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Tubal ligation
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| Background | |
| B. C. type | Sterilization |
| First use | 1930 |
| Failure rates (first year) | |
| Perfect use | 0. 5% |
| Typical use | 0. 5% |
| Usage | |
| Duration effect | Permanent |
| Reversibility | Sometimes |
| User reminders | None |
| Clinic review | None |
| Advantages and Disadvantages | |
| STD protection | No |
| Benefits | Almost perfect contraception |
Tubal ligation (informally known as getting one's "tubes tied") is a permanent form of female sterilization, in which the fallopian tubes are severed and sealed or "pinched shut", in order to prevent fertilization. Sterilization (also spelled sterilisation) is a surgical technique leaving a male or female unable to reproduce. The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges ( singular salpinx) are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated For soil improvement see Fertilization (soil. Hormone production, libido, and the menstrual cycle can be affected by a tubal ligation. [1]
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Procedure
A tubal ligation can be done in many forms; through a vaginal approach, through laparoscopy, a minilaparotomy ("minilap"), or through regular laparotomy. Laparoscopic surgery, also called Minimally invasive surgery (MIS, bandaid surgery, Keyhole surgery, or pinhole surgery A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving an incision through the Abdominal wall to gain access into the Abdominal cavity. Also, a distinction is made between postpartum tubal ligation and interval tubal ligation, the latter not being done after a recent delivery. There are a variety of tubal ligation techniques; the most noteworthy are the Pomeroy type that was described by Ralph Pomeroy in 1930, the Falope ring that can easily be applied via laparoscopy, and tubal cauterization done usually via laparoscopy. Ralph Hayward Pomeroy (born January 12, 1867 in New York City; died August 22, 1925) was an American Gynecologist who became In addition, a bilateral salpingectomy is effective as a tubal ligation procedure. Salpingectomy refers to the surgical removal of a Fallopian tube. A tubal ligation can be performed as a secondary procedure when a laparotomy is done; i. e. a cesarean section. A Caesarean section (or Cesarean section in American English) also known as C-section, is a form of Childbirth in which a surgical Any of these procedures may be referred to as having one's "tubes tied. "
Tubal ligation can be performed under either general anesthesia or local anesthesia (spinal or epidural, often supplemented witha tranquilizer to calm the patient during the procedure). The default in tubal ligations following on from cesarean birth is usually spinal/epidural, while the default in non-childbirth related situations may be general anesthesia as a matter of doctor preference. However, tubal ligations under local anesthesia, either inpatient or outpatient, may be performed under patient request.
Less commonly performed is the Essure procedure, in use since 2002. Essure is a permanent sterilization procedure for women developed by Conceptus Inc and approved for use in the United States on November 4 2002 In this procedure micro-inserts are placed within the fallopian tubes by means of catheter and Hysteroscopy. Hysteroscopy is the inspection of the uterine cavity by Endoscopy. The micro-inserts produce eventual occlusion of the fallopian tubes by causing the in-growth of tissue.
Reversal
Generally tubal ligation procedures are done with the intention to be permanent, and most patients are satisfied with their sterilizations. Tubal reversal is microsurgery to repair the fallopian tube after a tubal ligation procedure. Tubal reversal - short for tubal sterilization reversal or tubal ligation reversal - is a surgical procedure that restores Fertility to women after a
Usually there are two remaining fallopian tube segments - the proximal tubal segment that emerges from the uterus and the distal tubal segment that ends with the fimbria next to the ovary. The procedure that connects these separated parts of the fallopian tube is called tubal reversal or microsurgical tubotubal anastomosis.
In a small percentage of cases, a tubal ligation procedure leaves only the distal portion of the fallopian tube and no proximal tubal opening into the uterus. This may occur when monopolar tubal coagulation has been applied to the isthmic segment of the fallopian tube as it emerges from the uterus. In this situation, a new opening can be created through the uterine muscle and the remaining tubal segment inserted into the uterine cavity. This microsurgical procedure is called tubal implantation, tubouterine implantation, or uterotubal implantation.
Tubal reversal, if done by a specialist microsurgeon, has a high success rate and few complications. Successful repair of the fallopian tubes is now possible in 98% of women who have had a tubal ligation, regardless of the type of sterilization procedure.
IVF in vitro fertilization may overcome fertility problems in patients not suited to a tubal reversal. In vitro fertilisation ( IVF) is a process by which
Access
In developing countries, tubal ligation is generally a popular form of birth control, and is widely available, although some Muslim countries (e. g. Egypt and Indonesia) do not permit it. [2] Faith-based medical institutions in developed countries will sometimes refuse to perform tubal ligations [3], and where long waiting times persist, there is a worrying risk of pregnancy or complications due to alternative contraception. [4] Because of the permanent nature of the operation, women under 40 without children are often denied access to tubal ligation, even if they express a determined desire not to have children. [5]
References
- ^ Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome
- ^ Campbell M, Sahin-Hodoglugil NN, Potts M (2006). "Barriers to fertility regulation: a review of the literature". Studies in family planning 37 (2): 87–98. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16832983.
- ^ "Woman given settlement after being denied tubal ligation", CBC news website, CBC news, September 13, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
- ^ Penava D, Daskalopoulos R, Nisker J, Hammond JA (2006). "Lack of timely access to tubal ligation increases risks of unintended pregnancy". Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health 16 (1): 1–3. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16487918.
- ^ Z. , Bonnie. "Tubal ligation procedures denied to young women who don’t want children", American Sexuality magazine, nsrc. sfsu. edu, July 19, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
See also
External links
Sterilization (also spelled sterilisation) is a surgical technique leaving a male or female unable to reproduce. Vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vasa deferentia of a man are cut for the purpose of sterilization.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic