Tsingtao Brewery (simplified Chinese: 青岛啤酒厂; traditional Chinese: 青島啤酒廠; pinyin: Qīngdǎo píjiǔchǎng) (SEHK: 168 SSE: 600600,OTCBB: TSGTY) is China's largest brewery, 'Tsing tao' pronounced 'Ching-dow'. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Hong Kong Stock Exchange ( also 港交所 abbreviated as HKEX;) is the Stock exchange of Hong Kong. The Shanghai Stock Exchange ( SSE) ( is a Chinese Stock exchange based in the city of Shanghai, with a Market capitalization The OTC Bulletin Board or OTCBB is an electronic quotation system in the United States that displays real-time quotes last-sale prices and volume information for China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of Beer, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of beer's history Founded in 1903 by German settlers, it claims about 12% of domestic market share. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The beer is produced in Qingdao in Shandong province (and more recently in other breweries owned by the company as well), but the name of the beer uses the old École française d'Extrême-Orient transliteration. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division The École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO is a French institute dedicated to the study of Asian societies The beer's present-day logo displays an image of Zhan Qiao, a famous pier on Qingdao's southern shore. Zhan Qiao (Chinese 栈桥 loading pier) Pier is at the tip of Qingdao Bay off Zhongshan road
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History
The brewery was founded in 1903 as a German-British brewing company to produce German style beer in China, producing beer mainly for Germans and other Westerners in China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings
In 1915 the brewery was taken over from the German management and until 1945 was under Japanese management, who had confiscated the German share and bought the British share after World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
After the defeat of Japan in World War II the Qingdao Brewery was turned into a Chinese brewery under the supervision of the Nationalist government in Nanjing. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles However, this period of ownership only lasted until 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded and the company became a state-owned enterprise. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A government-owned corporation, state-owned enterprise or government business enterprise is a legal entity created by a Government to undertake commercial
The company was privatized in the early '90s and in 1993 merged with three other breweries in Qingdao and was finally renamed Tsingtao Brewery Company Limited. Note Sometimes the ' 90s is used as shorthand for the 1990s, the 1890s, or other such decades in various centuries Today 27% of the company is owned by Anheuser-Busch. Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc ( (ˈænhаɪzər bʊʃ is the largest Brewing company in the United States with a 48 The company now owns several other breweries in China, some of which also produce Tsingtao Beer.
Beer styles
Tsingtao Beer, a well-hopped standard pilsner of 4. Pilsner, sometimes pilsener or simply pils, is a Pale lager, developed in the 19th century in the city of Pilsen, Bohemia ( 7% alcohol, is the flagship brew, accounting for most of the brewery's production. An unpasteurised version is sold as Tsingtao Draft Beer. Draught beer (also known as draft beer or tap beer) has several related though slightly different understandings Tsingtao Beer was long advertised as being "brewed with mineral water from the Laoshan Spring", which contributed to its characteristic flavour; however, this now applies only to beer produced in Qingdao, not to that produced in the company's other breweries. Laoshan ( ie Mount Lao is a famous Mountain in Qingdao Shandong province, China. Originally, Tsingtao Beer was brewed in accordance with the German Reinheitsgebot ('Purity Law') of 1516, therefore the only ingredients that were used were water, barley, and hops. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The (literally "purity order" sometimes called the "German Beer Purity Law" or the "Bavarian Purity Law" in English is a regulation concerning the production of Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for The hop ( Humulus) is a small genus of Flowering plants native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. After privatization however, the recipe was changed, so that today Tsingtao beer, like many other beers made in China, contains a proportion of the less-expensive rice as an adjunct in the mash. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many The following is about the brewing term adjunct is also a term used in linguistics.
The brewery also produces a number of other beers, mostly for the local market. Those sometimes encountered outside China include Tsingtao Dark Beer (5. 2% alcohol), and more rarely Tsingtao Spirulina Green Beer, also sold as Tsingtao Green Beer, a 4. 5% alcohol green-coloured pilsner containing spirulina as an additive, and claimed to promote good health. Spirulina is the common name for human and animal food supplements produced primarily from two species of Cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae Arthrospira (Note: alcohol content of export versions may vary slightly. )
Export orientation
The beer market in China was very underdeveloped until into the '80s and the brewery was forced to concentrate on overseas markets. Note Sometimes ' 80s is used as shorthand for the 1980s, the 1880s, or other such decades in different centuries However, while concentrating on international markets, the brewery also attempted to sell its beer on the domestic market and competed with other domestic brands as well as foreign brands.
The main export company for the brewery was the "Good Harvest of Five Grains Corporation" based in Hong Kong. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The Good Harvest of Five Grains Corporation also tried to market the beer in Hong Kong itself and later built a wholesale network consisting of up to 300 companies.
Tsingtao Beer was introduced to the United States in 1972, and soon became the top-selling Chinese beer in the U. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. market; it has maintained this leadership within the United States ever since, despite increasing competition from other well known Chinese beer brands, Zhujiang Beer and Yanjing. Distribution in the UK and Ireland is handled by Halewood International Ltd as of 2008. The Tsingtao brand is sold in more than 50 countries worldwide and accounts for more than 50% of China’s beer exports.
National Marketing
Before the 1949 takeover by the new PRC government, the brewery had been using imported raw material and water from the Laoshan mountain. Laoshan ( ie Mount Lao is a famous Mountain in Qingdao Shandong province, China. Due to the outbreak of the Korean War and the resulting embargo of the People's Republic by the West, the brewery was forced to use domestic products and the government encouraged the peasants in Shandong to harvest the necessary raw materials (mainly hops and barley) themselves. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the In international Commerce and politics, an embargo is the prohibition of commerce ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. Hops are the female Flower cones of the hop plant ( Humulus lupulus) Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for The government used various incentives to achieve this goal, e. g. free seeds.
The brewery had previously used nationalistic marketing strategies, and after the switchover to production using only domestic material this nationalist and patriotic marketing effort was increased. However, the brewery still mentioned its international roots.
International Beer Festival
The brewery first applied for permission for a Qingdao International Beer Festival in 1991 and received approval and great support from the Qingdao municipal administration, even to the extent that the city became the main sponsor. The Qingdao International Beer Festival ( is a yearly festival held in Qingdao (simplified Chinese 青岛 wade-guiles Tsingtao in Shandong province China The first festival was opened on June 23rd, 1991, and has been held annually ever since. The festival was named "International Beer Festival" to attract foreigners as well as Chinese, although the main purpose of the festival was to make the brand more popular for domestic consumers.
Quality debacle
Tsingtao Beer suffered a quality debacle in the late-1990's, a subsequent investigation revealed that the beer had become a victim of Chinese pollution: the barley grown in China was so heavily polluted by pesticides, chemical fertilizers and other industrial chemical wastes that it was no longer qualified for use. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for As a result, all barley used for Tsingtao Beer is currently imported from France, Canada and Australia. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Hops used are grown in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Hops are the female Flower cones of the hop plant ( Humulus lupulus) Xinjiang ( Uyghur: شىنجاڭ Shinjang;; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang; Turkish: Sincan, Sincan Uygur Özerk
See also
References
Yang, Zhiguo (April 2007). Harbin Brewery is a Chinese Brewery founded in 1900 by a Russian Ulubulevskij in Harbin, China. Yanjing Beer is a malty smooth premium Lager Beer from China. "This Beer Tastes Really Good': Nationalism, Consumer Culture and Development of the Beer Industry in Qingdao, 1903-1993". The Chinese Historical Review 14 (1): 29-58.
External links
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