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Public Stock Company Tupolev
Type Public
Founded 1922
Headquarters Moscow, Russia
Industry Aerospace and defense
Products Commercial airliners
Military aircraft
Website Tupolev.ru

Tupolev (Russian: Туполев) is a Russian aerospace and defence company, headquartered in Moscow. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the The arms industry is a global Industry and Business which Manufactures and sells Weapons and Military technology and equipment. In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Officially known as Public Stock Company Tupolev, it is the successor of the famed Tupolev OKB or Tupolev Design Bureau (OKB-156, design office prefix Tu) headed by the renowned Soviet aerospace engineer A.N. Tupolev. OKB is a transliteration of the Russian acronym for "Опытное конструкторское бюро" - Opytnoe Konstructorskoe Byuro, meaning Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev (Андрей Николаевич Туполев November 10 1888 &ndash December 23 1972 was a pioneering Soviet Aircraft designer The company celebrated its 80th anniversary on October 22, 2002. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Russian government is planning to merge Tupolev with Mikoyan, Ilyushin, Irkut, Sukhoi, and Yakovlev as a new company named United Aircraft Corporation. JSC "RSK "MiG" or Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG in full (formerly Mikoyan or Mikoyan-i-Gurevich Design Bureau, Микоян Ilyushin (Илью́шин or Ilyushin Design Bureau is a Russian Design bureau and Aircraft Manufacturer (design office prefix Irkut () refers to the Irkutsk Aviation Industrial Association,it was setup in 1932 in the Transbaykal region in the Russian Federation. Sukhoi ( Сухой) is a major Russian manufacturer famous for its fighters AS Yakovlev Design Bureau JSC is a Russian aircraft designer and manufacturer (design office prefix Yak) United Aircraft Corporation (UAC in Russian: О бъединённая а виастроительная к орпорация (OAK is a Russian [1]

Contents

Introduction

The capabilities of PSC Tupolev include development, manufacturing and overhaul for both civil and military aerospace products such as aircraft and weapons systems. It is also active in missile and naval aviation technologies. A missile (see also pronunciation differences) is a self-propelled explosive Projectile used as a weapon towards a target Naval Aviation is the application of manned military air power by navies More than 18,000 Tupolev aircraft were produced for the USSR and the Eastern Bloc. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were

History

Tupolev OKB was founded by Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev in 1922. Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev (Андрей Николаевич Туполев November 10 1888 &ndash December 23 1972 was a pioneering Soviet Aircraft designer Its facilities are tailored for aeronautics research and aircraft design only, manufacturing is handled by other firms. Aeronautics (from Greek aero which means air or sky and nautis which means sailor i It undertook research on all-metal airplanes in the 1920s. Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft.

Tupolev ANT-20 Maxim Gorky, the largest airplane of the 1930s, was used for Stalinist propaganda.
Tupolev ANT-20 Maxim Gorky, the largest airplane of the 1930s, was used for Stalinist propaganda. The Tupolev ANT-20 (also known as the Maxim Gorky) ( Туполев АНТ-20 "Максим Горький" in Russian) was a Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people

Among its notable results during the period was the heavy bomber, where Tupolev's design approach defined for many years the trends of heavy aircraft development, civil and military.

In World War II, the twin-engined, all-metal Tu-2 'Bat' was one of the best front-line bombers of the Soviets. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Several variants of it were produced in large numbers from 1942. During the war it used wooden rear fuselages due to a shortage of metal.

In 1945,three Boeing B-29 Superfortresses landed in Soviet territory after missions over Japan. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. They were quickly copied by the design bureau and formed the basis of the first Soviet intercontinental strategic bomber, the Tu-4 'Bull' ("Bull" was its NATO reporting name), which first flew in 1947 and was produced in substantial numbers. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout NATO reporting names are unclassified Code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc ( Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw pact The Tu-4 proved critical to Tupolev's postwar development, with many of its most important subsequent aircraft leveraging off of the reverse-engineering of the Boeing aircraft. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E

This was followed by the development of the jet-powered Tu-16 'Badger' bomber, based on an enlarged version of the B-29/Tu-4 fuselage, which used a sweptback wing for good subsonic performance. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

As turbojets were not fuel efficient enough to provide truly intercontinental range, the Soviets elected to design a new bomber, the Tu-20 'Bear', more commonly referred to as the Tu-95. TurboJET (噴射飛航 is the brand name for the operations of the Hong Kong -based Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited (信德中旅船務管理有限公司 InterConinental is a brand of upscale luxury Hotels originally founded by Pan Am, under Juan Trippe, and now owned by InterContinental Hotels Group WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It, too, was based on the fuselage and structural design of the Tu-4, but with four colossal Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprop engines providing a unique combination of jet-like speed and long range. Kuznetsov ( OKB-276) was a Soviet design bureau for Aircraft engines led by Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A turboprop engine is a type of aircraft powerplant that uses a Gas turbine engine to drive a Propeller. It became the definitive Soviet intercontinental bomber, with intercontinental range and jet-like performance. In many respects the Soviet equivalent of the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, it served as a strategic bomber and in many alternate roles, including reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare. A strategic bomber is a heavy type Aircraft designed to drop large amounts of ordnance onto a distant target for the purposes of debilitating an enemy's Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information Anti-submarine warfare (ASW or in older form A/S is a branch of Naval warfare that uses surface Warships Aircraft, space craft or other Submarines

The Tu-16 was developed into the civil Tu-104 'Camel', which was for some time the only jet-powered airliner flying following the temporary grounding of the De Havilland Comet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Tu-95 became the basis of the unique Tu-114 'Cleat' medium-to-long-range airliner, the fastest turboprop aircraft ever. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout One common feature found in many large subsonic Tupolev jet aircraft is large pods extending rearward from the trailing edge of the wings, holding the aircraft's landing gear. The trailing edge of a Wing is the rear edge of the wing where the airflow separated by the Leading edge rejoins after passing over and under the top and bottom surfaces In Aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure (usually wheels that supports an Aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi These allow the aircraft to have landing gears made up of many large low-pressure tires, which are invaluable for use on the poor quality runways that were common in the Soviet Union at the time. This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires. A runway ( RWY) is a strip of land on an Airport, on which Aircraft can take off and land. For example the Tu-154 'Careless' airliner, the Soviet equivalent of the Boeing 727 has 14 tyres, the same number as Boeing's far larger 777-200. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Even before the first flights of the Tu-16 and Tu-20/Tu-95, Tupolev was working on supersonic bombers, culminating in the unsuccessful Tu-98 'Backfin'. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Although that aircraft never entered service, it became the basis for the prototype Tu-102 (later developed into the Tu-28 'Fiddler' interceptor) and the Tu-105, which evolved into the supersonic Tu-22 'Blinder' bomber in the mid-1960s. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout An interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of Fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy Aircraft, particularly WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Intended as a counterpart to the Convair B-58 Hustler, the 'Blinder' proved rather less capable, although ironically it remained in service far longer than the American aircraft. The Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, commonly known as Convair, was a US aerospace development and manufacturing complex of the 1940s and later WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Meanwhile the "K" Department was formed in the Design Bureau, with the task of designing unmanned aircraft such as the Tu-139 and the Tu-143 unmanned reconnaissance aircraft.

Tu-144 supersonic airliner
Tu-144 supersonic airliner

The 1960s saw the ascendance of A. N. Tupolev's son, A. A. Tupolev. Alexei Andreyevich Tupolev (Алексе́й Андре́евич Ту́полев May 20, 1925 &ndash May 12, 2001) was a Soviet His role includes the development of the world's first supersonic airliner, the Tu-144 'Charger', the popular Tu-154 'Careless' airliner and the Tu-22M 'Backfire' strategic bomber. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A strategic bomber is a heavy type Aircraft designed to drop large amounts of ordnance onto a distant target for the purposes of debilitating an enemy's All these developments enabled the Soviet Union to achieve strategic military and civil aviation parity with the West.

In the 1970s, Tupolev concentrated its efforts on improving the performance of the Tu-22M bombers, whose variants included maritime versions. It is the presence of these bombers in quantity that brought about the SALT I and SALT II treaties. Also the efficiency and performance of the Tu-154 was improved, culminating in the efficient Tu-154M.

Tu-160, the last of the Soviet bombers
Tu-160, the last of the Soviet bombers

In the 1980s the design bureau developed the supersonic Tu-160 'Blackjack' strategic bomber. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Features include variable-geometry wings. A Variable-sweep wing is an Aeroplane Wing that may be swept back and then returned to its original position during flight The Tu-160 is comparable to its U. S. equivalent, the Rockwell (Now Boeing IDS B-1B Lancer, but the disintegration of the Soviet Union slowed its development, and many early problems were never adequately corrected. Rockwell International was the ultimate incarnation of a series of companies under the sphere of influence of Willard Rockwell, who had made his fortune after the invention and WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Post Soviet times

With the end of the Cold War, research work was concentrated on subsonic civil aircraft, mainly on operating economics and alternative fuels. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The developments include fly-by-wire, use of efficient high-bypass turbofans and advanced aerodynamic layouts for the 21st century transport aircraft such as the Tu-204/Tu-214, Tu-330 and Tu-334. Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Tupolev Tu-330 is a modern medium transport aircraft of the Russian airplane manufacturer Tupolev PSC The Tupolev Tu-334 is a Russian short to medium range Airliner currently under development to replace the aging Tu-134s and

Among current Tupolev projects:

Tupolev Tu-154M.
Tupolev Tu-154M. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Directors

Tupolev aircraft

Many designs have come out from the design bureau. Those in production series may have runs up to 4,500 as in Tu-2. However many are also dead-ends or experimental, with as little as a single copy being produced. They were killed by changing military or political situations. Many of these experimental variants pave the way for series production versions. In the West, Soviet aircraft are better known by their NATO code-names, shown where applicable.

Early piston-powered

Experimental airplanes

Bombers and other military types

Interceptors

Airliners/transport

Unmanned aircraft

Planned Aircraft

See also

References

  1. ^ "Russian Aircraft Industry Seeks Revival Through Merger. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Tupolev Tu-143 Reys (Flight or Trip Рейс was a Soviet Reconnaissance drone. Tupolev Tu-143 Reys (Flight or Trip Рейс was a Soviet Reconnaissance drone. Tupolev Tu-143 Reys (Flight or Trip Рейс was a Soviet Reconnaissance drone. The PAK DA (or PAK-DA is a next generation Strategic bomber which is being developed by Russia. The Tupolev Tu-2000 was a planned long-range heavy Bomber designed by the Tupolev design bureau This list of aircraft is sorted alphabetically beginning with the name of the manufacturer (or in certain cases designer This list of the military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS includes experimental prototype and operational types regardless of " The New York Times. February 22, 2006. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

External links

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