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 Golden Toad, Bufo periglenes
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 Distribution of Bufonidae (in black)
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See text. The golden toad WikipediaNaming conventions (fauna --> ( Bufo periglenes) was a small shiny bright True Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Prehistoric amphibian Amphibians (class Amphibia such as Frogs Toads Salamanders Newts Gymnophiona, Sirens and This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. John Edward Gray ( 12 February 1800 &ndash 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. |
Bufonidae is a family of frogs known as toads and are the only family of frogs exclusively known as toads. In Biological classification, family ( Latin This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. A toad can refer to a number of Species of Amphibians in the order Anura. True toads comprise a number of genera, with Bufo being the most widespread and known. Bufo Laurenti, 1768 --> is a large Genus of about 150 species of true Toads in the Amphibian family Bufonidae. Only the genus Atelopus are commonly known as frogs. Atelopus is a large Genus of true toads natively distributed in Costa Rica to Bolivia and French Guiana.
True toads are widespread and occur natively on every continent except Australia and Antarctica, inhabiting a variety of environments, from arid areas to rainforest. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
True toads are toothless and generally warty in appearance and have a pair of parotoid glands on the back of their heads. For one of the human salivary glands see Parotid gland. The parotoid gland is an external skin Gland on the back neck and shoulder of Toads These glands contain a poison which the toads excrete when stressed. The poison in the glands contains a number of toxins causing different effects. Bufotoxin is a general term, different animals contain significantly different substances and proportions of substances. Bidder's organ are present in males. Bidder's organ is a spherical brownish organ in any member of the family Bufonidae, or simply toads
Taxonomy
Bufonidae contains about 500 species spread over 35 genera.
| Genus Latin Name and Author | Common Name | Spe- cies |
|---|---|---|
| Adenomus Cope, 1861 |
3
|
|
| Altiphrynoides Dubois, 1987 | Ethiopian Toads |
2
|
| Amietophrynus Frost et. Adenomus is a small genus of true toads with only three species endemic to Sri Lanka. Altiphrynoides is a genus of Toads commonly referred to as Ethiopian toads. Amietophrynus is a large genus of True toads native to Africa. al. , 2006 |
38
|
|
| Andinophryne Hoogmoed, 1985 | Andes Toads |
3
|
| Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 | Stream Toads |
25
|
| Atelopus Duméril & Bibron, 1841 | Stubfoot Toads |
82
|
| Bufo Laurenti, 1768 | Toads |
150
|
| Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani, 1973 | Mawblang Toads |
1
|
| Capensibufo Grandison, 1980 | Cape Toads |
2
|
| Churamiti Channing & Stanley, 2002 |
1
|
|
| Crepidophryne Cope, 1889 | Cerro Utyum Toads |
3
|
| Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1871 | Tree Toads |
7
|
| Didynamipus Andersson, 1903 | Four-digit Toads |
1
|
| Duttaphrynus Frost et. Andinophryne is a small genus of true toads with only three species found in the Andes. Atelopus is a large Genus of true toads natively distributed in Costa Rica to Bolivia and French Guiana. Bufo Laurenti, 1768 --> is a large Genus of about 150 species of true Toads in the Amphibian family Bufonidae. Bufoides meghalayanus is a species of True toad known as "Mawblang Toad" or "Khasi Hills Toad" Capensibufo is a small genus of true toads with only two species Churamiti maridadi is a species of Toad endemic to Tanzania. It is listed as a critical endangered species due to a restricted range and habitat loss Crepidophryne is a genus of Toads commonly referred to as Cerro Utyum Toads. Dendrophryniscus is a genus of true toads in the Bufonidae family Endemic to the atlantic forests of Brazil, amazonian Colombia Duttaphrynus is a genus of True toads It is endemic to southwestern and southern China (including Taiwan and Hainan) and throughout al. , 2006 |
6
|
|
| Epidalea Cope, 1864 | Natterjack Toads |
1
|
| Frostius Cannatella, 1986 | Frosts Toads |
2
|
| Ingerophrynus Frost et. The Natterjack Toad ( Epidalea calamita, formerly Bufo calamita) is a Toad native to sandy and heathland areas of Northern Europe Frostius ( Frosts Toads) is a small genus of true toads with only two species Ingerophrynus is a genus of true toads with eleven species This genus was established after a major taxonomically revision of frogs. al. , 2006 |
11
|
|
| Laurentophryne Tihen, 1960 | Parkers Tree Toads |
1
|
| Leptophryne Fitzinger, 1843 | Indonesia Tree Toads |
2
|
| Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 | South American Redbelly Toads |
20
|
| Mertensophryne Tihen, 1960 | Snouted Frogs |
20
|
| Metaphryniscus Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994 |
1
|
|
| Nectophryne Buchholz & Peters, 1875 | African Tree Toads |
2
|
| Nectophrynoides Noble, 1926 | African Live-bearing Toads |
13
|
| Nimbaphrynoides Dubois, 1987 | Nimba Toads |
2
|
| Oreophrynella Boulenger, 1895 | Bush Toads |
8
|
| Osornophryne Ruiz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1976 | Plump Toads |
6
|
| Parapelophryne Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2003 |
1
|
|
| Pedostibes Günther, 1876 | Asian Tree Toads |
6
|
| Pelophryne Barbour, 1938 | Flathead Toads |
9
|
| Pseudobufo Tschudi, 1838 | False Toads |
1
|
| Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826 | Beaked Toads |
72
|
| Schismaderma Smith, 1849 | African Split-skin Toads |
1
|
| Truebella Graybeal & Cannatella, 1995 |
2
|
|
| Werneria Poche, 1903 | Smalltongue Toads |
6
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| Wolterstorffina Mertens, 1939 | Wolterstorff Toads |
3
|
References
- Amphibian Species of the World 5.1 - Bufonidae. UserPolbot. --> Laurentophryne parkeri, also called "Parkers Tree Toad" is a species of Toad in Leptophryne is a small Genus of true toads with only two Species, found in southeast Asia in Peninsular Thailand through the Melanophryniscus ( South American Redbelly Toads) is a genus of Toads composed of 20 amphibian species located in Argentina, south of Mertensophryne or "Snouted Frogs" is a genus of True toads native to Eastern and southern Democratic Republic of Congo to Kenya UserPolbot. -->The Sapito Rugoso Del Marahuaka ( Metaphryniscus sosae) is a species of Toad in the Nectophryne ( African Tree Toads) is a small Genus of true toads with only two species Nectophrynoides is a genus of true toads endemic to Tanzania. Nimbaphrynoides is a small Genus of true toads with only two species Oreophrynella ( Bush Toads) is a genus of true toads native to south-central Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. Osornophryne ( Plump Toads) is a genus of true toads endemic to Colombia and Ecuador at Cordillera Central region Pedostibes ( Asian Tree Toads) is a genus of true toads endemic to South India, Malay Peninsula to Borneo and Sumatra Pelophryne ( Flathead Toads) is a genus of true toads endemic to Philippines, Borneo, Malaya, Singapore Pseudobufo subasper is a species of Toad in the Bufonidae family Rhinella ( Beaked Toads or Rio Viejo Toads) is a subgenus of Bufo (treated by some as a distinct genus containing 71 species UserPolbot. --> The African Red Toad or African Split-skin Toad ( Schismaderma carens) is a species Truebella is a genus of true toads native to Peru at Ayacucho and Junín regions Werneria ( Smalltongue Toads) is a genus of true toads endemic to Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. Retrieved on 2008-04-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama
- Stebbins, Robert. Western Reptiles & Amphibians (3rd ed. ). Houghton Mifflin Co. , 2003.
- Halliday, Tim R. , and Kraig Adler (editors). The New Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians. Facts on File, New York, 2002.
- Cogger, H. G. , and R. G. Zweifel, editors. 1998. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego.
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