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"Truckers" redirects here. For the novel by Terry Pratchett, see The Bromeliad. For the family of flowering plants see Bromeliaceae. The Bromeliad Trilogy (also known in the UK as The Nome Trilogy
This article is about truck drivers. For the CITV TV show, see Truckers (TV series). CITV (short for Children's ITV or Children's Independent Television) is the brand name used for the Majority of Children's television output A Stop motion Animated series of Truckers was produced in the United Kingdom by Cosgrove Hall for TV then released on VHS though edited
A typical truck driver
A typical truck driver

A truck driver (Commonly called a trucker, driver or teamster in the United States and Canada, a truckie or ute driver in Australia and New Zealand and a lorry driver or driver in the United Kingdom and Ireland) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck, usually a semi truck, box truck, or dump truck. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world This article is about the semi-truck For the North American use of the word see Pickup truck. truckcartransporterarp750pixjpg|thumb|right|A tractor with an auto-transport Semi-trailer. box truck, also known as a cube truck, cube van, bob truck, or box van, is a Truck with a Cube -shaped cargo area A dump truck or production truck is a Truck used for transporting loose material (such as Sand, Gravel, or dirt) for Construction

Truck drivers provide an essential service to industrialized societies by transporting finished goods and raw materials over land, typically from manufacturing plants to retail or distribution centers. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another A raw material is something that is acted upon or used by Organisms, or by human labour or Industry, for use as a Building material to create some product A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods Distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of Marketing mix. Truck drivers are also responsible for the inspection and maintenance of the vehicle used. Others, such as Driver/Sales workers, are also responsible for sales and customer service. Customer service (also known as Client Service) is the provision of service to customers before during and after a purchase

Contents

Types of truck drivers

There are two major types of truck driver employment:

Job categories

Both owner operators and company drivers can be in these categories.

A container truck.
A container truck.

Drivers working hours

All drivers are bound by laws limiting the amount of time they can work to prevent driver fatigue.

European Union

Main article: Drivers working hours

In the European Union, drivers working hours are regulated by EU regulation (EC) No 561/2006 [1] which entered into force on April 11, 2007. Drivers' working hours are regulations within the European Union which govern the working hours of Truck drivers, which entered into force on April 11 2007 The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Drivers' working hours are regulations within the European Union which govern the working hours of Truck drivers, which entered into force on April 11 2007 The non-stop driving time may not exceed 4. 5 hours. After 4. 5 hours of driving the driver must take a break period of at least 45 minutes. however, this can be split into 2 breaks, the first being at least 15 minutes, and the second being at least 30 minutes in length. The weekly driving time may not exceed 56 hours. In addition to this, a driver cannot exceed 90 hours driving in a fortnight. Note Please link only to revelant articles per "WPOVERLINK"

United States

Main article: Hours of service

In the United States, the hours of service (HOS) are regulated by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). The hours of service ( HOS) are regulations issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA governing the working hours of anyone operating a The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The hours of service ( HOS) are regulations issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA governing the working hours of anyone operating a The FMCSA was established as a separate administration within the U Commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers are not allowed to drive more than 11 hours in a 14-hour period, which then must be followed by a 10-hour break. Drivers are not allowed to drive more than 70 hours within a period of 8 days. [1] Drivers must complete a logbook documenting time spent driving. The hours of service ( HOS) are regulations issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA governing the working hours of anyone operating a The logbook must be kept current, and must be presented to law enforcement officials upon demand.

Australia

In Australia, drivers of trucks and truck and trailer combinations with gross vehicle mass greater than 12 tonnes[2] must rest for 30 minutes every 5 hours and stop for 10 hours of sleep for every 14 hours of work (includes driving and non-driving duties). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. After 72 working hours (not including time spent resting or sleeping) a driver must spend 24 hours away from his/her vehicle. Truck drivers must complete a logbook documenting hours and kilometres spent driving. [3]

Special licences

Australia

In Australia heavy vehicle licences are issued by the states but are a national standard; there are 5 classes of licence required by drivers of heavy vehicles:

A person must have a C class (car) licence for 1 year before they can apply for an LR or MR class licence and 2 years before they can apply for an HR, to upgrade to an HC class licence a person must have an MR or HR class licence for 1 year and to upgrade to an MC class licence a person must have an HR or HC class licence for 1 year. [4]

United Kingdom

In the UK, one or more of the categories of Large Goods Vehicle (LGV) licenses is required. Large Goods Vehicle ( LGV) or category N2 and N3, is the formal term in the European Union for goods vehicles (i This is still widely known as an HGV or Heavy Goods Vehicle license after its former name.

United States

Main article: Commercial Driver's License

The United States employs a truck classification system, and truck drivers are required to have a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) to operate a CMV weighing in excess of 26,000 pounds. A commercial driver's license ( CDL) is required in the United States to operate any type of vehicle with a gross weight of 26001 lb (11793 kg or over including Commercial truck classification in the United States is done based on the vehicle's Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. A commercial driver's license ( CDL) is required in the United States to operate any type of vehicle with a gross weight of 26001 lb (11793 kg or over including Although some state motor vehicle departments administer the CDL program, most are tested through a third party organization. Acquiring a CDL requires a skills test (driving test), and knowledge test (written test) covering the unique handling qualities of driving a large, heavily loaded 18-wheeler, and the mechanical systems required to operate such a vehicle (air brakes, suspension, cargo securement).

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) spells out the various classes of CDLs and the requirements to obtain one. The United States Department of Transportation ( DOT) is a federal Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with Transportation [5]

A tanker truck.
A tanker truck.

A CDL can also contain separate endorsements required to operate certain trailers or to haul certain goods. [5] These abbreviations appear as "endorsements" on the license and often appear in advertisements outlining the requirements for such jobs.

If a driver either fails the air brake component of the general knowledge test or performs the skills test in a vehicle not equipped with air brakes, the driver is issued an air brake restriction, restricting the driver from operating a CMV equipped with air brakes. A tank truck ( United States usage or tanker lorry ( United Kingdom usage is a Motor vehicle designed to carry liquefied loads, A dangerous good is any Solid, Liquid, or Gas that can harm people other living Organisms property or the environment Air brakes are used in Trucks Buses trailers, and Semi-trailers.

Specifically, the five-axle tractor-semitrailer combination that is most commonly associated with the word "truck" requires a Class A CDL to drive. Beyond that, the driver's employer (or shipping customers, in the case of an independent owner-operator) generally specifies what endorsements their operations require a driver to possess. Truck drivers are considered technical professionals because they are required to obtain specialized education and professional licensure. At some truck driving schools, the required training can be completed in as little as three weeks.

Truck regulations on size, weight, and route designations

U. S.

Truck drivers are responsible for checking their own vehicle's axle and gross weights, usually by paying to be weighed at a truck stop scale. Truck weights are then checked by state authorities at a weigh station. A weigh station is a checkpoint along a highway to inspect vehicular weights

Commercial motor vehicles are subject to various state and federal laws regarding limitations on truck length (measured from bumper to bumper), and truck axle length (measured from axle to axle or fifth wheel to axle for trailers). The fifth wheel coupling provides the link between a Semi-trailer and the towing Truck, Tractor unit, leading trailer or dolly. The relationship between axle weight and spacing, known as the Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula, is designed to protect bridges. Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula is a Mathematical formula used by Truck drivers and United States Department of Transportation (DOT officials to determine [7]

A standard 18-wheeler consists of three axle groups: a single front (steering axle), the tandem (dual) drive axles, and the tandem trailer axles. Federal weight limits for NN traffic are:[8]

  1. 20,000 pounds for a single axle.
  2. 34,000 pounds for a tandem axle.
  3. 80,000 pounds for total weight.

The FMCSA regulates the length, width, and weight limits of CMVs for interstate commercial traffic. Interstate commercial traffic is generally limited to a network of interstate freeways and state highways known as the National Network (NN). Provided the truck remains on the NN, they are not subject to the state limits. State limits (which can be lower or higher than federal limits) come into effect for intrastate commercial traffic, provided the vehicle is not on the NN. There is no federal height limit, and states may set their own limits which range from 13 feet 6 inches (mostly on the east coast) to 14 feet (west coast). [9] As a result, the majority of trucks are somewhere between 13' 6" and 14' high. Truck drivers are also responsible for checking bridge height clearances (usually indicated by a warning sign). A traffic warning sign is a type of Traffic sign that indicates a hazard ahead on the road Not having enough vertical clearance, resulting in a "top out," can be a serious detriment to a driver's record.

Implementation of drug detection

Beginning in 1980, the administration of president Ronald Reagan proposed to put an end to drug abuse in the trucking industry with the then-recently developed technique of urinalysis, in a move to require regular random drug testing of all truck drivers nationwide. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions related to taking a Psychoactive drug or Performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect A urinalysis (or "UA" is an array of tests performed on Urine and one of the most common methods of Medical Diagnosis. For the episode of the American television series The Office, see " Drug Testing "

However, it was decided that implementing the measure at too great a speed could result in a shortage of truck drivers, which could in turn plunge the nation's economy into a recession, or worse, a depression. A recession is a contraction phase of the Business cycle. The U A recession is a contraction phase of the Business cycle. The U In the early 1980s, random drug testing was begun, and in the following years and decades was increased more and more at a gradual rate. Since that time, a large number of tractor-trailer operators have left the industry in search of other employment and a new generation of drivers has come in. It has now become extremely difficult for truck drivers to engage in drug use and remain undetected.

Truck driver issues (U. S. )

Turnover and driver shortage

In 2006, the U. S. trucking industry as a whole employed 3. 4 million drivers. [10] A major problem for the long-haul trucking industry is that a large percentage of these drivers are aging, and are expected to retire. Very few new hires are expected in the near future, resulting in a driver shortage. Currently, within the long-haul sector, there is an estimated shortage of 20,000 drivers. That shortage is expected to increase to 111,000 by 2014. [11] Trucking (especially the long-haul sector) is also facing an image crisis due to the long working hours, long periods of time away from home, the dangerous nature of the work, the relatively low pay (compared to hours worked), and a "driver last" mentality that is common throughout the industry.

Employee turnover within the long-haul trucking industry is notorious for being extremely high. In the 4th quarter of 2005, turnover within the largest carriers in the industry reached a record 136%[12], which means for every 100 new employees hired, 136 drivers quit their jobs.

Driver fatigue

Drivers are expected to follow the hours of service rules set forth by the DOT. The hours of service ( HOS) are regulations issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA governing the working hours of anyone operating a A majority of long-haul drivers are paid by the mile, not by the hour. Consequently, these drivers receive no overtime pay for hours worked in excess of the standard forty-hour work week. Overtime is the amount of time someone works beyond normal working hours.

For these reasons, a number of drivers choose to break the rules and drive longer than is allowed, putting their health and safety, as well as other drivers on the road, at risk. Frequent slow-downs such as breakdowns, traffic jams, long hours spent loading and unloading, getting put "out of service" by the DOT due to equipment violations, combined with the relatively high expense of living away from home for long periods of time, also provide incentive for breaking the rules.

A dump truck.
A dump truck.

Drivers can get away with this rule-breaking due to their paper-based log books. The hours of service ( HOS) are regulations issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA governing the working hours of anyone operating a As a driver records their time spent behind the wheel, there is very little to stop them from forging (commonly known as "fudging") their log books. There is very superficial oversight and some drivers take advantage of this fact. As a response to this, one company, Werner Enterprises, has implemented electronic on-board recorders (EOBR) which automatically record the driving time and cannot be forged. Werner Enterprises Inc ( is one of the largest Trucking companies in the United States and has its Corporate headquarters in Omaha Nebraska. Any violation of the HOS will automatically be recorded and reported to the company which will result in almost immediate discipline or termination of employment. As a result of their success with EOBRs, the FMCSA is considering making them mandatory for all motor carriers. [13]

Time off

Due to the high demands of the job, O/O's are known to work for months at a time without taking days off to go home. Some of them even prefer to forgo a traditional house, and take up permanent residence within the truck (usually with the largest sleeper berth, equivalent to a small RV). In North American English the term recreational vehicle, and its acronym RV, are generally used to refer to an enclosed piece of equipment dually used as both Long-haul company drivers often receive as little as one day off for every week of work, such as working for four weeks and taking four days off. Regional drivers (who often drive dedicated routes between the same locations) usually work five days a week, and receive weekends off. LTL drivers most often work normal hours and do not sleep in their trucks, having nights (or days, depending on the shift worked) and weekends off.

Safety

From 1992-1995, truck drivers had a higher total number of fatalities than any other occupation, accounting for 12% of all work related deaths. [14] Truck drivers are five times more likely to die in a work related accident than the average worker. [15] Highway accidents accounted for a majority of truck driver deaths, most of them caused by confused drivers in passenger vehicles who are unfamiliar with large trucks.

The unsafe actions of automobile drivers are a contributing factor in about 70 percent of the fatal crashes involving trucks. More public awareness of how to share the road safely with large trucks is needed. [16]

—Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Truck drivers often spend their nights parked at a truck stop, rest area, or on the shoulder of a freeway ramp. The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. A truck stop is a commercial facility that provides fuel parking and usually food and other services to long-haul trucks A rest area, travel plaza, rest stop, or service area is a public facility located next to a large thoroughfare such as a Highway, Expressway Sometimes these can be in secluded areas or dangerous neighborhoods, which account for a number of deaths due to drivers being targeted by thieves for their valuable cargo or money. Drivers of trucks towing flatbed trailers are responsible for securing and strapping down their cargo (which often involves climbing onto the cargo itself), which accounts for a number of deaths and injuries from falling. Drivers spend long hours behind the wheel, which can cause strain on the back muscles. Some drivers are responsible for unloading their cargo, which can lead to many back strains and sprains due to overexertion and improper lifting techniques. A strain is an Injury to a Muscle in which the Muscle fibers tear as a result of overstretching. A sprain (from the French espraindre - to wring is an Injury which occurs to Ligaments caused by a sudden overtearing (for the Muscle Back injuries often occur as a result in unfavourable pressures to the spine during day to day activity

Satellite tracking

Most companies today utilize some type of satellite vehicle tracking or trailer tracking to assist in fleet management, and for increased productivity. This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location The term trailer tracking refers to the concept of tracking the position of an articulated vehicle ’s trailer unit Fleet management is the management of a company's Vehicle fleet. Productivity in Economics refers to measures of output from production processes per unit of input This allows a driver to input the information from a bill of lading (BOL) into a simple dot matrix display screen (commonly called a "Qualcomm", for their ubiquitous OmniTRACS system). A bill of lading (sometimes referred to as a BOL House bill of lading or B/L) is a document issued by a carrier, e A dot matrix is a 2-dimensional Array of dots used to generate characters symbols and images A display device is an Output device for presentation of Information for Visual or Tactile reception acquired stored or transmitted Qualcomm ( is a wireless telecommunications research and development company based in San Diego California This also allows the driver to communicate with their dispatcher, who is normally responsible for determining and informing the driver of their pick-up and drop-off locations. Dispatchers are communications personnel responsible for receiving and transmitting pure and reliable messages tracking vehicles and equipment and recording other important information

The driver inputs the information, using a keyboard, into an automated system of pre-formatted messages known as macros. A macro (from the Greek 'μάκρο' for long or far in Computer science is a rule or Pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence (often a sequence There are macros for each stage of the loading and unloading process, such as "loaded and leaving shipper" and "arrived at final destination". This system also allows the company to track the drivers fuel usage, speed, gear optimization, engine idle time, location, direction of travel, and amount of time spent driving. For other meanings including people named Idle see Idle (disambiguation.

Werner Enterprises, a U. Werner Enterprises Inc ( is one of the largest Trucking companies in the United States and has its Corporate headquarters in Omaha Nebraska. S. company based in Omaha, Nebraska, has utilized this system to implement a "paperless log" system. Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Instead of keeping track of working hours on a traditional pen and paper based logbook, the driver informs the company of his status using a macro.

Truck driver slang

U. S.

Main article: CB slang

Truck drivers once had a highly elaborate vocabulary of slang for use over their CB radios, but with the high turnover in the industry in recent decades, this has all but vanished. CB slang (commonly called "CB Talk" are terms that those operating CB radio used mainly during the CB craze of the 1970s and 1980s The vocabulary of a person is defined either as the set of all Words that are understood by that person or the set of all words likely to be used by that person when constructing CB slang (commonly called "CB Talk" are terms that those operating CB radio used mainly during the CB craze of the 1970s and 1980s Citizens' Band radio ( CB) is in many countries a system of short-distance simplex radio communications between individuals on a selection of 40 channels within See Turnover for other uses of the term Turnover, in a Human resources context refers to the characteristic of a given company or Most of the newer generation of drivers in the U. S. today speak to one another over their CB radios in more or less standard English (as understood in the various regions of the country), although a few of the slang words and phrases have remained, and many of these have passed into use in the colloquial language of the general public. Standard English (often shortened to SE within linguistic circles is a term generally applied to a form of the English language that is thought to be normative A colloquialism is an expression not used in formal speech, writing or Paralinguistics.

“Smokey” and “bear” are still used to refer to police officers, especially state patrolmen (and sometimes “diesel bear” for a DOT officer), though many new-school drivers merely say “police,” “policeman” and “cop. A police officer (also known as a policeman or policewoman) is a warranted employee of a Police force. ” “Hammer” still refers to the accelerator pedal, and “hammer lane” the left lane or passing lane on a freeway, in which traffic generally travels faster. A throttle is the mechanism by which the flow of a fluid is managed by constriction or obstruction A passing lane is the lane on a multi-lane Highway or Motorway closest to the center of the road (the Central reservation) “Handle”, meaning a nickname, was once exclusively truck-driver slang, but has now passed into common use by the public, especially for pseudonyms used on the Internet. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias) The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Most of the “ten codes” have been discontinued, except “10/4,” meaning “message received,” “affirmative,” “okay,” “understood,” which is still commonly used, and occasionally "10/20," referring to the driver's location. Ten-codes, properly known as ten signals, are Code words used to represent common phrases in voice communication particularly by law enforcement and in Citizen's

While not slang, one form of communication between drivers is to flash headlights or high beams on or off to indicate that a passing truck has cleared the passed vehicle and may safely change lanes. The passing driver may then flash the trailer or marker lights to indicate gratitude. This practice is sometimes also understood by the public; drivers of smaller vehicles occasionally use it to signal truck drivers as well.

Additionally, there is variation in the meanings of hand gestures within the industry. In the U. S. , when passing it is common for drivers to greet by lifting a hand off the steering wheel, backhand facing the other driver, with the index and middle fingers extended (known as the peace sign, or V sign), a gesture that in the UK would be equivalent to the raising of the middle finger at someone. The V sign is a hand Gesture in which the first and second fingers are raised and parted whilst the remaining fingers are clenched However, this meaning in England is largely unknown by Americans, and among American truck drivers it is intended as a friendly gesture of greeting between fellow workers in the industry.

Some truck-driver slang:

A bobtail truck tractor.
A bobtail truck tractor.

Australia

In popular culture

Truck drivers have been the subject of many films, such as They Drive By Night (1940), but they became an especially popular topic in popular culture in the mid-1970s, following the release of White Line Fever, and the hit song "Convoy" by C.W. McCall, both in 1975. For the 1938 film see They Drive by Night (1938 film They Drive by Night is a 1940 film starring George Raft Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. White Line Fever is a popular American B grade movie about Truck drivers released in 1975 " Convoy " is a 1975 Novelty song performed by CW McCall (pseudonym of Bill Fries that became a number-one hit in the USA (#2 UK and helped CW McCall is the Pseudonym of William Dale Fries Jr (born November 15 1928, Audubon, Iowa, United States Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The main character of "Convoy" was a truck driver known only by his CB handle (C. Citizens' Band radio ( CB) is in many countries a system of short-distance simplex radio communications between individuals on a selection of 40 channels within B. name), "Rubber Duck. " Three years later, in 1978, a film was released with the same name. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Convoy is a 1978 Action film directed by Sam Peckinpah and starred Kris Kristofferson, Ali MacGraw, Ernest Borgnine In 1977, another film Smokey and the Bandit, was released, which revolves around the escapades of a truck driver and his friend as they transport a load of beer across state lines. Smokey and the Bandit is a 1977 movie starring Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Pat McCormick Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Smokey and the Bandit spawned two sequels. The 1978 film F.I.S.T. was a fictionalized account of the unionization of the trucking industry in the earlier 20th century, while the future of truck driving was speculated on in the 1996 film Space Truckers in which trucking has gone beyond planetary loads to interplanetary ones. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) FIST is a 1978 movie directed by Norman Jewison and starring Sylvester Stallone. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Space Truckers, written and directed by Stuart Gordon, is a comedy/ sci-fi movie released in the spring of 1996 was filmed at Ardmore Studios A planet, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU is a celestial body Orbiting a Star or stellar remnant that is One episode of Cowboy Bebop, "Heavy Metal Queen", also features space-faring "truck" drivers. is a Japanese animated television series. Directed by Shinichirō Watanabe and written by Keiko Nobumoto, Cowboy Bebop was produced by

Truck drivers also have been villainously portrayed in such films as Duel, Joy Ride, Breakdown, The Hitcher and Supergirl. Duel is a 1971 Television movie about a motorist (played by Dennis Weaver) on a remote and lonely road being stalked by a large Tanker truck Joy Ride redirects here For other uses of "Joy Ride" or "Joyride" see Joyride. Breakdown is a 1997 film written and directed by Jonathan Mostow. The Hitcher is a 1986 horror / thriller Film, directed by Robert Harmon and written by Eric Red. Supergirl is a 1984 Superhero Film. It stars Helen Slater in her first motion picture role in the title role of the DC Comics

B.J. and the Bear was a television series depicting the exploits of a truck driver and his chimpanzee companion. BJ and the Bear was a Comedy-drama Television series which aired on NBC from 1979 to 1981. A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U Chimpanzee (often shortened to chimp) is the common name for the two extant Species of Apes in the Genus Pan. Another was Movin' On, starring Claude Akins and Frank Converse. Movin' On is a Television show that ran for two seasons (and a total of forty-six episodes between 1974 and 1976 Claude Marion Akins ( May 25, 1926 — January 27, 1994) was an American actor Frank Converse (born May 22, 1938 in St Louis Missouri) is an American actor Trucker Buddy is a lovable (albeit terrifying) trucker that makes appearances in The Mediocre Show. That character should not be confused with Trucker Buddy, the non-profit international penpal organization (www. truckerbuddy. org) in which truck drivers are teamed with an elementary school class from 2nd-8th grade. Drivers send weekly postcards and write letters describing the trucking industry, lifestyle, and travel, and sometimes even make classroom visits so the kids can meet 'their driver' in person and see a big rig up close! T. B. I. was founded in the 1992 by the late Gary King and now has a membership of nearly 4000 drivers with classrooms throughout North America, Austalia, New Zealand, and Iceland.

On 17 June 2007, the History Channel began to air Ice Road Truckers, a documentary-style reality television series following truck drivers as they drive across the ice roads (frozen lakes in mid-winter), in the Northwest Territories in Canada, as they transport equipment to the diamond mines in that area. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. History, formerly known as The History Channel, is a Satellite and Cable TV channel, with shows on historical events and persons&mdashoften Ice Road Truckers is an American documentary -style Reality television series that debuted on The History Channel US Reality television is a genre of Television programming which presents purportedly unscripted dramatic or humorous situations documents actual events and usually features ordinary The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

Trucking organizations (U. S. )

Major trucking companies

Australia

U. TemplateInfobox Union for usage-->The International Brotherhood of Teamsters ( IBT) formerly known by the The Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association ( OOIDA) is an international trade organization dedicated to the interests of Truck drivers. The American Trucking Associations (ATA was founded in 1933 by a national affiliation of state trucking organizations TOLL () ( properly TOLL Holdings Limited, is Australia 's largest Transport company based in Melbourne, Victoria CEVA Logistics ( "seeva") is a Logistics company formerly known as TNT Logistics which was a division of TNT. Linfox is a transport company established in Australia by Lindsay Fox in 1956. S.

Major truck manufacturers

See also

References

  1. ^ 395.3. Celadon is a term for Ceramics denoting both a type glaze, and a ware of a specific color also called celadon. Covenant Transport Inc is a truckload carrier headquartered in Chattanooga TN. JB Hunt Transport Services Inc ( is a Trucking and transportation company that was founded by Johnnie Bryan Hunt, and based in the Northwest Arkansas Schneider National Inc is the largest Privately owned Truckload carrier in North America. Swift Transportation is a Phoenix Arizona based privately held American truckload motor shipping carrier, the largest in the United States USA Truck Origin Founded in 1989 It could be called an orphan corporation that was left in the wake of a hostile takeover Werner Enterprises Inc ( is one of the largest Trucking companies in the United States and has its Corporate headquarters in Omaha Nebraska. Mack Trucks is one of the world's leading Truck - Manufacturing companies. Peterbilt Motors Company is a Manufacturer of medium- and heavy-duty Class 5 through Class 8 Trucks headquartered in Denton Texas Kenworth is a Manufacturer of medium and Heavy-duty Class 8 Trucks based in Kirkland Washington, United States Navistar International Corporation ( (formerly International Harvester Company) is a manufacturer of International brand commercial trucks MaxxForce brand diesel The trucking industry (also referred to as the transportation or logistics industry is the Transport and Distribution of commercial and industrial CB slang (commonly called "CB Talk" are terms that those operating CB radio used mainly during the CB craze of the 1970s and 1980s A convoy is a group of Vehicles (of any type but usually motor vehicles or ships traveling together for mutual support A truck stop is a commercial facility that provides fuel parking and usually food and other services to long-haul trucks Road transport ( British English) or road transportation ( American English) is Transport on Roads of passengers or goods TemplateInfobox Union for usage-->The International Brotherhood of Teamsters ( IBT) formerly known by the In American English a semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle Tarcutta is a small town located 438km south-west of Sydney on the Hume Highway in New South Wales, Australia. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  2. ^ http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/heavyvehicles/regulations/hv_drivinghours.html
  3. ^ http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/heavyvehicles/regulations/hv_standardhours.html
  4. ^ http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/licensing/downloads/national_driver_licence_classes_06.pdf
  5. ^ a b Commercial Drivers License Program. http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov. U. S. Department of Transportation - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Retrieved on 2008-01-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  6. ^ HAZMAT Endorsement Threat Assessment Program. Transportation Security Administration. Retrieved on 2008-02-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons
  7. ^ Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula (PDF). http://www.randmcnally.com. Rand McNally. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  8. ^ 658.17. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  9. ^ Federal Size Regulations for Commercial Motor Vehicles (PDF). http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  10. ^ Truck Drivers and Drivers/Sales Workers. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor (2007-12-18). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Retrieved on 2008-01-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  11. ^ Global Insight, Inc. (May 2005). The U.S. Truck Driver Shortage: Analysis and Forecasts (PDF). U. S. General Services Administration. Retrieved on 2008-02-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons
  12. ^ Einat Paz-Frankel. Truck driver turnover reaches record level. Memphis Business Journal. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  13. ^ Sean Kilcarr. EOBR debate heats up. Drivers. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  14. ^ Andrew T. Knestaut (Fall 1997). Fatalities and Injuries Among Truck and Taxicab Drivers (PDF). Compensation and Working Conditions. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
  15. ^ Profile of Fatal Work Injuries in 1996 (PDF). Compensation and Working Conditions. Bureau of Labor Statistics (Spring 1998). Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
  16. ^ Safety and Health Topics: OSHA Assistance for the Trucking Industry. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen

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External links

Dictionary

truck driver

-noun

  1. A person employed to drive a semi truck.
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