Trumpet

Classification Wind Brass Aerophone Playing range Written range: Related instruments Flugelhorn, Cornet, Bugle, Natural trumpet, Bass trumpet, Post horn, Roman tuba, Bucina, Shofar, Conch, Lur, Didgeridoo, Piccolo trumpet

The trumpet is a musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family,^[1] and produces a "bright" sound. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. A wind instrument is a Musical instrument that contains some type of Resonator (usually a tube in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing A brass instrument is a Musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a tubular Resonator. An aerophone is any Musical instrument which produces Sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate without the use of strings or membranes and without In Music, the range of a Musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The flugelhorn (also spelled fluegelhorn or flügelhorn) is a Brass instrument resembling a Trumpet but with a wider conical bore The cornet is a Brass instrument very similar to the Trumpet, distinguished by its conical bore, compact shape and mellower tone quality "Bugler" redirects here For the tobacco brand see Bugler (tobacco. A natural trumpet is a valveless Brass instrument that is able to play the notes of the harmonic series. The bass trumpet is a type of low Trumpet which was first developed during the 1820s in Germany The post horn ( also posthorn, post-horn, or coach horn) is a valveless cylindrical brass or copper instrument with cupped mouthpiece The Roman tuba is an ancient musical instrument different from the modern tuba. The Cornu was a type of brass instrument similar to the Buccina used by the Roman army of antiquity mainly for communicating orders to troops in battle A shofar (שופר is a horn used for Jewish religious purposes A conch (pronounced in the USA as "konk" or "konch" ˈkɒŋk or /ˈkɒntʃ/ is one of a number of different Species Lur is a name given to two distinct types of wind Musical instrument. The didgeridoo (also known as a didjeridu or didge) is a wind instrument of the Indigenous Australians of northern Australia. The smallest of the Trumpet family is the piccolo trumpet. The most common of these instruments are built to play in both B-flat and A with separate leadpipes for each key A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. In Music, a register is the relative "height" or range of a Note, set of pitches or Pitch classes Melody A brass instrument is a Musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a tubular Resonator. ^[2] Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments,^[3] dating back to at least 1500 BC. They are constructed of brass tubing bent twice into a compact rectangle, and are played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the trumpet. Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties A standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a Wave that remains in a constant position

There are several types of trumpet; the most common being a transposing instrument pitched in B flat. A transposing instrument is a musical instrument for which written notes are played at a pitch different from concert pitch, which a non-transpositing instrument such as a Older trumpets did not have valves; however, modern trumpets have either three piston valves or three rotary valves, each of which increases the length of tubing when engaged, thereby lowering the pitch. A piston valve is a device used to control the motion of a Fluid along a tube or pipe by means of the Linear motion of a Piston within A rotary valve is a type of Valve in which the rotation of a passage or passages in a transverse plug regulates the flow of liquid or gas through the attached pipes

The trumpet is used in most forms of music, including classical music and jazz; some notable trumpet players in the latter field include Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Clifford Brown, Lee Morgan, Freddie Hubbard, Chet Baker, and Maynard Ferguson. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Louis Armstrong (August 4 1901 &ndash July 6 1971 nicknamed Satchmo or Sachimo and Pops, was an American Jazz Trumpeter Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter Clifford Brown ( October 30, 1930 &ndash June 26, 1956) aka " Brownie," was an influential and highly rated Lee Morgan ( 10 July, 1938 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania &ndash 19 February, 1972 in New York City) was an American Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (born April 7 1938 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American Jazz Trumpeter. Chesney Henry "Chet" Baker Jr ( Yale Oklahoma, 23 December 1929 - Amsterdam, 13 May 1988) was an American Walter Maynard Ferguson ( May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian Jazz Trumpet player and Bandleader

History

Moche Trumpet. 300 AD Larco Museum Collection Lima, Peru. The Larco Museum (Museo Larco is located in the Pueblo Libre District in Lima, Peru.

Main article: History of primitive and non-Western trumpets

The earliest trumpets date back to 1500 BC and earlier. The Chromatic Trumpet of Western tradition is a fairly recent invention but primitive trumpets of one form or another have been in existence for millennia some of The bronze and silver trumpets from Tutankhamun's grave in Egypt, bronze lurs from Scandinavia, and metal trumpets from China date back to this period. Lur is a name given to two distinct types of wind Musical instrument. ^[4] Trumpets from the Oxus civilization (3rd millennium BC) of Central Asia have decorated swellings in the middle, yet are made out of one sheet of metal, which is considered a technical wonder. The Amu Darya (formerly Oxus River the Greeks (Ptolemeus called it Oxiana palus) is the longest river in Central Asia. ^[5] The Moche people of ancient Peru depicted trumpets in their art going back to 300 AD ^[6] The earliest trumpets were signaling instruments used for military or religious purposes, rather than music in the modern sense;^[7] and the modern bugle continues this signaling tradition. The Moche civilization (alternately the Mochica culture Early Chimu Pre-Chimu Proto-Chimu etc Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. "Bugler" redirects here For the tobacco brand see Bugler (tobacco.

Reproduction Baroque trumpet by Michael Laird

In medieval times, trumpet playing was a guarded craft, its instruction occurring only within highly selective guilds. A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers The trumpet players were often among the most heavily guarded members of a troop, as they were relied upon to relay instructions to other sections of the army. A troop is a Military unit, originally a small force of Cavalry, subordinate to a Squadron and headed by the troop leader An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance led to an increased usefulness of the trumpet as a musical instrument. The development of the upper, "clarino" register, by specialist trumpeters, would lend itself well to the Baroque era, also known as the "Golden Age of the natural trumpet. Clarino is a synthetic leather-like substance commonly used in gloves handbags and law enforcement duty gear Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc A natural trumpet is a valveless Brass instrument that is able to play the notes of the harmonic series. " The melody-dominated homophony of the classical and romantic periods relegated the trumpet to a secondary role by most major composers. In Music, homophony (hoʊˈmɒfəni from Greek "homófonos" where ομοιο = the same and φωνή = a sound tone is a texture in which two or more The dates of the Classical period in Western music are generally accepted as 1750 to 1810 Romantic Music is a Musicological term referring to a particular period theory compositional practice and canon in European music history from about 1815 to 1910 The trumpet was slow to adopt the modern valves (invented around the mid 1830s), and its cousin, the cornet would take the spotlight as solo instrument for the next hundred years. The cornet is a Brass instrument very similar to the Trumpet, distinguished by its conical bore, compact shape and mellower tone quality Crooks and shanks (removable tubing of various lengths) as opposed to keys or valves were standard, notably in France, into the first part of the 20th century.

Construction

Trumpet valve bypass

The trumpet is constructed of brass tubing bent twice into a compact rectangle. Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties ^[8] The trumpet and trombone share a roughly cylindrical bore which results in a bright, loud sound. The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s A cylinder is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes the Surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given Straight line, the axis The bore is actually a complex series of tapers, smaller at the mouthpiece receiver and larger just before the flare of the bell begins; careful design of these tapers is critical to the intonation of the instrument. In Music, there are two common meanings for tuning: Tuning practice, the act of tuning an instrument or voice By comparison, the cornet and flugelhorn have conical bores and produce a more mellow tone. The cornet is a Brass instrument very similar to the Trumpet, distinguished by its conical bore, compact shape and mellower tone quality The flugelhorn (also spelled fluegelhorn or flügelhorn) is a Brass instrument resembling a Trumpet but with a wider conical bore

As with all brass instruments, sound is produced by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound into the mouthpiece and starting a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the trumpet. On Brass instruments the mouthpiece is the part of the instrument which is placed upon the player's Lips The purpose of the mouthpiece is a Resonator, which A standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a Wave that remains in a constant position The player can select the pitch from a range of overtones or harmonics by changing the lip aperture and tension (known as the embouchure). Pitch represents the perceived Fundamental frequency of a sound An overtone is a natural resonance or vibration frequency of a system In Acoustics and Telecommunication, the harmonic of a Wave is a component Frequency of the signal that is an Integer The embouchure is the use of facial muscles and the shaping of the lips to the Mouthpiece of a Wind instrument. Modern trumpets also have three piston valves, each of which increases the length of tubing when engaged, thereby lowering the pitch. A piston valve is a device used to control the motion of a Fluid along a tube or pipe by means of the Linear motion of a Piston within The first valve lowers the instrument's pitch by a whole step (2 semitones), the second valve by a half step (1 semitone), and the third valve by one-and-a-half steps (3 semitones). A semitone, also called a half step or a half tone, is the smallest Musical interval commonly used in Western tonal music and it is considered the When a fourth valve is present, as with some piccolo trumpets, it lowers the pitch a perfect fourth (5 semitones). The smallest of the Trumpet family is the piccolo trumpet. The most common of these instruments are built to play in both B-flat and A with separate leadpipes for each key The perfect fourth () is a Musical interval which spans four scale degrees Used singly and in combination these valves make the instrument fully chromatic, i. The chromatic scale is a Musical scale with twelve pitches each a Semitone or Half step apart e. , able to play all twelve pitches of Western music. Western music is the genres of Music originating in the Western world (Europe and its former colonies including Western classical music, American The sound is projected outward by the bell.

The trumpet's harmonic series is closely matched to the musical scale, but there are some notes in the series which are a compromise and thus slightly off key; these are known as wolf tones. Some trumpets have a slide mechanism built in to compensate.

The mouthpiece has a circular rim which provides a comfortable environment for the lips' vibration. Directly behind the rim is the cup, which channels the air into a much smaller opening (the back bore or shank) which tapers out slightly to match the diameter of the trumpet's lead pipe. The dimensions of these parts of the mouthpiece affect the timbre or quality of sound, the ease of playability, and player comfort. In Music, timbre (ˈtæm-bər' like timber, or, from Fr timbre tɛ̃bʁ is the quality of a Musical note or sound that distinguishes different Generally, the wider and deeper the cup, the darker the sound and timbre.

Types of trumpets

The most common type is the B-flat trumpet, but C, D, E-flat, E, F, G and A trumpets are also available. The most common use of the C trumpet is in American orchestral playing, where it is used alongside the B-flat trumpet. Its slightly smaller size gives it a brighter, more lively sound. Because music written for early trumpets required the use of a different trumpet for each key — they did not have valves and therefore were not chromatic — and also because a player may choose to play a particular passage on a different trumpet from the one indicated on the written music, orchestra trumpet players are generally adept at transposing music at sight, sometimes playing music written for the B-flat trumpet on the C trumpet, and vice versa. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well

Piccolo trumpet in B-flat, with swappable leadpipes to tune the instrument to B-flat (shorter) or A (longer)

Each trumpet's range extends from the written F sharp immediately below Middle C up to about three octaves higher. C or Do is the first Note of the fixed-Do Solfege. In Western Music, the expression " Middle C " refers to the note In Music, an octave ( is the the use of which is "common in most musical systems Standard repertoire rarely calls for notes beyond this range, and the fingering tables of most method books peak at the C (high C) two octaves above middle C. C or Do is the first Note of the fixed-Do Solfege. In Western Music, the expression " Middle C " refers to the note Several trumpeters have achieved fame for their proficiency in the extreme high register, among them Lew Soloff, Andrea Tofanelli, Bill Chase, Roger Ingram, Maynard Ferguson, Wayne Bergeron, Anthony Gorruso, Dizzy Gillespie, Jon Faddis, Cat Anderson, James Morrison, Doc Severinsen and Arturo Sandoval. Lew Soloff (born February 20, 1944 in New York City) is a Jazz Trumpeter, Composer and Actor. Andrea Tofanelli (born July 26 1965 is an Italian musician Biography Tofanelli began playing Trumpet in 1976 Bill Chase ( October 20, 1934 - August 9, 1974) was an American Trumpet player and leader of the eponymous Jazz-rock Walter Maynard Ferguson ( May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian Jazz Trumpet player and Bandleader Wayne Bergeron is a Jazz, studio /lead Trumpet player Wayne Bergeron is one of the most highly sought studio trumpet players on the Los Angeles Born in Buffalo NY Anthony Gorruso currently resides in Northern New Jersey Professional career Known for his extraordinary high range and rich sound Tony John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter Jon Faddis, born on July 24, 1953 in Oakland California, is an American Jazz Trumpet player William Alonzo Anderson, known as Cat Anderson ( 12 September 1916 &ndash 29 April 1981) was an American Jazz James Morrison AM (born 11 November 1962 in Boorowa New South Wales) is an Australian Jazz Musician who Carl Hilding "Doc" Severinsen (born July 7, 1927) is an American pop and Jazz Trumpeter. Arturo Sandoval (born November 6, 1949) is a Jazz Trumpeter and Pianist. It is also possible to produce pedal tones below the low F sharp, although this technique is more often encountered as a sound-production exercise than as a written trumpet part. Pedal tones are special notes in the harmonic series of cylindrical-bore Brass instruments A pedal tone has the pitch of its harmonic series' fundamental tone

The smallest trumpets are referred to as piccolo trumpets. The smallest of the Trumpet family is the piccolo trumpet. The most common of these instruments are built to play in both B-flat and A with separate leadpipes for each key The most common of these are built to play in both B flat and A, with separate leadpipes for each key. The tubing in the B-flat piccolo trumpet is one-half the length of that in a standard B-flat trumpet. Piccolo trumpets in G, F and even C are also manufactured, but are rarer. Many players use a smaller mouthpiece on the piccolo trumpet, which requires a different sound production technique from the B-flat trumpet and can limit endurance. Almost all piccolo trumpets have four valves instead of the usual three — the fourth valve lowers the pitch, usually by a fourth, to facilitate the playing of lower notes. Maurice André, Håkan Hardenberger, and Wynton Marsalis are some well-known piccolo trumpet players. Maurice André (born May 21, 1933) is a French Trumpeter, active in the classical music field Håkan Hardenberger (born 1961 Malmö) is a Swedish Trumpeter Taking up the trumpet at the age of eight under the guidance of hometown teacher Bo Wynton Learson Marsalis (b October 18, 1961) is an American Trumpeter and Composer.

trumpet in C with rotary valves

Trumpets pitched in the key of G are also called sopranos, or soprano bugles, after their adaptation from military bugles. "Bugler" redirects here For the tobacco brand see Bugler (tobacco. Traditionally used in drum and bugle corps, sopranos have featured both rotary valves and piston valves. A rotary valve is a type of Valve in which the rotation of a passage or passages in a transverse plug regulates the flow of liquid or gas through the attached pipes A piston valve is a device used to control the motion of a Fluid along a tube or pipe by means of the Linear motion of a Piston within

The bass trumpet is usually played by a trombone player, being at the same pitch. The bass trumpet is a type of low Trumpet which was first developed during the 1820s in Germany The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s Bass trumpet is played with a trombone or euphonium mouthpiece, and music for it is written in treble clef. The euphonium is a conical-bore, Baritone -voiced Brass instrument. A clef (from the French for "key" is a musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes.

The modern slide trumpet is a B-flat trumpet that has a slide instead of valves. The slide trumpet is a type of Trumpet that is fitted with a slide much like a Trombone. It is similar to a soprano trombone. There are many different types of trombones. The most frequently encountered trombones today are the tenor and bass though as with other Renaissance instruments such as the Recorder The first slide trumpets emerged during the Renaissance, predating the modern trombone, and are the first attempts to increase chromaticism on the instrument. The chromatic scale is a Musical scale with twelve pitches each a Semitone or Half step apart Slide trumpets were the first trumpets allowed in the Christian church. ^[9]

The historical slide trumpet was probably first developed in the late fourteenth century for use in alta capella wind bands. Alta capella were town wind bands found throughout continental Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries which typically consisted of Shawms and slide Trumpets Deriving from early straight trumpets, the Renaissance slide trumpet was essentially a natural trumpet with a sliding leadpipe. This single slide was rather awkward, as the entire corpus of the instrument moved, and the range of the slide was probably no more than a major third. Originals were probably pitched in D, to fit with shawms in D and G, probably at a typical pitch standard near A=466. The shawm was a Medieval and Renaissance Musical instrument of the Woodwind family made in Europe from the late 13th century until As no instruments from this period are known to survive, the details - and even the existence - of a Renaissance slide trumpet is a matter of some conjecture, and there continues to be some debate among scholars. ^[10]

Some slide trumpet designs saw use in England in the eighteenth century. ^[11]

The pocket trumpet is a compact B-flat trumpet. pocket trumpet is a compact size B Trumpet, with the same playing range as the regular trumpet The bell is usually smaller than a standard trumpet and the tubing is more tightly wound to reduce the instrument size without reducing the total tube length. Its design is not standardized, and the quality of various models varies greatly. It can have a tone quality and projection unique in the trumpet world: a warm sound and a voice-like articulation. Unfortunately, since many pocket trumpet models suffer from poor design as well as cheap and sloppy manufacturing, the intonation, tone color and dynamic range of such instruments are severely hindered. Professional-standard instruments are, however, available. While they are not a substitute for the full-sized instrument, they can be useful in certain contexts.

There are also rotary-valve, or German, trumpets, as well as alto and Baroque trumpets. A rotary valve is a type of Valve in which the rotation of a passage or passages in a transverse plug regulates the flow of liquid or gas through the attached pipes A "lip-vibrated aerophone" the baroque trumpet is a Musical instrument in the brass family (Smithers 1988

The trumpet is often confused with its close relative, the cornet, which has a more conical tubing shape compared to the trumpet's more cylindrical tube. The cornet is a Brass instrument very similar to the Trumpet, distinguished by its conical bore, compact shape and mellower tone quality A cone is a three-dimensional Geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat round base to a point called the apex or vertex A cylinder is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes the Surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given Straight line, the axis This, along with additional bends in the cornet's tubing, gives the cornet a slightly mellower tone, but the instruments are otherwise nearly identical. They have the same length of tubing and, therefore, the same pitch, so music written for cornet and trumpet is interchangeable. Another relative, the flugelhorn, has tubing that is even more conical than that of the cornet, and an even richer tone. The flugelhorn (also spelled fluegelhorn or flügelhorn) is a Brass instrument resembling a Trumpet but with a wider conical bore It is sometimes augmented with a fourth valve to improve the intonation of some lower notes.

Playing

Main article: Embouchure

Fingering

On any trumpet, cornet, or flugelhorn, pressing the valves indicated by the numbers below will produce the written notes shown - "OPEN" means all valves up, "1" means first valve, "1-2" means first and second valve simultaneously and so on. The embouchure is the use of facial muscles and the shaping of the lips to the Mouthpiece of a Wind instrument. The concert pitch which sounds depends on the transposition of the instrument. Engaging the fourth valve, if present, drops any of these pitches by a perfect fourth as well. Within each overtone series, the different pitches are attained by changing the embouchure, or lip position and "firmness". The embouchure is the use of facial muscles and the shaping of the lips to the Mouthpiece of a Wind instrument. Standard fingerings above high C are the same as for the notes an octave below (C sharp is 1-2, D is 1, etc. )

A step = a tone; a half step = a semitone

The volume of sound of the trumpet tone is controlled by the air pressure applied by the player. In Music, a whole tone scale is a scale in which each Note is separated from its neighbours by the interval of a Whole step. A semitone, also called a half step or a half tone, is the smallest Musical interval commonly used in Western tonal music and it is considered the

Note that the fundamental of each overtone series does not exist - the series begins with the first overtone. The fundamental tone, often referred to simply as the fundamental and abbreviated fo, is the lowest frequency in a harmonic series. An overtone is a natural resonance or vibration frequency of a system Notes in parentheses are the sixth overtone, representing a pitch with a frequency of seven times that of the fundamental; while this pitch is close to the note shown, it is slightly flat relative to equal temperament, and use of those fingerings is generally avoided. Equal temperament is a Musical temperament, or a system of tuning in which every pair of adjacent notes has an identical Frequency ratio.

The fingering schema arises from the length of each valve's tubing (longer lengths of tubing produces a lower pitch). Valve "1" increases the tubing length enough to lower the pitch by one whole step, valve "2" by one half step, and valve "3" by one and a half steps. This scheme and the nature of the overtone series create the possibility of alternate fingerings for certain notes. For example, third-space "C" can be produced with no valves engaged (standard fingering) or with valves 2-3. Also, any note produced with 1-2 as its standard fingering can also be produced with valve 3 - each drops the pitch by 1-1/2 steps. Alternate fingerings may be used to improve facility in certain passages. Extending the third valve slide when using the fingerings 1-3 or 1-2-3 further lowers the pitch slightly to improve intonation.

Instruction and method books

One trumpet method publication of long-standing popularity is Jean-Baptiste Arban's Complete Conservatory Method for Trumpet (Cornet). Joseph Jean Baptist Laurent Arban ( 28 February 1825 - 9 April 1889) was a Cornetist, conductor, pedagogue and the The Arban Method ( La grande méthode complète de cornet à piston et de saxhorn par Arban) is a complete pedagogical method for students of Trumpet, Cornet ^[12] Other well-known method books include "Technical Studies" by Herbert L. Clarke,^[13] "Grand Method" Louis Saint-Jacome, and methods by Claude Gordon and Charles Colin. ^[14] Vassily Brandt's Orchestral Etudes and Last Etudes^[15] is used in many college and conservatory trumpet studios, containing drills on permutations of standard orchestral trumpet repertoire, transpositions, and other advanced material. Karl Wilhelm (Vasily Georgievich Brandt (1869-1923 was a Russian trumpeter, Pedagogue, and Composer. A common method book for beginners is the "Walter Beeler Method", and there have been several instruction books written by virtuoso Allen Vizzutti. Allen Vizzutti (born September 13, 1952) is an American Trumpeter, Composer and music educator The Breeze Eazy method is sometimes used to teach younger students, as it includes general musical information.

Players

Main article: List of trumpeters

Dizzy Gillespie in 1988, a notable jazz trumpeter

The trumpet is used in many forms of music, though the most recognised players have been in the jazz field. This article lists notable Musicians who have played the Trumpet, Cornet or Flugelhorn. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Louis Armstrong, for example, was well known for his virtuosity with the trumpet. Louis Armstrong (August 4 1901 &ndash July 6 1971 nicknamed Satchmo or Sachimo and Pops, was an American Jazz Trumpeter Armstrong's improvisations on his Hot Five and Hot Seven records were daring and sophisticated while also often subtle and melodic. The Hot Five was Louis Armstrong 's first Jazz recording band led under his own name Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven was a Jazz studio group organized to make a series of recordings for Okeh Records in Chicago Illinois in May 1927 Miles Davis is widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. His trumpet playing was distinctive, with a vocal, clear tone that has been imitated by many. The phrasing and sense of space in his solos have been models for generations of jazz musicians. ^[16] Dizzy Gillespie was a trumpet virtuoso and gifted improviser, building on the virtuoso style of Roy Eldridge but adding layers of harmonic complexity previously unknown in jazz. John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, late Latin virtuosus, Latin virtus meaning skill manliness excellence is an individual Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of Roy David Eldridge ( January 30, 1911 &ndash February 26, 1989) nicknamed "Little Jazz" was an American In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music. In addition to his instrumental skills, Dizzy had an enormous impact on virtually every subsequent trumpeter, both by the example of his playing and as a mentor to younger musicians. Maynard Ferguson came to prominence playing in Stan Kenton's orchestra, before forming his own band in 1957. Walter Maynard Ferguson ( May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian Jazz Trumpet player and Bandleader Stanley Newcomb Kenton ( December 15, 1911 – August 25, 1979) was a pianist who led a highly innovative influential and often controversial He was noted for being able to play accurately in a remarkably high register. In Music, a register is the relative "height" or range of a Note, set of pitches or Pitch classes Melody ^[17]. While he was not the first trumpeter to play in the extreme upper register, he had a unique ability to play high notes with full, rich tone, power, and musicality. While regarded by some as showboating, Ferguson's tone, phrasing and vibrato was instantly recognizable and has been influential on and imitated by generations of amateur and professional trumpet players. A direct connection to Ferguson's style of playing continues in the work of the trumpeters who played with him, notably Wayne Bergeron. Wayne Bergeron is a Jazz, studio /lead Trumpet player Wayne Bergeron is one of the most highly sought studio trumpet players on the Los Angeles Although some had believed that Ferguson was endowed with exceptional facial musculature, he often shared in interviews that his command of the upper registers was based mostly on breath control,^[18] something he had discovered as a youngster in Montreal.

Among the other great modern jazz trumpet players are Clifford Brown, Jon Faddis, Harry James, Wynton Marsalis, Freddie Hubbard, Lee Morgan, Chet Baker, James Morrison, Arturo Sandoval, and Doc Severinsen. Clifford Brown ( October 30, 1930 &ndash June 26, 1956) aka " Brownie," was an influential and highly rated Jon Faddis, born on July 24, 1953 in Oakland California, is an American Jazz Trumpet player Harry James ( March 15, 1916 – July 5, 1983) was an American Musician and Band leader, and a well-known Wynton Learson Marsalis (b October 18, 1961) is an American Trumpeter and Composer. Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (born April 7 1938 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American Jazz Trumpeter. Lee Morgan ( 10 July, 1938 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania &ndash 19 February, 1972 in New York City) was an American Chesney Henry "Chet" Baker Jr ( Yale Oklahoma, 23 December 1929 - Amsterdam, 13 May 1988) was an American James Morrison AM (born 11 November 1962 in Boorowa New South Wales) is an Australian Jazz Musician who Arturo Sandoval (born November 6, 1949) is a Jazz Trumpeter and Pianist. Carl Hilding "Doc" Severinsen (born July 7, 1927) is an American pop and Jazz Trumpeter.

Notable classical trumpeters include Maurice André, Roger Voisin, William Vacchiano, Adolph "Bud" Herseth, Charles Schlueter, Malcolm McNab, Allen Vizzutti, Sergei Nakariakov, Maurice Murphy, and Philip Smith. Maurice André (born May 21, 1933) is a French Trumpeter, active in the classical music field Roger Louis Voisin ( 26 June 1918 &ndash 13 February 2008) was a French-born American classical Trumpeter William Vacchiano (1912 &ndash September 19, 2005) was a trumpeter and Trumpet instructor Adolph Sylvester (Bud Herseth, (born July 25 1921 in Lake Park MN) was principal Trumpet in the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 1948 until 2001 Charles Schlueter, born in Du Quoin Illinois, is the retired principal Trumpeter of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Malcolm Boyd McNab is a Trumpeter and player of other Brass instruments, and a Los Angeles-based Session musician who has performed on nearly 2000 Allen Vizzutti (born September 13, 1952) is an American Trumpeter, Composer and music educator Sergei Nakariakov (born May 10, 1977 in Gorky) is a Russian virtuoso Trumpeter who came to prominence in the late 1990s Maurice Murphy is a British musician and Principal Trumpet of the London Symphony Orchestra from 1977 to 2007 Philip Smith is an eminent American classical Trumpet player He is the principal trumpeter in the New York Philharmonic Orchestra.

A musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter. A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a

Musical pieces

The trumpet is used in a wide range of musical styles including classical, jazz, rock, blues, pop, ska, polka and funk. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more Ska ( pronounced /ska/ or in Jamaican Patois /skja/ is a Music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and which was the precursor The polka is a fast lively Central European Dance and also a genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul

Solos

The chromatic trumpet was first made in the late 1700s, but there were several solos written for the natural trumpet that are now played on piccolo trumpet. A natural trumpet is a valveless Brass instrument that is able to play the notes of the harmonic series.

See also

• List of trumpeters
• Muted trumpet
• Piccolo trumpet

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Don L. Smithers, The Music and History of the Baroque Trumpet Before 1721, Syracuse University Press, 1973, ISBN 0815621574
• Philip Bate, The Trumpet and Trombone: An Outline of Their History, Development, and Construction, Ernest Benn, 1978, ISBN 0393021297
• Roger Sherman, Trumpeter's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Playing and Teaching the Trumpet, Accura Music, 1979, ISBN 0918194024
• Stan Skardinski, You Can't Be Timid With a Trumpet: Notes from the Orchestra, Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, 1980, ISBN 0688419631
• Robert Barclay, The Art of the Trumpet-Maker: The Materials, Tools and Techniques of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries in Nuremberg , Oxford University Press, 1992, ISBN 0198162235
• James Arthur Brownlow, The Last Trumpet: A History of the English Slide Trumpet, Pendragon Press, 1996, ISBN 0945193815
• Frank Gabriel Campos, Trumpet Technique, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0195166922

External links

• International Trumpet Guild international trumpet players' association with online library of scholarly journal back issues, news, jobs and other trumpet resources.
• Jay Lichtmann's trumpet studies Scales and technical trumpet studies.
• Dallas Music — a non-profit musical instrument resource site
• A trumpet fingering chartPDF (43. 2 KiB)