| Tunis تونس |
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  Tunis
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country | Tunisia |
| Governorates | Tunis Governorate |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | Abbes Mohsen |
| Area | |
| - Total | 212. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. |||} Tunisia is divided into 24 Governorates Ariana Béja Ben Arous Bizerte Gabès Tunis Governorate (ولاية تونس is one of the twenty-four governorates (provinces of Tunisia. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 63 km² (82. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi) |
| Population (2007) | |
| - Total | 728,453 |
| - Density | 3,425. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km² (8,873/sq mi) |
| [1] | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Website: commune-tunis.gov.tn | |
Tunis (Arabic: تونس, Tūnis) is the capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis Governorate, with a population of 728,453 in 2004. Habib Bourguiba (حبيب بورقيبة Ḥabīb Būrqība ( August 3, 1903 &ndash April 6, 2000) was a Tunisian statesman and the Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Tunis Governorate (ولاية تونس is one of the twenty-four governorates (provinces of Tunisia. Informal estimates state that the population of greater Tunis approaches two million. It is Tunisia's largest city.
Situated on a large Mediterranean gulf, (the Gulf of Tunis), behind the Lake of Tunis and the port of La Goulette (Halq al Wadi), the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. Gulf of Tunis (خليج تونس is a large gulf in northeastern Tunisia. The Lake of Tunis ( البحيرة El Bahira, 'Lac de Tunis' is a natural Lagoon located between the Tunisian capital city of Tunis La Goulette (حلق الوادي Halq al Wadi) is the port of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. At the centre of more modern development (colonial era and post) lies the old medina. A medina quarter (المدينة العتيقة is a distinct city section found in many North African cities Beyond this section lie the suburbs of Carthage, La Marsa, and Sidi Bou Said.
The medina is found at the centre of the city: a dense agglomeration of alleys and covered passages, full of intense scents and colours, boisterous and active trade, a surfeit of goods on offer ranging from leather to plastic, tin to the finest filigree, tourist souvenirs to the works of tiny crafts-shops. A medina quarter (المدينة العتيقة is a distinct city section found in many North African cities
Just through the Sea Gate (also known as the Bab el Bahr and the Porte de France), begins the modern city, or Ville Nouvelle, transversed by the grand Avenue Bourguiba (considered by many to be the Tunisian Champs-Élysées), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller older structures. The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (ʃɑ̃zeliˈze) is the most prestigious avenue in Paris. As the capital city of the country Tunis is the center of Tunisian commercial activity, as well as focus of political and administrative life in the country. The expansion of the Tunisian economy in the last decades is reflected in the booming development of the outer city where one can see clearly the social challenges brought about by rapid modernization in Tunisia.
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Geography
Tunis is located in north-eastern Tunisia on the Lake of Tunis, and is connected to the Mediterranean sea's Gulf of Tunis by a canal which terminates at the port of La Goulette / Halq al Wadi. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. The Lake of Tunis ( البحيرة El Bahira, 'Lac de Tunis' is a natural Lagoon located between the Tunisian capital city of Tunis Gulf of Tunis (خليج تونس is a large gulf in northeastern Tunisia. La Goulette (حلق الوادي Halq al Wadi) is the port of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. La Goulette (حلق الوادي Halq al Wadi) is the port of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. The ancient city of Carthage is located just north of Tunis along the coastal part. Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers Tunis is located at ().
History
Early history
In the 2nd millennium BC a town, originally named Tunes, was founded by Berbers and also over time occupied by Numidians. The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The Numidians were semi-nomadic Berber tribes who lived in Numidia, in Algeria east of Constantine and in part of Tunisia and Morocco In the 9th century BC, the city was taken over by Phoenicians from Carthage. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers The Berbers took control of Tunis in 395 BC but it was soon lost when Agathocles invaded Africa and established his headquarters there. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. Agathocles (361-289 BC ( Greek name Αγαθοκλής ( Agathokles) derived from αγαθός ( agathos) good and When Agathocles left Africa, the Carthaginians took control of the city once again.
In 146 BC, the Romans destroyed Tunis (along with Carthage). The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the However, the city was subsequently rebuilt under the rule of Augustus and became an important town under Roman control and the center of a booming agricultural industry. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was
Islamic Control
It was not until the 7th century, after the final destruction of Carthage, that the city achieved its own importance under the control of Arab Muslims. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion It was at this time that the medina of Tunis was first built. A medina quarter (المدينة العتيقة is a distinct city section found in many North African cities
From the 12th century to the 16th century, the old city was controlled by the Almohad and the Hafsid Berber dynasties. The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i Hafsid was a dynasty ruling Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) from 1229 to 1574. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. During this time, Tunis was one of the richest and grandest cities in the Islamic world, with a population of about 100,000. The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings
Ottoman rule and piracy
The Ottoman Empire took nominal control of the city in 1534 when Barbarossa Hayreddin captured it from the Hafsid Sultan, Mulai Hassan. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha ( Turkish: Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa or Hızır Hayreddin Paşa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the Mulai Hassan fled to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Charles, who suffered at the hands of the corsairs operating out of Djerba, Tunis and Algiers, agreed to reinstate Mulai-Hassan in exchange for an acceptance of Spanish suzerainty by Mulai-Hassan. Corsairs were French Privateers from the north-western French port of St-Malo, located on the northern coast of Brittany. Djerba (also transliterated as Jerba, Jarbah or Girba جربة is with its 514 km² the largest Island off North Africa Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest A naval expedition led by Charles himself was dispatched in 1535 and the city was quickly recaptured. The Conquest of Tunis was an attack on Tunis, then under the control of the Ottoman Empire, by the Spanish Empire in 1535 The victory against the corsairs is recorded in a tapestry at the Royal Palace of Madrid. The resulting protectorate lasted until the Ottomans retook Tunis in 1574. After 1591, the Ottoman governors (Beys) were relatively independent and piracy and trade continued to flourish. Bey is a Turkish title for "chieftain" traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups
In April 1655, English Admiral Robert Blake was sent to the Mediterranean to extract compensation from states that had been attacking English shipping. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Robert Blake (1599 — August 17, 1657) was one of the most important military commanders of the Commonwealth of England, and one of the most famous Only the Bey of Tunis refused to comply, with the result that Blake's 15 ships attacked the Bey's arsenal at Porto Farina (Ghar el Melh), destroying nine Algerian ships and two shore batteries, the first time in naval warfare that shore batteries had been taken out without landing men ashore.
European colonialism
The French occupied the city from 1881 to 1956 having established a protectorate system of administration that recognized the nominal authority of local government. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect In those years there were huge European colonies (like the Tunisian Italians) in Tunis and the city experienced a great expansion with the creation of new boulevards.
During World War II, Tunis was held by Axis forces from November 1942 to May 1943, and was their last base in Africa. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries
Modern history
The Arab League was headquartered in Tunis from 1979 to 1990. The Arab League ( الجامعة العربية) officially called the League of Arab States ( جامعة الدول العربية The Arab League, which represents 22 Arab nations, transferred its headquarters to Tunis in 1979 because of Egypt's peace with Israel but headquartered back in Egypt since 1990.
The Palestine Liberation Organization also had its headquarters in Tunis, from 1970s to 2003. The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary In 1985, the PLO's headquarters was bombed by the Israeli Air Force, killing approximately 60 people. Operation Wooden Leg (מבצע רגל עץ Mivtza Regel Etz) was the Israeli Codename for an Israeli Air Force raid on the Palestine The Israeli Air Force ( IAF; Hebrew: זרוע האויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm" commonly known as חיל
Landmarks
The medina
The medina of Tunis has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The medina contains some 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, mausoleums, madrasas and fountains dating from the Almohad and the Hafsid periods. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger A mausoleum ( plural: mausolea is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. These ancient buildings include
- the Great Mosque (including the Muslim University and library)
- Aghlabid Ez-Zitouna Mosque ("Mosque of the Olive") built in 723 by Obeid Allah Ibn-al-Habhab to celebrate the new capital.
- the Dar-al-Bey, or Bey's Palace, comprises architecture and decoration from many different styles and periods and is believed to stand on the remains of a Roman theatre as well as the tenth century palace of Ziadib-Allah II al Aghlab.
Other landmarks
- The Bardo Museum was originally a 13th century Hafsid palace, located in the (then) suburbs of Tunis. Bardo Museum is a Museum in Tunis, Tunisia. It displays objects ranging from prehistorical artefacts to modern jewellery Hafsid was a dynasty ruling Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) from 1229 to 1574. It contains a major collection of Roman empires and other antiquities of interest from Ancient Greece, Tunisia, and from the Arab period. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca
- The ruins of Carthage are nearby, along the coast to the northeast, the old capital of the Carthaginian Empire, with many ancient ruins. Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers The Carthaginian Empire was an informal empire of Phoenician City-states throughout North Africa and modern Spain from 575 BC until 146 BC
Economy
Products include textiles, carpets, and olive oil. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. A carpet is any loom-woven felted textile or grass floor covering Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees Tourism also provides a significant portion of the city's income. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel
Transport
Tunis is served by the Tunis-Carthage International Airport. Tunis-Carthage International Airport (مطار تونس قرطاج الدولي is the international airport serving Tunis, Tunisia. The growing metropolitan area is served by an extensive network of public transportation including buses, an above-ground light rail system (le Metro), as well a regional train line (le TGM) that links the city center to its closest northern suburbs. Tunis-Goulette-Marsa or TGM is a 19 km standard gauge Tunisian railway line linking the capital Tunis with La Marsa via La Goulette Multi-lane autoroutes surround the city and serve the increasing number of privately owned cars one encounters in Tunisia.
The Tunis area is served by the métro léger (Ar.: المترو الخفيف لمدينة تونس) and TGM (Tunis-Goulette-Marsa), as well as bus services, and is linked to other places in Tunisia by SNCFT, the national railways. The Métro léger de Tunis (also Métro léger, Tunis Métro, Standard Ar Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Tunis-Goulette-Marsa or TGM is a 19 km standard gauge Tunisian railway line linking the capital Tunis with La Marsa via La Goulette The Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Tunisiens (English Tunisian Railways; v
Education
Tunis is the site of the University of Tunis as well as Tunisia Private University. The Tunis University is a university located in Tunis, Tunisia. The Tunisia Private University (ULT is a university located in Tunis, Tunisia.
Twin Cities
See also
References
- ^ (French) Census of 2004 information National Statistical Institute
External links
- Tunis travel guide from Wikitravel
- Lexicorient
- TunisForum:Guide ou sortir en Tunisie
- Guide to Tunis
- The Municipality of Tunis official website.
- Video tour of the Bardo Museum
- Video of Tunis Medina
- Tunis is at coordinates Coordinates:
Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Barbary pirates, also sometimes called Ottoman corsairs, were Muslim Pirates and Privateers that operated from North Africa, from Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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