednesday May 4, 1949, when a plane carrying almost the entire Torino A The Basilica of Superga is a church in the vicinity of Turin. Valentino Mazzola (one of the best Italian players of all times), father of Ferruccio and Sandro Mazzola (who were later to become football champions) was among those who perished in the crash. Valentino Mazzola ( January 26, 1919 - May 4, 1949) was an Italian footballer and captain of the legendary Grande Torino Alessandro ("Sandro" Mazzola (born 8 November 1942 is an Italian former football player

Olympic Games

Turin was the host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in

Other international championships hosted

1934	1934 European Championships in Athletics
1959	I Summer Universiade
1970	VI Summer Universiade
2005	Figure Skating European Championship
2006	37th Chess Olympiad; World Fencing Championship [11] Host city for the Winter Olympic Games
2007	Winter Universiade Games
2008	23rd European Rhythmic Gymnastics (Calisthenics) Championships
2008	11th European and Mediterranean Indoor Archery Championships: Torino 2008
2009	World Air Games
2009	IAAF European Indoor Championships in Athletics
2010	Figure Skating World Championship

^[12][13]

Other sports

Volleyball

The C. The 1st European Championships in Athletics were staged at the Stadio Comunale in Turin, Italy from September 7 to September The 1959 Summer Universiade, also known as the I Summer Universiade, took place in Turin, Italy. The 1970 Summer Universiade, also known as the VI Summer Universiade, took place in Turin, Italy. The 37th Chess Olympiad, comprising an open and women's tournament and the General assembly of the Fédération Internationale des Échecs, took place Fencing is the art of armed Combat involving Cutting, Stabbing, or slapping bludgeoning Weapons directly manipulated by hand The 2007 Winter Universiade, the XXIII Winter Universiade, took place in Turin, Italy from January 17 to January 27, 2007 Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which single competitors or pairs trios or even more (generally five manipulate one or two apparatus rope, hoop, ball Archery is the practice of using a bow or Crossbow to shoot Arrows Archery has historically been used in Hunting and Combat and has World Air Games (WAG is an international Air sports event organized by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (International Aeronautical Federation - FAI inspired U. S. Torino volleyball team won 4 times the domestic league and, in season 1979/80 the Volleyball European Champion's Cup. It was the first team from western Europe to win this competition. In the 1990s, the team had been dismantled due to economical issues.

Chocolate

Turin is the birth place of solid chocolate. It was in Turin that, at the end of the 18th century, Mr. Doret invented a revolutionary machine that could make solid chocolate (as opposed to drinking chocolate). Turin chocolate firms produce a typical chocolate, called Gianduiotto, named after Gianduja, a local Commedia dell'arte mask; plus many other kinds of chocolate. Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree The Gianduiotto ( Piem, Giandojòt) is a Piedmontese chocolate whose shape is similar to an upturned boat Commedia dell'Arte ( Italian: "the comedy of artists" is a form of Improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century Every year the town organizes CioccolaTÒ, a two-week chocolate festival run with the main Piedmontese chocolate producers, such as Venchi and others, as well as some big international companies, such as Lindt & Sprüngli. Venchi is an Italian gourmet Chocolate manufacturer founded by artisan chocolatier Silvano Venchi Lindt & Sprüngli, more commonly known as Lindt, is a Swiss premium Chocolate and confectionery company

Nearby towns

Turin is surrounded by several smaller cities in the Province of Turin such as Grugliasco, Rivoli, Chivasso, Venaria, Settimo Torinese, Orbassano, Moncalieri, Avigliana, Buttigliera Alta, Gassino Torinese, Nichelino, Collegno, Pino Torinese, Chieri, Ciriè, Ivrea, Pinerolo, Borgaretto and others, that make up one of Italy's primary metropolitan areas. Grugliasco is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 9 km west of Turin Rivoli is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 14 km west of Turin Chivasso is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 km northeast of Venaria Reale is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 8 km northwest of Settimo Torinese is a Comune in the Province of Torino, in Piedmont. Orbassano is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 15 km southwest of Moncalieri is a town of approximately 55000 inhabitants about nine kilometers south of Turin (to whose province it belongs in Piedmont, Italy Avigliana is a town and Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, with c Buttigliera Alta is a town and commune of approximately 6800 inhabitants located about 25 km from Turin in the Susa valley in Piedmont, Italy. Gassino Torinese is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 12 km northeast Nichelino is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 8 km southwest of Collegno is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 9 km west of Turin Pino Torinese is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 6 km southeast of Chieri is a town in the Province of Turin, Piedmont ( Italy) located about 11 km southeast of Turin (15 km by rail and 13 km by road Ivrea is a town and commune of the Province of Turin in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. Pinerolo is a Town and commune in north-western Italy, 40 kilometres southwest of Turin on the river Chisone.

Notable natives

• Giovanni Agnelli (1866-1945), founder of Fiat. Giovanni Agnelli ( 13 August 1866 - 16 December 1945) was an Italian entepreneur who founded Fiat car manufacturing in 1899
• Edoardo Agnelli (1892-1935) industrialist, director of FIAT and Juventus F.C.'s president. Edoardo Agnelli ( January 2 1892 - July 14 1935) was an Italian Industrialist and principal family shareholder of Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer
• Gianni Agnelli (1921-2003), influential chairman, director of FIAT and Juventus F.C.'s president. Giovanni Agnelli, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( March 12, 1921 – January 24, 2003) better known as Gianni Agnelli, was Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer
• Umberto Agnelli (1934-2004) industrialist, director of FIAT and Juventus F.C.'s president. Umberto Agnelli ( November 1 1934 – 27 May 2004) was an Italian Entrepreneur and Politician. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer
• Giuliano Amato (born 1938), politician, former Prime Minister of Italy. Giuliano Amato (born May 13, 1938) is an Italian politician He was Prime Minister of Italy twice first from 1992 to 1993 and then
• Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856), physicist. Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e di Cerreto, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto was an Italian Savant. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion.
• Alessandro Baricco (born 1958), writer. Alessandro Baricco (born January 25, 1958, in Turin) is a popular Italian writer director and performer
• Fred Buscaglione (1921-1960), singer and songwriter. Ferdinando "Fred" Buscaglione ( Turin, 23 November 1921 - Rome, 3 February 1960) was an Italian
• Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti (1719-1789), critic. Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti ( April 24, 1719 - May 5, 1789) was an Italian literary critic born at Turin.
• Camillo Benso, count of Cavour, politician (Italian unification). Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso Conte di Cavour, Conte di Isolabella e Leri ( August 10 1810 &ndash June Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian
• Roberto Bettega, former footballer and manager. Roberto Bettega (born 27 December 1950 is an Italian former footballer
• Norberto Bobbio (1909-2004), historian and philosopher. Norberto Bobbio ( Turin October 18, 1909 &ndash Turin January 9, 2004) was an Italian philosopher of law and
• Giampiero Boniperti, former footballer and Juventus F.C.'s president. Giampiero Boniperti (born July 4 1928 in Barengo, Piedmont) is an Italian former football player who played his entire career at Juventus
• Gianpiero Combi (1902-1956), former footballer. Gianpiero Combi ( November 20, 1902 – August 12, 1956) was one of Italian football 's greatest Goalkeepers 1934 World Cup champion. The 1934 FIFA World Cup was the second World Cup staged and was hosted in Italy from 27 May to 10 June
• Arturo Brachetti
• Carla Bruni (born 1968), singer, model and wife of French president Nicolas Sarkozy. Arturo Brachetti, born in Turin, Italy on the 13th of October 1957 is an Italian Quick-change artist Carla Bruni-Sarkozy (born Carla Gilberta Bruni Tedeschi, 23 December 1967 is an Italian-born naturalized French songwriter singer and former model. Nicolas Sarkozy (pronounced,
• Pierre Paul Caffarel (1795-1850), founder of the first chocolate factory in the world. Pierre Paul Caffarel (1801 Turin - 1871 Turin Italian entrepreneur who created the chocolate company of Caffarel
• Antonio Benedetto Carpano (1764-1815), inventor of vermouth and apéritif. Antonio Benedetto Carpano, (1764 Turin -1815 Turin was an Italian distiller famous for having invented the Vermouth and consequently the Apéritif Vermouth (also spelled vermuth) is a Fortified wine flavored with aromatic Herbs and spices ("aromatized" in the trade using closely-guarded recipes An apéritif (also spelled aperitif) is an alcoholic drink that is usually served to stimulate the appetite before a meal
• Leo Chiosso (1920-2006), lyricist, songwriter with Fred Buscaglione. Leo Chiosso (b Turin, 8 August 1920 &ndash d Chieri, Italy, 26 November 2006) was an Italian Ferdinando "Fred" Buscaglione ( Turin, 23 November 1921 - Rome, 3 February 1960) was an Italian
• Robert Fano (1917-2004), engineer. Robert Mario Fano (born 1917 as Roberto Mario Fano) is an Italian - American computer scientist currently professor emeritus of Electrical
• Galileo Ferraris (1847-1897), physicist and electrical engineer. Galileo Ferraris ( October 30, 1847 – February 7, 1897) was an Italian Physicist and Electrical engineer, noted mostly
• Piero Gobetti (1901-1926), intellectual. Piero Gobetti ( June 19, 1901 – February 15, 1926) was an Italian journalist intellectual and radical liberal
• Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813), mathematician.
• Vincenzo Lancia (1881-1937), sportsman and businessman, founder of Lancia. Vincenzo Lancia ( Fobello August 24 1881 – Turin February 15 1937 Lancia Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat Group in
• Luigi Lavazza (1859-1949), inventor and coffee businessman. Luigi Lavazza ( April 24 1859 - August 16 1949) was an Italian businessman creator of the company of coffee Lavazza in CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom
• Carlo Levi (1902-1975), painter and writer. Carlo Levi ( November 29, 1902 &ndash January 4, 1975) was an Italian - Jewish painter, Writer,
• Primo Levi (1919-1987), chemist, philosopher, Holocaust survivor and writer. Primo Michele Levi ( July 31, 1919 &ndash April 11, 1987) was a Jewish Italian Chemist, Holocaust survivor The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as
• Salvador Edward Luria (1912-1991), winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Salvador Edward Luria ( August 13, 1912 &ndash February 6, 1991) was an Italian -born American microbiologist
• Alessandro Martini (1812-1905), vermouth businessman. Alessandro Martini (1812 &ndash 1905 was an Italian businessman founder of one of the most important Vermouth companies in the world Martini & Rossi
• Mau Mau (formed 1991), rock band. Mau Mau is an Italian band from Turin. It was formed in 1991 as a continuation of the underground cult group I Loschi Dezi.
• Davide Rossi (1970) violinist, string arranger (Goldfrapp, Coldplay). Davide Francesco Rossi (born 7 August 1970 in Turin, Italy) is a Violinist, String Arranger, Composer and a Goldfrapp are a British Electronic music group known for their visual theatrics and contribution to the popularization of Electronic dance music. Coldplay TalkColdplay#Is_or_Are_dispute_again
• Carlo Mollino (1905-1973), architect and designer. Carlo Mollino ( May 6, 1905 - August 27, 1973) was an Italian Architect and Designer.
• Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909), winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Rita Levi-Montalcini (born April 22, 1909) Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI is an Italian neurologist who together with colleague
• Adriano Olivetti (1901-1960), businessman. Adriano Olivetti ( 11 April 1901, Ivrea – 27 February 1960, on a train from Milan to Lausanne) was an
• Carlo Parola (1921-2000), former footballer. Carlo Parola ( 20 September 1921 - 22 March 2000) was an Italian football player and coach from Turin. He's considered to be one of the inventors of the bicycle kick in Italy. A bicycle kick, chalaca, chilena, overhead kick, or scissors kick is a move in football (soccer which is made by throwing the body Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
• Giuseppe Peano (1858-1932), mathematician. Giuseppe Peano ( August 27, 1858 &ndash April 20, 1932) was an Italian Mathematician, whose work was of exceptional
• Aurelio Peccei (1908-1984), founder of the Club of Rome. Aurelio Peccei ( July 4, 1908 - March 14, 1984) was an Italian scholar and industrialist best known as the founder and first president of the The Club of Rome is a global Think tank that deals with a variety of international political issues
• Gabry Ponte, DJ member of Eiffel 65. Gabry Ponte (Gabriele Ponte born in Moncalieri on April 20, 1973 is an Italian DJ best known for his membership in the Italian dance Eiffel 65 was an Italian Eurodance / Italodance three-piece group formed in the late 1990s and best known for their international hit " Blue
• Vittorio Pozzo (1886-1968), former Italian national football team coach, 1934 and 1938 FIFA World Cup winner. Vittorio Pozzo ( March 2 1886 in Turin, Piedmont, Italy &ndash Ponderano ( Biella) December 21 The Italian national football team is controlled by the Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC and represents Italy in international football competition The 1934 FIFA World Cup was the second World Cup staged and was hosted in Italy from 27 May to 10 June The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the third staging of the World Cup and was held in France from June 4 to June 19.
• Tullio Regge (born 1931), physicist
• Piero Sraffa (1898-1983), economist. Tullio Regge (born July 11 1931 in Turin) is an Italian physicist. Piero Sraffa (1898-1983 was an influential Italian Economist whose book Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities is taken as founding the
• Subsonica (formed 1996), rock band. Subsonica is an Italian Rock band that was formed in 1996. Their eponymous debut album debuted at the end of 1996
• Massimo Taparelli, marquis d'Azeglio (1798-1866), statesman, novelist and painter. Massimo Taparelli marquis d'Azeglio ( October 24, 1798 - January 15, 1866) was an Italian Statesman, Novelist
• Umberto Tozzi (1952), singer. Umberto Tozzi (born March 4, 1952) is an Italian pop / rock singer and composer born in Turin.
• Gianni Vattimo (1936), philosopher. Gianteresio Vattimo, also known as Gianni Vattimo (born January 4, 1936) is an internationally recognized Italian Author, Philosopher
• Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (1820-1878), King of Piedmont and the first King of the united Italy. Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy.

Notable residents

Main article: List of people associated with Turin

• Alessandro Del Piero (born 1974), footballer. List of people associated with the city of Turin, and its environs: (in alphabetical order A Alessandro Del Piero, Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI (born November 9 1974 in Conegliano Veneto) is an Italian World Cup -winning footballer A footballer is a person who plays in various games known as " Football " &ndash especially Association football, although the term is also used to refer
• Edmondo de Amicis (1846-1908), novelist, journalist, and short-story writer. Edmondo De Amicis ( October 21, 1846 &mdash March 11, 1908) was an Italian novelist journalist poet and short-story writer
• St. John Bosco (1815-1888), Catholic priest, educator and recognized pedagogue. Saint John Bosco (born 'Giovanni Melchiorre Bosco' and known in English as Don Bosco ( August 16 1815 &ndash January 31 1888 Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete".
• Francesco Faà di Bruno (1825-1888), mathematician and priest. Francesco Faà di Bruno ( 29 March, 1825 – 27 March, 1888) was an Italian Mathematician and Priest, born
• Italo Calvino (1923-1985), journalist and writer. Italo Calvino ( October 15, 1923 &ndash September 19, 1985) (ˈiːtalo kalˈviːno was an Italian journalist and writer of short
• Gaspare Campari (1828), drink maker. Gaspare Campari (born in 1828 in Cassolnovo, Lombardy) was an Italian drink maker
• Francesco Cirio (1836-1900), businessman. Francesco Cirio (1836&ndash1900 was an Italian businessman and the inventor of canned vegetables and meat
• Renato Dulbecco (born 1914), he won a 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Renato Dulbecco (born February 22, 1914) is an Italian virologist who won a 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on Reverse transcriptase Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute.
• Umberto Eco (born 1932), medievalist, semiotician, philosopher, literary critic and novelist. Umberto Eco (born 5 January 1932 is an Italian Medievalist, semiotician, Philosopher, literary critic and Novelist, best In academic usage medievalism is the study of the Middle Ages, also referred to as medieval studies. Semiotics, semiotic studies, or semiology is the study of sign processes (semiosis or signification and communication signs and Symbols both Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Literary criticism is the study discussion evaluation and interpretation of Literature. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story
• Luigi Einaudi (1874-1961), politician and economist. Luigi Einaudi, Cavaliere di Gran Croce decorato di Gran Cordone OMRI ( March 24 1874 - October 30 1961) was an Italian A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person
• Desiderius Erasmus ^[14][15] (1466/1469-1536), Dutch humanist and theologian. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Renaissance Humanism was a European intellectual movement beginning in Florence in the last decades of the 14th century Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective
• Guido Fubini (1879-1942), Mathematician. Guido Fubini ( January 19, 1879 - June 6, 1943) was an Italian Mathematician, best known for Fubini's theorem A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics.
• Natalia Ginzburg (1916-1991), writer. Natalia Ginzburg née Levi ( July 14, 1916, Palermo &mdash October 7, 1991, Rome) was an Italian author A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms
• Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), writer, politician and political theorist, founding member and onetime leader of the Communist Party of Italy. Antonio Gramsci ('ɡramʃi ( January 23, 1891 &ndash April 27, 1937) was an Italian Philosopher, Writer, A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person This is a list of political philosophers, including some who may be better known for their work in other areas of philosophy The Communist Party of Italy (Partito Comunista d’Italia was an Italian Political party which existed from 1921 to 1926
• Primo Levi (1919-1987), chemist, philosopher, Holocaust survivor and writer. Primo Michele Levi ( July 31, 1919 &ndash April 11, 1987) was a Jewish Italian Chemist, Holocaust survivor The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as
• Cesare Lombroso (1836-1909), criminologist and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology. Cesare Lombroso, born Ezechia Marco Lombroso ( November 6, 1835 – October 19, 1909) was a Jewish Italian A criminologist is often defined as someone who studies the Etiology of Crime, criminal behavior types of crime and social cultural and media reactions to crime The Italian school of criminology was founded at the end of the 19th century by Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909 and two of his Italian disciples Enrico Ferri (1856–1929
• Claudio Magris (born 1939) scholar, translator, writer and Italian senator. Claudio Magris (b April 10 1939, Trieste) is an Italian scholar translator and writer The Italian Senate ( Italian: Senato della Repubblica, 'Senate of the Republic' is the Upper house of the Parliament of Italy.
• Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821), French-speaking Savoyard lawyer, diplomat, writer, and philosopher. Joseph-Marie Comte de Maistre (1 April 1753- 26 February 1821 was a French-speaking Savoyard lawyer diplomat writer and philosopher French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people For the two French départements of the region of Savoy see Savoie and Haute-Savoie Savoy ( French
• Giulio Natta (1903-1979), chemist, won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963. Giulio Natta ( February 26 1903, Imperia - Bergamo, 2 May 1979) was an Italian Chemist, who won A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of Chemistry. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), German philosopher. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language
• Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923), French-Italian sociologist, economist and philosopher. Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto (vil'fredo pa'reto July 15, 1848 – August 19, 1923) or Fritz Wilfried Pareto, was an Italian This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" An economist is an expert in the Social science of Economics. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language
• Cesare Pavese (1908-1950), poet, novelist, literary critic and translator. Cesare Pavese ( September 9, 1908 &ndash August 27, 1950) was an Italian Poet, Novelist, literary critic and A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose"
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), French philosopher. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
• Emilio Salgari (1862-1911), writer. Emilio Salgari (correctly salˈgaːɾi but often erroneously; August 21, 1862 – April 25, 1911) was an Italian writer of A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms
• Ascanio Sobrero (1812-1888), chemist. Ascanio Sobrero ( October 12 1812 &ndash May 26 1888) was the Italian Chemist, born in Casale Monferrato, who A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry.
• Germain Sommeiller (1815-1871), civil engineer. Germain Sommeiller ( February 15, 1815 - July 11, 1871) was a civil engineer from Savoy. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built
• Gianni Vattimo (born 1936), author, philosopher, and politician. Gianteresio Vattimo, also known as Gianni Vattimo (born January 4, 1936) is an internationally recognized Italian Author, Philosopher
• Elio Vittorini ^[16] (1908-1966), writer and novelist. Elio Vittorini ( July 23, 1908 - February 12, 1966) was an Italian Writer and Novelist

International relations

Twin cities:

European Chambéry, France [17] Cologne, Germany [17] Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxemburg [17] Glasgow, United Kingdom [17] Liège, Belgium [17] Lille, France [17] Rotterdam, Netherlands [17]

Americas Campo Grande, Brazil [17] Córdoba, Argentina [17] Detroit, USA [17] Quetzaltenango, Guatemala [17] Salt Lake City, USA [17]

Asia Gaza, Palestinian National Authority [17] Haifa, Israel [17] Nagoya, Japan [17] Shenyang, China [17]

Collaboration accords with:

Bacău, Romania [17] Barcelona, Spain [17] Lyon, France [17] Cannes, France [17] Gwangju, South Korea [17] Harbin, China [17] Shenzhen, China [17] Vancouver, Canada [17] Zlin, Czech Republic [17]

References

• This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. Chambéry (Ciamberì or Sciamberì) is the capital of the department of Savoie, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Esch-sur-Alzette (Esch-Uelzecht Esch-an-der-Alzette or Esch-an-der-Alzig, Esch-sur-Alzette is a commune with city status, in south-western Luxembourg Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Liège (ljɛːʒ Older English: Luick, Walloon: Lidje, German: Lüttich; Latin: Leodium, Dutch The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Lille (lil Rijsel is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in the country This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Rotterdam (pronounced) is the 2nd-largest City by population in the Netherlands, located in the province of The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Campo Grande (lit Big Field) is the Capital of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in the center-west region of Brazil. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Córdoba, abbreviated as CBA, is a city located near the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas mountains on the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Quetzaltenango is the second most populous city of Guatemala, after Guatemala City. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Bacău (in Romanian: /ba'kəw/ is the main city in Bacău County, Romania. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Cannes (kan in Occitan Canas) is a city in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Gwangju Metropolitan City is the sixth largest city in South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː ( Russian Kharbin) is a Sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Shenzhen is a city of sub-provincial administrative status in southern China's Guangdong province situated immediately China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This article is on the city See also Zlin aircraft brand Zlín (zliːn formerly Gottwaldov ('gotvaldof is a city in the Zlín The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia

Footnotes

External links

• The official institutional site — website version is in Italian - Also some pages in English, German, Spanish, French, Romanian, Arabic, and Albanian
• Turismo Torino The official tourist guide, available in English, Italian, French, Spanish and German. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco -
• Encyclopaedia Britannica, Turin
• Turin 2006 Olympic Games — English, Italian and French. Website version is in Italian.
• CityMayors article.
• Winter Universiade Torino 2007 — English, Italian and French. Website version is Italian.
• Torino Film Festival
• International Book Fair.
• National Cinema Museum of Italy.
• Postcards from Turin.
• Turin and the Gates of Hell - Interview with Dr Leo Ruickbie.
• WorldStatesmen- Italy

Preceded by Montreal

World Book Capital 2006

Succeeded by Bogotá

Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec World Book Capital is a title bestowed by UNESCO to a city in recognition of the quality of its programs to promote Books and reading and the dedication Bogotá —officially named Bogotá DC (DC for " Distrito Capital " which means "Capital District" formerly called Santa Fe de Bogotá

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