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This article is about the Uruguayan guerrilla group. For the Peruvian guerrilla group, see Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. The Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement ( Spanish: Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA was a Communist guerrilla movement
Tupamaros National Liberation Movement
Tupamaros National Liberation Movement

Tupamaros, also known as the MLN (Movimiento de Liberación Nacional or National Liberation Movement), was an urban guerrilla organization in Uruguay in the 1960s and 1970s. Urban guerrilla redirects here For the Hawkwind song see Urban Guerrilla. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America The MLN is inextricably linked to its most important leader, Raúl Sendic, and his brand of social politics. Raúl Sendic Antonaccio ( March 16 1926 - April 28 1989) was a prominent Uruguayan Marxist

Contents

Creation

The Tupamaro movement was named after the Inca revolutionary Túpac Amaru II. The Inca Empire (or Inka Empire) was the largest empire in Pre-Columbian America. Túpac Amaru II (José Gabriel Túpac Amaru b March 19, 1742 in Tinta Cusco, Peru &ndash executed in Cusco May 18, 1781 Its origins lie in the union between the Movimiento de Apoyo al Campesino (Peasant Support Movement) and the members of trade unions funded by Sendic in poverty-stricken rural zones. It grew in proportion to the ascending powers of Uruguay's military, which culminated in a notoriously oppressive dictatorship between 1973 and 1984. This is about the History of Uruguay. See also the History of South America.

The movement began by staging the robbing of banks, gun clubs and other businesses in the early 1960s, then distributing stolen food and money among the poor in Montevideo. Montevideo (monteβi'ðeo is the largest city the capital and chief port of Uruguay. It took as slogan "Words divide us; action unites us" [1].

At the beginning, it abstained from armed actions and violence; they have always made clear about not being a guerrilla group but a political movement; the eventual use of violent means would be made according to strategy and possibilities. In June 1968, President Jorge Pacheco, trying to suppress labour unrest, enforced a state of emergency and repealed all constitutional safeguards. Jorge Pacheco Areco ( November 8, 1920 – July 29, 1998) was a Uruguayan Politician and member of the Colorado Party The government imprisoned political dissidents, used torture during interrogations and brutally repressed demonstrations. The Tupamaro movement engaged then in political kidnappings, "armed propaganda" and assassinations. Of particular note are the kidnapping of powerful bank manager Pereyra Rebervel and of the British ambassador to Uruguay, Geoffrey Jackson, as well as the assassination of Dan Mitrione, the FBI agent alleged to have taught techniques of torture to police forces in various Latin American countries. Sir Geoffrey Holt Seymour Jackson, KCMG ( March 4, 1915 — October 1, 1987) was a British Diplomat and Daniel A Mitrione ( August 4, 1920 &ndash August 10, 1970) was an Italian-born American Police officer, A very close friend to President Jorge Pacheco, the banker Pereyra Rebervel was highly unpopular, having "once killed a newsboy for selling a paper attacking him. Jorge Pacheco Areco ( November 8, 1920 – July 29, 1998) was a Uruguayan Politician and member of the Colorado Party " He was released four days later, unharmed but a bit fatter. According to Langguth, the "poor in Montevideo were quoted as joking, 'Attention, Tupamaros! Kidnap me!'" [1].

The peak of the Tupamaros was in 1970 and 1971. During this period they made liberal use of their Cárcel del Pueblo (or People's Prison) where they held those that they kidnapped and interrogated them, without using torture, before making the results of these interviews public. In 1971 over 100 imprisoned Tupamaros escaped the Punta Carretas prison. In the same year, in an uncleared episode, Pascasio Báez, a rural laborer that accidentally discovered one of their hideouts was killed.

Nonetheless, the movement was hampered by a series of events including important strategic gaffes and the betrayal of high-ranking Tupamaro Héctor Amodio Pérez, and the army's counteroffensive, which included the Escuadrón de la Muerte (Death squad), police officers who were granted repressive powers to deal with Tupamaros. A death squad is an armed Squad that kills civilians terrorists or guerillas

Along with police forces trained by the US Office of Public Safety (OPS), the Uruguayan military unleashed a bloody campaign of mass arrests and selected disappearances, dispersing those guerrillas who were not killed or arrested. For the Public Safety agency see: Department of Public Safety The Office of Public Safety (OPS was a US government agency, established in 1957 by Their usage of torture was particularly effective, and by 1972 the MLN had been severely weakened. Its principal leaders were imprisoned under terrible conditions for the next 12 years.

Despite the diminished threat, the civilian government of Juan María Bordaberry ceded government authority to the military in July, 1973 in a bloodless coup that led to further repression against the population and the suppression of all parties. Juan María Bordaberry Arocena is a Uruguayan statesman and Cattle rancher, who served as President from 1972 to 1976. The following month, the Tupamaros formed the Revolutionary Coordinating Junta with other leftwing groups pursuing urban guerrilla warfare in the Southern Cone. The Revolutionary Coordinating Junta or JCR ( Junta Coordinadora Revolucionaria) was an alliance of leftist South American guerrilla Urban guerrilla redirects here For the Hawkwind song see Urban Guerrilla. The following year, various South American regimes responded with the collaborative, international counterinsurgency campaign known as Operation Condor. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a See also Insurgency In the context of an occupation or a Civil war, counter-insurgency (abbreviated COIN is a military term for the combat For other uses of Operation Condor please see Operation Condor (disambiguation Operation Condor (Operación Cóndor Operação Condor was a campaign

List of attacks

Transition to democracy

After democracy was restored to Uruguay in 1985, the Tupamaros returned to public life as part of a political party, the Movimiento de Participación Popular (Movement of Popular Participation). The fictional truth drug Hyoscine-pentothal does not describe real pentothal accurately Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The Movement of Popular Participation ( Movimiento de Participación Popular) is a Uruguayan Political party. Today the party comprises the largest single group within the ruling left-wing Frente Amplio coalition. The Broad Front or FA (in Spanish: Frente Amplio) is a Uruguayan Centre-left Political party.

Raúl Sendic died in 1989 of Charcot disease. Raúl Sendic Antonaccio ( March 16 1926 - April 28 1989) was a prominent Uruguayan Marxist Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS, sometimes called Maladie de Charcot, or in the United States Lou Gehrig's Disease) is a progressive

After the Frente Amplio's electoral victory of 31 October 2004, two old-time Tupamaros, José Mujica and Nora Castro, became presidents of the two Chambers of the Congress. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " José Alberto Mujica Cordano ( Montevideo, May 20 1934) Uruguayan Senator and Ex-Minister of Livestock Agriculture and Fisheries of Uruguay

References

  1. ^ a b A. J. Langguth's Hidden Terrors (Pantheon Books, 1978 Chapter 4)

See also

External links

Philip Burnett Franklin Agee ( July 19, 1935 &ndash January 7, 2008) was a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA Case officer Many organizations that are accused of being a terrorist organization deny using Terrorism as a Military tactic to achieve their goals and there is no international
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