| Tu-22 | |
|---|---|
 Tu-22 at the Monino AF Museum |
|
| Type | Medium bomber |
| Manufacturer | Tupolev |
| Maiden flight | 21 June 1958 |
| Introduced | 1962 |
| Retired | 1990s |
| Primary users | Soviet Air Force Ukrainian Air Force Libyan Air Force Iraqi Air Force |
| Produced | 1960-1969 |
| Number built | 311 |
| Variants | Tupolev Tu-22M |
The Tupolev Tu-22 (NATO reporting name Blinder) was a Soviet jet supersonic bomber and reconnaissance aircraft. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts Tupolev ( Туполев) is a Russian aerospace and defence company headquartered in Moscow. The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1958: Events Gulfstream Aerospace founded in Savannah Georgia, USA This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1962: Events January US Army CH-21 Shawnees are dispatched to The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы ( Voenno-Vozdushnye The Ukrainian Air Force (Повітряні Сили України Povitryani Syly Ukrayiny) is a part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The Libyan Air Force (القوات الجوية الليبية - Al Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Libiyya) is the air force of Libya, with an air force personnel estimated The Iraqi Air Force or IQAF (Arabic Al Quwwa al Jawwiya al Iraqiya القوة الجوية العراقية is the military branch in Iraq responsible This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1960: Events January January 1 - Fiji Airways is reconstituted This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1969: Events The Canadian Snowbirds Aerobatic team is formed WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Tupolev ( Туполев) is a Russian aerospace and defence company headquartered in Moscow. NATO reporting names are unclassified Code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc ( Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw pact The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 specific --->A jet engine is a Reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet of Fluid to A bomber is a Military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets primarily by dropping Bombs on them Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing Aircraft that is in the current employ of a Military power
Contents |
Development
The Tu-22 was originally intended as a supersonic replacement for the Tupolev Tu-16 bomber. For other uses see Supersonic. The term supersonic is used to define a speed that is over the Speed of sound ( Mach 1 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The design, designated Samolët 105 by Tupolev, was drawn in 1954, but the first flight of the prototype did not take place until 21 June 1958. Tupolev ( Туполев) is a Russian aerospace and defence company headquartered in Moscow. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1954: Events January January 10 - BOAC Flight 781, a De A prototype is an original type form or instance of something serving as a typical example basis or standard for other things of the same category Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The availability of more powerful engines, and the TsAGI discovery of the Area rule for minimizing transonic drag, led to the construction of a revised prototype, the 105A. TurboJET (噴射飛航 is the brand name for the operations of the Hong Kong -based Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited (信德中旅船務管理有限公司 TsAGI is a transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т ( ЦАГИ) or " Ts The Whitcomb area rule, also called the transonic area rule, is a design technique used to reduce an Aircraft 's drag at Transonic and Supersonic Transonic is an Aeronautics term referring to a range of velocities just below and above the Speed of sound (about mach 0 In Fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called fluid resistance) is the force that resists the movement of a Solid object through a Fluid (a This first flew on 7 September 1959. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1959: Events Unknown The Canadian Golden Hawks aerobatic team
The first serial-production Tu-22B bomber, built at Kazan Factory No. Kazan (Каза́нь Казан tt Qazan) is the capital city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, and one of Russia's largest cities 22, flew on 22 September 1960, and the type was presented in the Tushino Aviation Day parade on 9 July 1961. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1961: Events February February 1 - Trans-Canada Air Lines become It initially received the NATO reporting name 'Bullshot,' which was deemed inappropriate, then 'Beauty,' which was felt to be too complimentary, and finally 'Blinder. NATO reporting names are unclassified Code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc ( Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw pact ' Soviet crews called it "shilo" (awl) because of its shape.
The Tu-22 entered service in 1962 and 1963, but it experienced considerable problems, leading to widespread inserviceability and a number of crashes. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1962: Events January US Army CH-21 Shawnees are dispatched to This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1963: Events January January 7 - Aeroflot commences direct Amongst its many faults was a tendency for skin heating at supersonic speed, distorting the control rods and causing poor handling. The landing speed was 100 km/h (62 mph) higher than previous bombers and the Tu-22 had a tendency to pitch up and strike its tail on landing. The undercarriage sometimes collapsed with serious consequences, particularly when carrying a fueled missile. Even after some of its teething problems had been resolved, the 'Blinder' was never easy to fly, and it was maintenance-intensive. Throughout its career, the Tu-22 was exceptionally unpopular with both ground personnel and flight crews, who on certain occasions in the 1960s refused to fly it.
By the time the Tu-22B (Blinder-A) entered service it was already clear that its operational usefulness was limited. Despite its speed, it was inferior to the Tu-16 in combat radius, weapon load, and serviceability. Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev felt that ballistic missiles were the way of the future, and bombers like the Tu-22 were in danger of cancellation. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following A ballistic missile is a Missile that follows a Sub-orbital ballistic flightpath with the objective of delivering a warhead to a predetermined target As a result, only 15 (some sources say 20) Tu-22Bs were built.
A combat-capable reconnaissance version, the Tu-22R ('Blinder-C'), was developed alongside the bomber, entering service in 1962. Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1962: Events January US Army CH-21 Shawnees are dispatched to The Tu-22R had an aerial refueling probe that was subsequently fitted to most Tu-22s, expanding their radius of operation. Aerial refueling, also called air refueling, in-flight refueling ( IFR) air-to-air refueling ( AAR) or tanking, is 127 Tu-22Rs were built, 62 of which went to the AVMF for maritime reconnaissance use. The Soviet Navy ( Russian: Военно-морской флот СССР Voyenno-morskoy flot SSSR, literally "Naval military forces of the USSR" was Some of these aircraft were stripped of their camera and sensor packs and sold for export as Tu-22Bs, although in other respects they apparently remained more comparable to the Tu-22R than to the early-production Tu-22Bs. A trainer version of the 'Blinder,' the Tu-22U ('Blinder-D') was fielded at the same time, with a raised cockpit for an instructor pilot. The Tu-22U had no tail guns, and was not combat-capable. 46 were produced.
To try to salvage some offensive combat role for the Tu-22 in the face of official hostility, the Tu-22 was developed as a missile carrier, the Tu-22K ('Blinder-B'), with the ability to carry a single Raduga Kh-22 (AS-4 'Kitchen') stand-off missile in a modified weapons bay. A missile (see also pronunciation differences) is a self-propelled explosive Projectile used as a weapon towards a target The Raduga Kh-22 ( NATO reporting name AS-4 ' Kitchen') is a large long-range Anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union. The Tu-22K was deployed both by DA (Strategic Aviation) and AVMF (Naval Aviation).
The last Tu-22 subtype was the Tu-22P ('Blinder-E') electronic warfare version, initially used for ELINT electronic intelligence gathering. Electronic warfare ( EW) is the use of the Electromagnetic spectrum to effectively deny the use of this medium by an adversary while optimizing its use by friendly Some were converted to serve as stand-off ECM jammers to support Tu-22K missile carriers. Electronic Countermeasures ( ECM') are a subsection of Electronic warfare which includes any sort of electrical or electronic device designed to trick One squadron was usually allocated to each Tu-22 regiment.
The Tu-22 was upgraded in service with more powerful engines, in-flight refueling (for those aircraft that didn't have it initially), and better electronics. The -D suffix (for dalni, long-range) denotes aircraft fitted for aerial refueling. Aerial refueling, also called air refueling, in-flight refueling ( IFR) air-to-air refueling ( AAR) or tanking, is
Tu-22s were exported to Iraq and Libya in the 1970s. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. An Egyptian request was turned down after the cooling of Soviet-Egyptian relations in the wake of the Yom Kippur War. The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום
Design
The Tu-22 has a 55° swept wing. A swept-wing is a wing Planform common on high-speed Aircraft, with the wing swept back instead of being set at right angles to the Fuselage. The two large turbojet engines, originally the Dobrinin VD-7M, later the Kolesov RD-7M2, are mounted atop the rear fuselage on either side of the large vertical fin. TurboJET (噴射飛航 is the brand name for the operations of the Hong Kong -based Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited (信德中旅船務管理有限公司 Continuing a Tupolev OKB trademark, the main landing gear are mounted in pods at the trailing edge of each wing. In Aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure (usually wheels that supports an Aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi The highly swept wings gave low drag at transonic speeds, but led to very high landing speeds and a long take-off run. In Fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called fluid resistance) is the force that resists the movement of a Solid object through a Fluid (a
The Tu-22's cockpit placed the pilot forward, offset slightly to the left, with the weapons officer behind and the navigator below, within the fuselage. The cockpit design was abominable, with very poor visibility (doing nothing for the 'Blinder's' poor runway performance), uncomfortable seats and poor location of instruments and switches.
The Tu-22's defensive armament, operated by the weapons officer, consisted of a tail turret beneath the engine pods containing one or two AM-23 23 mm cannon, each with 250 rounds of ammunition. In Architecture, a turret (from Italian: torretta, little tower Latin: turris, tower is a small Tower that The Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 is a Soviet Cannon widely used in Military aircraft of the The turret was directed by a small PRS-3A 'Argon' gun-laying radar to compensate for the weapons officer's lack of rear visibility. Gun laying is the process of aiming an Artillery piece The term is also applied to describe the process of aiming smaller calibre weapons by radar or computer control Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships The bomber's main weapon load was carried in a fuselage bomb bay between the wings, capable of carrying up to 24 FAB-500 general-purpose bombs, one FAB-9000 bomb, or various free-fall nuclear weapons. A general-purpose bomb is an air-dropped Bomb intended as a compromise between blast damage penetration and fragmentation in explosive effect On the Tu-22K, the bay was reconfigured to carry a single Raduga Kh-22 (AS-4 'Kitchen') missile semi-recessed beneath the fuselage. The Raduga Kh-22 ( NATO reporting name AS-4 ' Kitchen') is a large long-range Anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union. The enormous weapon was big enough to have a substantial effect on handling and performance, and it was also a safety hazard.
The early Tu-22B had an optical bombing system (which was retained by the Tu-22R), with a Rubin-1A nav/attack radar. The Tu-22K had the Leinents PN (NATO reporting name 'Down Beat') to guide the Kh-22 missile. The Tu-22R could carry a camera array or an APP-22 jammer pack in the bomb bay as an alternative to bombs. Some Tu-22Rs were fitted with the Kub ELINT system, and later with an underfuselage palette for M-202 Shompol side-looking airborne radar, as well as cameras and an infrared line-scanner. Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of A small number of Tu-22K were modified to Tu-22KP or Tu-22KPD configuration with Kurs-N equipment to detect enemy radar systems and give compatibility with the Kh-22P anti-radiation missile. The Raduga Kh-22 ( NATO reporting name AS-4 ' Kitchen') is a large long-range Anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union. An anti-radiation missile (ARM is a Missile which is designed to detect and home in on an enemy radio emission source
Operational history
The Libyan Arab Republic Air Force (LARAF) used the Tu-22 in combat against Tanzania in 1979, striking the town of Mwanza on 29 March 1979 to help its Ugandan allies. Al Taqaddum Airbase ((قاعدة التقدم الجوية) or Al Taqaddum AB, (Called TQ in military shorthand slang is an Airbase that For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Mwanza is a city in northwest Tanzania and a southern Port of Lake Victoria. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) The Libyan aircraft were subsequently used in Chad, with strikes into western Sudan and Chad. Chad (Tchad تشاد Tshād) officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a Landlocked country in Central Africa. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Chad (Tchad تشاد Tshād) officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a Landlocked country in Central Africa. For instance, on 17 February 1986, in retaliation for the French Operation Èpervier (which had hit the runway of the Libyan Ouadi Doum Airbase one day earlier), a single LARAF Tu-22B attacked the French airfield at the Chadian capital N'Djamena. Operation Epervier (Operation Sparrowhawk) is the Codename for the current French military presence in Chad. N'Djamena (ənʤəˈmeɪnə Arabic Niǧāmīnā نجامينا population 721000 (2005 is the Capital city of Chad. Staying under French radar coverage by flying low over the desert for more than 700 miles, it accelerated to over Mach 1, climbed to 5,030 meters and dropped three heavy bombs. Despite the considerable speed and height, the attack was extremely precise: two bombs hit the runway, one demolished the taxiway, and the airfield remained closed for three days as a consequence. At least one bomber was reported shot down by surface-to-air missiles during a bombing attack on an abandoned Libyan base at Aouzou on 8 August 1987. A surface to air missile ( SAM) or ground-to-air missile ( GTAM) is a Missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy Aircraft Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) One eyewitness report suggests that the pilot ejected but his parachute was seen on fire. Another "Blinder" was lost on the morning of 7 September 1987, when two Tu-22Bs conducted a strike against N'Djamena. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) This time, French air defenses were ready and a battery of MIM-23 I-Hawk SAMs shot down one of the bombers. Search parties found the cockpit section of the aircraft, with three dead East German crew members still strapped in their seats. This raid meant the last involvement of the Tupolev Tu-22 in the Libyan-Chadian conflict.
Iraq used its Tu-22s in the Iran-Iraq War from 1980 to 1988, losing about seven of its twelve aircraft in combat, including one shot down by an Iranian SAM over Tehran, and a second shot down by an Iranian Grumman F-14 Tomcat. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Two were destroyed at an Iraqi base due to undeclared reason at mid eighties and one was destroyed at H3 base October 1980 during faulty landing (all crew and few others were killed). Iraq moved some of its Tu-22's to Yemen for a few days and the aircraft returned back to Iraq during October 1980. Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya Iraq evacuated its Tu-22 to western base H3 in the early days of the war.
The only Soviet combat use of the Tu-22 took place in 1988, during the Soviet war in Afghanistan. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1988: Events January January 26 - the French defence ministry approves full-scale The Soviet war in Afghanistan, also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or just the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, was a nine-year conflict involving Radar-jamming Tu-22PD aircraft covered Tu-22M bombers operating in Afghanistan near Pakistan border, protecting strike aircraft against Pakistani air defence activity. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and
The Tu-22 was gradually phased out of Soviet service in favor of the more-capable Tupolev Tu-22M. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout At the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union there were 154 remaining in service, but none are now believed to be flying. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 More than 70 were lost in various operational accidents.
Most of the Iraqi aircraft that survived the Iran-Iraq war were destroyed in the 1991 Gulf War. Libyan aircraft are probably now unserviceable because of a lack of spare parts.
Variants
A total of 311 Tu-22s of all variants were produced, the last in 1969. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1969: Events The Canadian Snowbirds Aerobatic team is formed Production numbers were following: 15 of bomber version (B), about 127 of reconnaissance versions (R, RD, RK, RDK and RDM), 47 of ELINT versions (P and PD), 76 of missile carriers (K, KD, KP and KPD) and 46 of training versions (U and UD).
- Tu-22B (Blinder-A)
- Original free-fall bomber variant. A bomber is a Military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets primarily by dropping Bombs on them Only 15 built, ultimately used mostly for training or test purposes.
- Tu-22R (Blinder-C)
- Reconnaissance aircraft, retaining bombing capability. Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information
- Tu-22RD
- Version of Tu-22R with refueling equipment.
- Tu-22RK
- Reconnaissance aircraft, retaining bombing capability and fitted with Kub ELINT systems in the 1970s. Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970.
- Tu-22RDK
- Version of Tu-22RK with refueling equipment.
- Tu-22RDM
- Upgraded reconnaissance version, converted from earlier RD aircraft in the early 1980s, with instruments in a detachable container. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989.
- Tu-22P (Blinder-E)
- Electronic warfare/ELINT version. Electronic warfare ( EW) is the use of the Electromagnetic spectrum to effectively deny the use of this medium by an adversary while optimizing its use by friendly
- Tu-22PD
- Version of Tu-22P with refueling equipment.
- Tu-22K (Blinder-B)
- Missile-carrier version built from 1965, equipped to launch the Raduga Kh-22 (AS-4 Kitchen) missile. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1965: Events January January 2 - Denis Healey, the UK's Secretary The Raduga Kh-22 ( NATO reporting name AS-4 ' Kitchen') is a large long-range Anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union.
- Tu-22KD
- Version of Tu-22K with refueling equipment.
- Tu-22KP
- Electronic warfare / bomber version, introduced circa 1968, carrying the Kh-22P anti-radiation missile. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1968: Events January January 21 - a US Air Force B-52 Stratofortress An anti-radiation missile (ARM is a Missile which is designed to detect and home in on an enemy radio emission source
- Tu-22KPD
- Version of Tu-22KP with refueling equipment.
- Tu-22U (Blinder-D)
Trainer version. A trainer is an Aircraft used to develop piloting navigational or war-fighting skills in flight crew
- Tu-22UD
- Version of Tu-22D with refueling equipment.
Operators
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- Iraqi Air Force received 12 aircraft. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. The Iraqi Air Force or IQAF (Arabic Al Quwwa al Jawwiya al Iraqiya القوة الجوية العراقية is the military branch in Iraq responsible
All Soviet Union Tu-22 aircraft were passed to successor states: Russia and Ukraine. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab The Libyan Air Force (القوات الجوية الليبية - Al Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Libiyya) is the air force of Libya, with an air force personnel estimated Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Russian Air Force ( Russian: Военно-воздушные cилы России transliteration: Voyenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii) is the air force Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Ukrainian Air Force (Повітряні Сили України Povitryani Syly Ukrayiny) is a part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Specifications (Tu-22R)
General characteristics
- Crew: three - pilot, navigator, weapons officer
- Length: 41. The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы ( Voenno-Vozdushnye Soviet Naval Aviation ( Авиация военно-морского флота in Russian, or Aviatsiya Voenno-Morskogo Flota, literally "aviation 60 m (136 ft 5 in)
- Wingspan: 23. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 17 m (76 ft 0 in)
- Height: 10. 13 m (33 ft 3 in)
- Wing area: 162 m² (1,742 ft²)
- Empty weight: kg (lb)
- Loaded weight: 85,000 kg (187,390 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 92,000 kg (202,400 lb)
- Powerplant: 2× Dobrynin RD-7M-2 turbojets
- Dry thrust: rated 107. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off TurboJET (噴射飛航 is the brand name for the operations of the Hong Kong -based Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited (信德中旅船務管理有限公司 9 kN (24,250 lbf) each
- Thrust with afterburner: 161. The AfterBurner is a lighting solution for the Game Boy Advance system that was created by Triton-Labs 9 kN (36,376 lbf) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 1,510 km/h (938 mph)
- Range: 4,900 km (3,045 mi)
- Service ceiling 13,300 m (40,540 ft)
- Rate of climb: m/s (ft/min)
- Wing loading: 525 kg/m² (107 lb/ft²)
- Thrust/weight: 0. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions In Aerodynamics, the rate of climb RoC is the speed at which an Aircraft increases its Altitude. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing Thrust-to-weight ratio is as its name suggests the ratio of instantaneous Thrust to Weight (where weight means weight at the Earth ’s surface 38
Armament
- Guns: 1× AM-23 23 mm cannon in tail turret
- Bombs: 9,000 kg (20,000 lb) or
- Missiles: 1× Kh-22 (AS-4 'Kitchen') cruise missile
See also
Related development
Comparable aircraft
References
External links
The Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 is a Soviet Cannon widely used in Military aircraft of the In Architecture, a turret (from Italian: torretta, little tower Latin: turris, tower is a small Tower that The Raduga Kh-22 ( NATO reporting name AS-4 ' Kitchen') is a large long-range Anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layoutDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic