The Tuileries Palace stood in Paris, France, on the right bank of the River Seine until 1871, when it was destroyed. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. La Rive Droite (the Right bank) is most associated with the Seine in central Paris. The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It closed the western end of the Louvre courtyard, which has remained open since the destruction of the palace. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France
Contents |
History of the Tuileries
After the death of Henry II of France in 1559, his widow Catherine de' Medicis (1519-1589) planned a new palace. Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Catherine de' Medici (April 13 1519 &ndash January 5 1589 was born in Florence, Italy as Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici. She began the building of the palace of Tuileries in 1564, using architect Philibert de l'Orme. Philibert de l'Orme (c 1510 &ndash January 8, 1570) was a French Architect, one of the great masters of the Renaissance. The name derives from the tile kilns or tuileries which previously occupied the site. The palace was formed by a range of long, narrow buildings with high roofs that enclosed one major and two minor courtyards. The building was greatly enlarged in the 1600s, so that the southeast corner of the Tuileries joined the Louvre. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France
Louis XIV
Louis XIV resided at the Tuileries Palace while Versailles was under construction. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent The Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal Château in Versailles, in France 's Île-de-France region His garden designer André Le Notre laid out parterres for the Tuileries in 1664, but when the king left, the building was virtually abandoned. André Le Nôtre ( March 12, 1613 &ndash September 15 1700) was a Landscape architect and the gardener of King Louis XIV A parterre is a formal garden construction on a level surface consisting of planting beds edged in stone or tightly clipped hedging, and gravel paths arranged to form It was used only as a theater, and its gardens became a fashionable resort of Parisians. During the French Revolution, Louis XVI and his family were forced to return from Versailles to the Tuileries under house arrest, starting in October 1789. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Louis XVI
They tried to escape on the evening of June 20, 1791, but were captured at Varennes and were returned to the Tuileries. Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Flight to Varennes ( June 20 - 21, 1791) was a significant episode in the French Revolution during which King Louis XVI of France The Tuileries were later stormed on August 10, 1792 by the Paris mob, which overwhelmed and massacred the Swiss Guard as the royal family fled through the gardens and took refuge with the Legislative Assembly. Swiss Guards Swiss mercenary is the name given to those soldiers who have served as Bodyguards, ceremonial guards and palace guards at foreign European courts since
On November 9, 1789, the National Constituent Assembly, formerly the Estates-General of 1789, moved its deliberations from the tennis court at Versailles to the Tuileries, following the removal of the court to Paris. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The National Constituent Assembly (Assemblée nationale constituante was formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789, during the first stages of the The Estates-General (or States-General) of 1789 (Les États-Généraux de 1789 was the first meeting since 1614 of the French Estates-General The Tuileries' covered riding ring, the Salle du Manège, home to the royal equestrian academy, provided the largest indoor space in the city. It accommodated the Constituent Assembly, its successor, the National Convention, and in 1795, the Council of 500 of the Directoire until the body moved to the Palais-Bourbon in 1798. During the French Revolution, the National Convention or Convention, in France, comprised the Constitutional and legislative assembly The Council of Five Hundred ( Conseil des Cinq-Cents) or simply the Five Hundred was the Lower house of the legislature of France Palais Bourbon, a Palace located on the left bank of the Seine, across from the Place de la Concorde, Paris (which is on the right bank is In 1799, the Jacobin Club du Manège had its headquarters there. The Jacobin Club was the largest and most powerful political club of the French Revolution.
When Napoleon came into power he made Tuileries the official residence of the first consul and then the imperial palace. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. In 1808 Napoleon began constructing the northern gallery which also connected to the Louvre, enclosing a vast place.
Under Napoleon
As Napoleon's chief residence Tuileries Palace was redecorated in the Neoclassical Empire style by Percier and Fontaine and some of the best known architects, designers, and furniture makers of the day. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and The Empire Style, sometimes considered the second phase of Neoclassicism, is an early-19th-century Design movement in Architecture, Furniture Charles Percier ( Paris, August 22, 1764 – Paris September 5, 1838) was a neoclassical French Architect Pierre François Léonard Fontaine ( September 20, 1762, Pontoise, near Paris – October 10, 1853, Paris) was a neoclassical One of the artists, Pierre Paul Prud'hon's (1758-1823) most splendid commissions was to design the apartments of the new Empress, Marie-Louise. Pierre-Paul Prud'hon ( April 4 1758 - February 16 1823) was a French Romantic painter and draughtsman best known Marie Louise of Austria (Maria Luisa von Österreich French: Marie Louise d'Autriche; Italian: Maria Luisa d'Austria; b For the bridal suite of the Empress Marie-Louise he designed all the furniture and interior decorations in a Greek Revival style.
In 1809, Jacob-Desmalter, principal supplier of furniture to the Emperor, began work on a jewel cabinet designed for the Empress Joséphine's great bedroom in the Tuileries (and soon to be used by Marie-Louise). François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter (1770 &ndash 1841 oversaw one of the most successful and influential furniture workshops in Paris from 1796 to 1825 Joséphine de Beauharnais (born Marie Josèphe Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie June 23 1763 &ndash May 29 1814) was the first This impressive piece of furniture designed by the architect Charles Percier was embellished with several gilt-bronze ornaments: the central panel depicts the "Birth of the Queen of the Earth to whom Cupids and Goddesses hasten with their Offerings" by the bronzier Pierre-Philippe Thomire, after a bas-relief by Chaudet. Pierre-Philippe Thomire (1751 — 1843 a French sculptor was the most prominent bronzier, or producer of ornamental patinated and gilt-bronze objects and furniture Antoine-Denis Chaudet (1763 - 1810 was a French sculptor who worked in a neoclassical style. Jacob-Desmalter completed the "great jewelry box" in 1812, with two smaller items of furniture in the same style but using indigenous woods.
The Restoration
The Tuileries Palace served as the royal residence after the Bourbon Restoration. Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne In the "July Revolution" of 1830, the palace was attacked for a third time by Parisians and occupied. The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, saw the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Louis Philippe took up permanent residence there until 1848 when it was again invaded, on February 24, 1848. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The Swiss Guards stationed at the palace, aware of what happened in 1792 to their predecessors, abandoned the palace.
_Tuileries.jpg/230px-Salon_Louis_XIV_(Eastman)_Tuileries.jpg)
The Palace of the Tuileries served again as the official residence of the executive branch of government after the coup d'état by Napoléon III in 1852. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year When President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte became Emperor Napoléon III he moved from his presidential office at the Élysée Palace to the Tuileries Palace, ushering in the Second Empire. The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870 between the Second
The Second Empire
During the Second Empire, the Tuileries Palace was extensively refurbished and redecorated after the looting and damage that occurred during the Revolution of 1848. The February 1848 Revolution in France ended the reign of King Louis-Philippe, and led to the creation of the French Second Republic (1848-1852 Some imposing state rooms were designed and richly decorated, serving as the center stage of the ceremonies and pageantry of the Second Empire, such as on the occasion of Queen Victoria's state visit to the Tuileries in 1855. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The Second Empire also completed the northern wing of the Louvre along the rue de Rivoli, linking the Tuileries Palace with the rest of the Louvre, and thus finally achieving the huge complex of the Louvre-Tuileries, whose master plan had been envisioned three centuries earlier. Rue de Rivoli is one of the most famous streets of Paris, a commercial street whose shops include the most fashionable names in the world
The prominent roof-lines of the palace and especially its squared central dome were influential prototypes in the Second Empire style adopted for hotels and commercial buildings as well as residences in the United Kingdom and North America. This article is about the Second Empire architectural style For France during the reign of Napoleon III of France, see Second French Empire
End of the Tuileries
The final completion of the long planned Louvre-Tuileries complex was not to last long. On May 23, 1871, during the suppression of the Paris Commune, twelve men under the orders of a Commune extremist, Dardelle, set the Tuileries on fire at 7 p. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Paris Commune (La Commune de Paris was a Government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May m. , using petroleum, liquid tar, and turpentine. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Tar is a viscous black Liquid derived from the Destructive distillation of organic matter Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine gum turpentine is a fluid obtained by the Distillation of Resin obtained from trees The fire lasted for 48 hours and entirely consumed the palace. It was only on May 25 that the Paris fire brigades and the 26th battalion of the Africa Chasseurs managed to put out the fire. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. A Chasseur (a French term for "hunter" is the designation given to certain regiments of French light Infantry ( Chasseurs à pied Other portions of the Louvre were also set on fire by Commune extremists and entirely destroyed. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France The museum itself was only miraculously saved.
The ruins of the Tuileries stood on the site for eleven years. Although the roofs and the inside of the palace had been utterly destroyed by the fire, the stone shell of the palace remained intact, and restoration was possible. Other monuments of Paris also set on fire by Commune extremists, such as the Paris City Hall, were rebuilt in the 1870s. The Hôtel de Ville ( French for " City Hall " in Paris, France, is the building housing the City of Paris's administration After much hesitation, the Third Republic eventually decided not to restore the ruins of the Tuileries, which had become a symbol of the former royal and imperial regimes. The French Third Republic (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe On the other hand, the portions of the Louvre that had also been destroyed by fire were rebuilt in their original style by the French government.
Demolition
In 1882 the French National Assembly voted for the demolition of the ruins, which were sold to a private entrepreneur for the sum of 33,300 gold francs (approximately US$130,000 in 2005), despite the protests of Baron Haussmann and other members of French artistic and architectural circles, who opposed what they thought was a crime against French arts and history. Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Georges-Eugène Haussmann ( March 27, 1809 &ndash January 11, 1891) who called himself Baron Haussmann, was a French The demolition was started in February 1883 and completed on September 30, 1883. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Bits of stone and marble from the palace were sold by the private entrepreneur as souvenirs and even to build a castle in Corsica, near Ajaccio, the "château de la punta". [1]
Tuileries Garden and the Axe Historique
When the large empty space between the northern and southern wings of the Louvre now familiar to modern visitors was revealed in 1883, for the first time the Louvre courtyard opened into an unbroken Axe historique. Adolph Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel, ( December 8, 1815 Breslau - February 9, 1905 Berlin) was a German Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Axe historique ("historical axis" is a line of monuments buildings and thoroughfares that extends from the centre of Paris, France, to the The Tuileries Garden (French Jardin des Tuileries) is surrounded by the Louvre (to the east), the Seine (to the south), the Place de la Concorde (to the west) and the Rue de Rivoli (to the north). French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Place de la Concorde is one of the major squares in Paris, France. Rue de Rivoli is one of the most famous streets of Paris, a commercial street whose shops include the most fashionable names in the world Further to the north lies the Place Vendôme. Place Vendôme is a square in the 1st arrondissement of Paris located to the north of the Tuileries Gardens and east of the Église de la Madeleine
Tuileries Garden
The Tuileries Garden covers about 63 acres (25 hectares) and still closely follows a design laid out by landscape architect Andre Le Notre in 1664. A landscape architect is a person involved in the planning design and sometimes oversight of an exterior landscape or space André Le Nôtre ( March 12, 1613 &ndash September 15 1700) was a Landscape architect and the gardener of King Louis XIV His spacious formal garden plan drew out the perspective from the reflecting pools one to the other in an unbroken vista along a central axis from the west façade, which has been extended as the Axe historique. The Axe historique ("historical axis" is a line of monuments buildings and thoroughfares that extends from the centre of Paris, France, to the
The Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume is a museum of contemporary art located in the north-west corner of the gardens. The Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume is a Museum of Contemporary art in the north-west corner of the Tuileries Gardens in Paris.
Rebuilding the Tuileries?
Since 2003, a committee in France has been proposing to rebuild the Tuileries Palace. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. This effort is similar to the proposal of reconstruction of the Berliner Stadtschloss (Berlin City Palace). The Stadtschloss (Berliner Stadtschloss rendered in English as Berlin City Palace) was a royal palace in the centre of Berlin, capital of Germany There are several reasons for rebuilding the Palace of the Tuileries. Ever since the destruction of 1883, the famous perspective of the Champs-Élysées, which ended on the majestic facade of the Tuileries Palace, now ends in the Arc du Carrousel, formerly centered on the Tuileries but now occupying a large empty space. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (ʃɑ̃zeliˈze) is the most prestigious avenue in Paris. The Louvre, with its pyramid on the one hand and the axis of the Place de la Concorde-Champs-Élysées-Arc de Triomphe on the other, are not aligned on the same axis. The Place de la Concorde is one of the major squares in Paris, France. The Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris, France that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle also known as the Place de l'Étoile.
The Arc du Carrousel fortuitously stands near the intersection of the two axes. The Palace of the Tuileries, which was located at the junction of these two diverging axes, helped to disguise this bending of the axes. Architects argue that the rebuilding of the Tuileries would allow the re-establishment of the harmony of these two different axes. The Tuileries Gardens would also recover their purpose, which was to be a palace garden.
Also, it is emphasized that the Louvre Museum needs to expand its groundplan to properly display all its collections, and if the Tuileries Palace is rebuilt the Louvre Museum could expand into the rebuilt palace. André Le Nôtre ( March 12, 1613 &ndash September 15 1700) was a Landscape architect and the gardener of King Louis XIV A parterre is a formal garden construction on a level surface consisting of planting beds edged in stone or tightly clipped hedging, and gravel paths arranged to form It is also proposed to rebuild the state apartments of the Second Empire as they stood in 1871. All the plans of the palace and many photographs are still stored in French archives. Furthermore, all the furniture and paintings from the palace survived the 1871 fire because they had been removed from the palace in 1870 at the start of the Franco-Prussian War and stored in secure locations. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871
Today, the furniture and paintings are still deposited in storehouses and not on public display due to the lack of space in the Louvre Museum. It is argued that recreating the state apartments of the Tuileries Palace would allow the display of these treasures of the Second Empire style which are currently hidden.
Cost
A rebuilding of the Palace of the Tuileries is estimated to cost 300 million euros (US$ 400 million). For the museum see Louvre Museum. The palais du Louvre in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine is a former royal It would be financed by public subscription and the work would be undertaken by a private foundation, with the French government spending no money on the project. Since 2003, the idea has gained momentum in French media.
See also
External links
- (French) National Committee for the rebuilding of the Tuileries Palace
- Rebuilding the Tuileries by Charles T. The indoor Riding academy called the Salle du Manège was the seat of deliberations during most of the French Revolution, from 1789 to 1798 The Pavillon de Flore is a section of the Palais du Louvre in Paris, France. Downey (Ionarts, 17 August 2006)
- (English) photos of the jardins des Tuileries
- A virtual visit of the jardins des Tuileries
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic