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Tulia, Texas
Location of Tulia, Texas
Location of Tulia, Texas
Coordinates: 34°32′16″N 101°46′10″W / 34.53778, -101.76944
Country United States
State Texas
County Swisher
Area
 - Total 3. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. List of Texas county name etymologies|List of Texas county seat name etymologies The state of Texas is divided into 254 counties, more than any other U Swisher County is a County located in the US state of Texas. In 2000 its population was 8378 Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 5 sq mi (9. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 2 km²)
 - Land 3. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 5 sq mi (9. 2 km²)
 - Water 0. 0 sq mi (0. 0 km²)
Elevation 3,484 ft (1,062 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total 5,117
 - Density 1,447. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/sq mi (558. 9/km²)
Time zone Central (CST) (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code 79088
Area code(s) 806
FIPS code 48-73868[1]
GNIS feature ID 1370199[2]

Tulia is a city in Swisher County, Texas, United States. The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Areas using UTC−6 Single zone countries Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The map to the right is now clickable click on an area code to go to the page for that code Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Swisher County is a County located in the US state of Texas. In 2000 its population was 8378 Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The population was 5,117 at the 2000 census; in the 2005 census estimate, it had fallen to 4,714[1]. Tulia is the county seat of Swisher County[3]. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States.

Contents

1999 drug arrests

Tulia gained notoriety following a drug sting in July 1999 that rounded up 46 people, forty of whom were African Americans. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The remaining detainees were white people known to have ties within the black community, and in fact lived in the black part of town. Nearly one in three of Tulia's black males were arrested, about 15% of the town's black population. [4][5] All charges were based on the word of undercover officer Tom Coleman, a so called "gypsy cop" who made his living traveling through impoverished rural Texas offering to work undercover cheaply for short periods of time for underfunded police departments. In law enforcement the phrase gypsy cop is Slang for an itinerant lawman, a Peace officer who floats from department to department regardless of or because Coleman claimed to have made over one hundred drug buys in the small town, essentially an impossible feat for an undercover officer working alone. He never recorded any of the sales, but claimed to have written painstaking notes on his leg under his shorts and upper arm under his shirt sleeve when nobody was looking.

During the roundup, no large sums of money, illegal drugs, drug paraphernalia, or illegal weapons were found. The accused drug dealers showed no signs of having any income associated with selling drugs. The drugs Coleman claimed to have bought from the accused did not have the fingerprints of the accused on them or their baggies. No independent witnesses could corroborate Coleman's claims. In his testimony, Coleman gave inaccurate descriptions of the "dealers" he had allegedly bought cocaine from. Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant One suspect had his charges dropped when he was able to prove he had been at work during the times he had supposedly sold Coleman cocaine. Another produced bank and phone records indicating she was in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at the time of her alleged crime. Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the US state of Oklahoma. Many of the accused, however, seeing the long sentences dealt out by all-white juries in the earliest cases, pled guilty in return for lesser sentences, despite their proclaimed innocence. The remaining defendants were convicted solely on the basis of Coleman's testimony. The state attorney general, John Cornyn, awarded Coleman a prize for being "Lawman of the Year. John Cornyn III (born February 2 1952) is the junior United States Senator from Texas. " [6][7]

Eventually the case became a cause célèbre, and money was raised to legally challenge the cases. A cause célèbre (plural causes célèbres, French famous case) is Many had already served several years in prison before this process gained momentum. By 2004, most of the "Tulia 46" had been freed, and a $6,000,000 collective settlement was reached to avoid further litigation in civil court. Local authorities remain defiant, promising their town will not become a "slot machine" in the face of a new lawsuit stemming from an incident of police brutality during the sweep by a man who was not charged. Police brutality is the world wide use of excessive force usually physical but potentially also in the form verbal attacks and psychological intimidation, by [8] [9]

A documentary Tulia, Texas: Scenes from the Drug War was filmed by Sarah Kunstler and Emily Kunstler in 2003, and won the Best Documentary Short award at Woodstock Film Festival. Sarah Kunstler (born 1976 is a documentary Filmmaker and Lawyer. Emily Kunstler (born 1978 is an activist and a documentary filmmaker

Presently, the Tulia 46 drug sting event is in movie production by Paramount Pictures, directed by John Singleton and starring Billy Bob Thornton and Halle Berry, scheduled for release in 2009. Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. John Daniel Singleton (born January 6, 1968 in Los Angeles California) is an American Academy Award -nominated Film director William Robert Thornton (born August 4 1955 Halle Maria Berry (ˈhæli ˈbɛri born August 14 1966 is an Academy Award - Emmy Award - and Golden Globe -winning American actress former [10]

Federal laws titled after Tulia have twice been introduced in the United States Congress, but not enacted, to increase the evidentiary standard required to convict a person for a drug offense and to require screening of law enforcement officers or others acting under color of law participating in drug task forces. [11]

Geography

Tulia is located at 34°32′16″N, 101°46′10″W (34. 537702, -101. 769307)[12]. It is located 46 miles (74 km) south of Amarillo in the Texas Panhandle. The Texas Panhandle is a region of the US state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 5 square miles (9. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 1 km²), all of it land. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of

Demographics

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 5,117 people, 1,698 households, and 1,222 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 1,447. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6 people per square mile (559. 7/km²). There were 1,898 housing units at an average density of 537. 0/sq mi (207. 6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 66. 45% White, 8. 40% African American, 0. 43% Native American, 0. 10% Asian, 0. 02% Pacific Islander, 22. 12% from other races, and 2. 48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39. 63% of the population.

There were 1,698 households out of which 37. 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55. 5% were married couples living together, 12. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28. 0% were non-families. 25. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 64 and the average family size was 3. 18.

In the city the population was spread out with 27. 8% under the age of 18, 11. 9% from 18 to 24, 25. 8% from 25 to 44, 18. 7% from 45 to 64, and 15. 8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 113. 1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116. 7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,794, and the median income for a family was $32,415. Males had a median income of $24,857 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,956. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 16. 0% of families and 19. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 7% of those under age 18 and 14. 9% of those age 65 or over.

Education

The city is served by the Tulia Independent School District. Tulia Independent School District is a public School district based in Tulia, Texas ( USA)

Schools that serve Tulia include Highland Elementary School (EE-2), W. V. Swinburn Elementary (3-5), Tulia Junior High School (6-8), and Tulia High School (9-12). Tulia Independent School District is a public School district based in Tulia, Texas ( USA)

References

  1. ^ a b American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  2. ^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  3. ^ Find a County. National Association of Counties. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  4. ^ Democracy Now!. Retrieved on 2008-01-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  5. ^ Nate Blakeslee. Tulia: Race, Cocaine, and Corruption in a Small Texas Town. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 1-58648-454-0.  
  6. ^ The Color of Justice by Nate Blakeslee - The Texas Observer. Retrieved on 2008-01-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  7. ^ Tulia Travesty Covered Up By Texas Prosecutors and Courts. Retrieved on 2008-01-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  8. ^ The Austin Chronicle: News: Color of Justice: An Undercover Drug Bust Opens Old Wounds in Tulia, Texas. Retrieved on 2008-01-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  9. ^ News & Opinion: Color of Justice (Austin Chronicle . 07-31-00). Retrieved on 2008-01-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  10. ^ Tulia (2008) - Movie Details - Cast & Crew, Photos & Trailer - The Movie Insider. Retrieved on 2008-01-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental
  11. ^ H.R. 253: No More Tulias: Drug Law Enforcement Evidentiary Standards Improvement Act of 2007 (GovTrack.us). Retrieved on 2008-01-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental
  12. ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes

External links

The Handbook of Texas (ISBN 0-87611-151-7 is a comprehensive Encyclopedia of Texas geography history and historical persons published by the Texas A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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