A troll is a fearsome member of a mythical race from Norse mythology. The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" Norse mythology comprises the indigenous pre-Christian religion, beliefs and Legends of the Scandinavian peoples including those who settled on Iceland Originally more or less the Nordic equivalents of giants, although often smaller in size, the different depictions have come to range from the fiendish giants – similar to the ogres of England (also called Trolls at times, see Troller's Gill) – to a devious, more human-like folk of the wilderness, living underground in hills, caves or mounds. The Mythology and Legends of many different Cultures include monsters of human appearance but prodigious size and strength An ogre (feminine ogress) is a large cruel and hideous Humanoid Monster, featured in mythology folklore and fiction England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Troller's Gill is a Limestone Gorge, close to the village of Appletreewick in the Yorkshire Dales ( In the Faroe islands, Orkney and Shetland tales, trolls are called trows, adopted from the Norse language when these islands were settled by Vikings. The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Shetland (formerly spelled Zetland, from etland; Old Norse non Hjaltland; Sealtainn is an Archipelago off the northeast coast of In the folkloric traditions of the Orkney and A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas
Nordic literature, art and music from the romantic era and onwards has adapted trolls in various manners – often in the form of an aboriginal race, endowed with oversized ears and noses. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the From here, as well as from Scandinavian fairy tales such as Three Billy Goats Gruff, trolls have achieved international recognition, and in modern fantasy literature and role-playing games, trolls are featured to the extent of being stock characters. Three Billy Goats Gruff ( De tre bukkene Bruse) is a famous traditional Fairy tale of Norwegian origin in which three goats cross Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting A stock character is one which relies heavily on cultural types or names for his or her personality manner of speech and other characteristics
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Origin of the myth
In the genre of paleofiction, the distinguished Swedish-speaking Finnish paleontologist Björn Kurtén has entertained the theory (e. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. Björn Olof Lennartson Kurtén (1924 &ndash 1988 was a distinguished Vertebrate Paleontologist. g. in Dance of the Tiger) that trolls are a distant memory of an encounter with Neanderthals by our Cro-Magnon ancestors some 40,000 years ago during their migration into northern Europe. Dance of the Tiger is a short novel published in English in 1980 by palaeontologist Björn Kurtén that deals with the interaction between Neanderthals The Neanderthal (neɪˈændərtɑːl also with /niː-/ and /-θɔːl/ or Neandertal, is an extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from Cro-Magnon ( French) is one of the main types of Homo sapiens of the European Upper Paleolithic, living approximately 40000 to 10000 years Spanish paleoanthropologist Juan Luis Arsuaga provides evidence for these types of encounters in his 1999 book El collar del Neandertal ('The Neanderthal's Necklace'). Juan Luis Arsuaga Ferreras (born 1954 in Madrid) obtained a Bachelor degree and a Doctorate in Biological Sciences at the Universidad The theory that Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons occupied the same area of Europe at the same time in history has been theorized based on fossil evidence. FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. Other researchers believe that they just refer to neighboring tribes. The problem with this theory of Trolls is that there are theories and evidence underbuilding that bigger areas in Europe and the Middle East were inhabited by these two groups at the same time. Encounters could have happened due to nomadic tribes and long distance hunting, etc. Nonetheless there is no coherent research showing a phenomenon or histories of "troll-like beings" in all these places reducing the post facto of Neanderthals preceding Trolls as nothing more than faintly plausible for the beholder of today.
Another explanation for the troll myth is that the trolls represent the remains of the forefather-cult which was ubiquitous in Scandinavia until the introduction of Christianity in the 10th and 11th centuries. In this cult the forefathers were worshipped in sacred groves, by altars or by gravemounds. One of the customs associated with this practice was to sit on top of a gravemound at night, possibly in order to make contact with the deceased. With the introduction of Christianity however, the religious elite sought to demonize the pagan cult, and denounced the forefathers as evil. For instance, according to Magnus Håkonsen's laws from 1276 it is illegal to attempt to wake the "mound-dwellers". It is in these laws that the word troll appears for the first time, denoting something heathen and generally unfavourable.
This fits with the trolls in Norse sagas who are often the restless dead, to be wrestled with or otherwise laid to rest.
Scandinavian folklore
History
The meaning of the word troll is unknown. It might have had the original meaning of supernatural or magical with an overlay of malignant and perilous. The term supernatural or supranatural ( Latin: super, supra "above" + natura "nature" pertains to entities events Magic, sometimes known as sorcery, is a Conceptual system that asserts human ability to control the natural world (including events objects people and Another likely suggestion is that it means "someone who behaves violently". In old Swedish law, trolleri was a particular kind of magic intended to do harm. It should also be noted that North Germanic terms such as trolldom (witchcraft) and trolla/trylle (perform magic tricks) in modern Scandinavian languages does not imply any connection with the mythical being. The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers Moreover, in the sources for Norse mythology, troll can signify any uncanny being, including but not restricted to the Norse giants (jötnar). Norse mythology comprises the indigenous pre-Christian religion, beliefs and Legends of the Scandinavian peoples including those who settled on Iceland A jötunn, sometimes anglicized as jotun (pronounced yotun is a giant in Norse mythology, a member of a race of nature spirits with superhuman strength
In Skáldskaparmál, the poet Bragi Boddason encounters a troll-woman who hails him with this verse (in Old Norse):
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The ambiguous original sense of the word troll appears to have lived on for some time after the Old Norse literature was documented. This can be seen in terms such as sjötrollet (the sea troll) as a synonym for havsmannen (the sea man) – a protective spirit of the sea and a sort of male counterpart to the female sjörå (see huldra). Huldra is also the name of a witch in Sheri S Tepper 's The True Game series of novels
There are many places in Scandinavia that are named after trolls, such as the Swedish town Trollhättan (Troll's bonnet) and the legendary mountain Trollkyrka (Troll church). Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Trollhättan ( is a city (pop 53952 (2007 in Västergötland, Sweden, and the seat of Trollhättan Municipality, Västra Götaland Trollkyrka (" Troll 's church" ( is a secluded Butte -like rock in the heart of the National Park of Tiveden, Sweden, which served as The most famous in Norway are Trollfjorden, Trollheimen, Trollhetta, Trollstigen, Trolltindan and Trollveggen. Trollheimen is a mountain range in Møre og Romsdal and Sør-Trøndelag counties in central Norway. Trollhetta is a mountain in Trollheimen, Norway. The mountain has two peaks of 1596 (north and 1616 (south meters seen in the picture Trollstigen (The Troll Ladder is a mountain road in Rauma, Norway, part of Norwegian national road 63 connecting Åndalsnes in Rauma and Valldal in The Troll Wall ( Trollveggen) is part of the mountain Massif Trolltindene (Troll Peaks in the Romsdal valley near Åndalsnes
The Jætte Trolls
Gradually, forming of two main traditions regarding the use of troll can be discerned. In the first tradition, the troll is large, brutish and a direct descendant from the Norse jötnar. They are often described as ugly or having beastly features like tusks or cyclopic eyes. This is the tradition which has come to dominate fairy tales and legends (see below), but it is also the prominent concept of troll in Norway. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional As a general rule, what would be called a "troll" in Norway would in Denmark and Sweden be a "giant" (jætte or jätte, related to jötunn/jotunn in Jotunheimen). Jotunheimen ( English: The Home of the Giants is a mountainous area of roughly 3500 km² in Southern Norway.
In some Norwegian accounts, such as the middle age ballade Åsmund Frægdegjevar [1], the trolls live in a far northern land called Trollebotten – the concept and location of which seems to coincide with the Old Norse Jötunheimr. Jötunheimr (often anglicized Jotunheim) is the world ( Heim 'home homeland' of the Jötunn (two types rock (or hill giants and frost (or
The Vitterfolk Trolls
The second tradition is most prominent in southern Scandinavia. Huldra is also the name of a witch in Sheri S Tepper 's The True Game series of novels Conversely, what would be called trolls in southern Sweden and Denmark would be called huldrefolk in Norway and vitterfolk in northern Sweden. The south-Scandinavian term probably originate in a generalization of the terms haugtrold (mound-troll) or bergtroll (mountain-troll), as trolls in this tradition are residents of the underground.
These trolls have a human-like appearance. Sometimes they had a tail hidden in their clothing, but even that is not a definite. Many of these trolls had a single lock of hair that no human could comb, whereas the rest was generally messy. A frequent way of telling a human-looking troll in folklore is to look at what it is wearing: Troll women in particular were often too elegantly dressed to be human women moving around in the forest. They could attract human males to do their bidding, or simply as mates or pets. Later these would be found wandering, decades later, with no memory of what had happened to them in a troll woman's care.
More often than not, though, the trolls kept themselves invisible, and then they could travel on the winds, such as the wind-troll Ysätters-Kajsa, or sneak into human homes. Ysätters-Kajsa was a wind- Troll, that people used to believe in in the Swedish province of Närke. Sometimes you could only hear them speak, shout and make noise, or the sound of their cattle. Similarly, if you were out in the forest and smelled food cooking, you knew you were near a troll dwelling. The trolls were also great shapeshifters, taking shapes of objects like fallen logs or animals like cats and dogs. A fairly frequent notion is that the trolls liked to appear as rolling balls of yarn.
Whereas the large, ogrish trolls often appear as a solitary being, the "small" trolls were thought to be social beings who lived together, much like humans except out in the forest. They kept animals, cooked and baked, were excellent at crafts and held great feasts. Like many other species in Scandinavian folklore, they were said to reside in underground complexes, accessible from underneath large boulders in the forests or in the mountains. These boulders could be raised upon pillars of gold. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 In their living quarters, they hoard gold and treasures. Opinion varied as to whether or not the trolls were thoroughly bad or not, but often they treated people as they were treated. Trolls could cause great harm if vindictive or playful, though, and regardless of other things they were always heathen. Trolls were also great thieves, and liked to steal from the food that the farmers had stored. They could enter the homes invisibly during feasts and eat from the plates so that there was not enough food, or spoil the making of beer and bread so that it failed or did not end up plentiful enough.
The trolls sometimes abducted people to live as slaves or at least prisoners among them. These poor souls were known as bergtagna ("those taken to/by the mountain"), which also is the Scandinavian word for having been spirited away. To be bergtagen does not only refer to the disappearance of the person, but also that upon returning, he or she has been struck with insanity or apathy caused by the trolls. Anyone could be taken by the trolls, even cattle, but at the greatest risk were women who had given birth but not yet been taken back to the church.
Occasionally, the trolls would even steal a new-born baby, leaving their own offspring – a (bort)byting ("changeling") – in return. A Changeling is a being in West European Folklore and Folk religion, typically described as the offspring of a Fairy, Troll
To ward off the trolls you could always trust in Christianity: Church bells, a cross or even words like "Jesus" or "Christ" would work against them. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Like other Scandinavian folklore creatures they also feared iron. Apart from that they were hunted by Thor, one of the last remnants of the old Norse mythology, who threw Mjolnir, his hammer, causing lightning bolts to kill them. Thor ( Old Norse: Þórr) is the red-haired and bearded God of Thunder in Germanic paganism and its subset Norse paganism Norse mythology comprises the indigenous pre-Christian religion, beliefs and Legends of the Scandinavian peoples including those who settled on Iceland Though Mjolnir was supposed to return to Thor after throwing, these hammers could later be found in the earth (actually Stone Age axes) and be used as protective talismans. The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking
Fairytales and legends
While the everyday folklore consisted mostly of short anecdotes describing things that had (supposedly) happened to local people, fairytales are narratives that rarely claim to be true in the same way. Many of the fairytales featuring trolls were written in the late 19th century to early 20th century, reflecting the romanticism of the time, and published in fairytale collections like Tomtar och Troll. The term neo-romanticism is used to cover a variety of movements in music and painting These tales, and illustrations by artists like John Bauer and Theodor Kittelsen, would come to form the ideas most people have of trolls today. John Bauer ( June 4, 1882 – November 20, 1918) was a Swedish painter and illustrator Theodor Severin Kittelsen ( April 27, 1857 – January 21, 1914) was a Norwegian Artist born in the coastal Town of
Legends from the Middle Ages and earlier also feature a kind of trolls of more horrifying dimensions. This might reflect a past view of trolls as distinctly bad creatures that would soften in later folklore (see the above), or just be another example of fantastic tales demanding fantastic dimensions.
In fairytales and legends trolls are less the people living next to humans and more frightening creatures. Particularly in these tales they come in any size and can be as huge as giants or as small as dwarfs. The Mythology and Legends of many different Cultures include monsters of human appearance but prodigious size and strength DWARF is a widely used standardized Debugging data format. DWARF was originally designed along with ELF, although it is independent of Object file They are often regarded as having poor intellect (especially the males, whereas the females may be quite cunning), great strength, big noses, long arms, and as being hairy and not very beautiful (Once again, females often constitute the exception, with female trolls frequently being comely). In Scandinavian fairy tales trolls sometimes turn to stone if exposed to sunlight, a myth generally attributed to pareidolia found in naturally eroded rock outcrops. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well A fairy tale or fairy story is a fictional Story that may feature folkloric characters (such as fairies, enchantments]] often involving The term pareidolia (pæraɪˈdoʊliə describes a psychological phenomenon involving a vague and random stimulus (often an image or sound being perceived as significant
Asbjørnsen and Moe's collection feature a number of traditional fairy tales where trolls hold princesses captive, such as The Three Princesses of Whiteland, Soria Moria Castle, and Dapplegrim, and two where trolls invade homes on Christmas Eve to make merry, Tatterhood and The Cat on the Dovrefell. Norske Folkeeventyr ( Norwegian Folktales) is a collection of Norwegian folktales and legends by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and The Three Princesses of Whiteland is a Norwegian Fairy tale, collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe. Soria Moria Castle is a Norwegian Fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in Norske Folkeeventyr. Dapplegrim is a Norwegian Fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in their Norske Folkeeventyr. Christmas Eve, December 24, is the day before Christmas Day, the celebrated birthday of Jesus. Tatterhood is a Fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe. Female trolls may conspire to force the prince to marry their daughters, as in East of the Sun and West of the Moon, or practice witchcraft, as in The Witch in the Stone Boat, where a troll usurps a queen's place, or The Twelve Wild Ducks, where she turns twelve princes into wild ducks. East of the Sun and West of the Moon is the Norwegian version of an old Scandinavian Fairy tale. The Witch in the Stone Boat is an Icelandic Fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in The Yellow Fairy Book. The Twelve Wild Ducks is a Norwegian Fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in Norske Folkeeventyr. In other tales, the hero matches wits with the troll: Boots and the Troll, and Boots Who Ate a Match With the Troll. Boots and the Troll is a Norwegian Fairy tale collected by Asbjørnsen and Moe. Boots Who Ate a Match With the Troll is a Norwegian Fairy tale collected by Asbjørnsen and Moe.
The following excerpts from the Danish Ballad of Eline of Villenskov describe the physical aspects of trolls within Scandinavian mythology:
- There were seven and a hundred Trolls,
- They were both ugly and grim,
- A visit they would the farmer make,
- Both eat and drink with him.
- Out then spake the tinyest Troll,
- No bigger than an emmet was he,
- Hither is come a Christian man,
- And manage him will I surelie
Nordic art, music and literature
Edvard Grieg, a prominent Norwegian composer of the later 19th century, wrote several pieces on trolls, including a score based on Henrik Ibsen's Peer Gynt, with the famous In the Hall of the Mountain King, and March Of The Trolls. "Ibsen" redirects here For other people named Ibsen see Ibsen (disambiguation. Peer Gynt (per gʏnt is a play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. In the Hall of the Mountain King (I Dovregubbens hall is a piece of orchestral music Opus 23 composed by Edvard Grieg for Henrik Ibsen 's Regarding his motivations, Grieg wrote: "The peculiar in life was what made me wild and mad. . . dwarf power and untamed wildness. . . audacious and bizarre fantasy. " Grieg's former home, Troldhaugen ("The Troll's Hill"), is now a museum. Troldhaugen was the home of Norwegian Composer Edvard Grieg, located in his hometown Bergen. [2][3]
Like Grieg, conductor Johan Halvorsen was a nationalist Norwegian composer. Johan Halvorsen ( 15 March 1864 &ndash 4 December 1935) was a Norwegian Composer, conductor and Violinist He wrote, The Princess and the Giant Troll, The Trolls enter the Blue Mountain, and Dance of the Little Trolls. Geirr Tveitt was heavily influenced by Grieg's romanticism and cultural exploration of Scandinavian folklore and Norwegian folk-music. Geirr Tveitt, born Nils Tveit ( October 19, 1908 &ndash February 1, 1981) was a Norwegian Composer and Pianist Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Beings of Scandinavian folklore Perhaps most abundant are the stories about the race of Trolls ' a cunning and deceitful people living in the forestlands Tveitt's Troll Tunes, includes works such as Troll-Tuned Hardanger Fiddle, and The Boy With The Troll-Treasure. Tragically, 80% of Tveitt's oeuvre was destroyed in a fire.
Few Norwegian illustrators or painters have managed to capture these strange creatures and the enchanted atmosphere of Norwegian nature on paper an canvas as successfully as Theodor Kittelsen. Theodor Severin Kittelsen ( April 27, 1857 – January 21, 1914) was a Norwegian Artist born in the coastal Town of Kittelsen's art and artistic use of the medium of drawing, with black and white extremities and scales of gray in between, are in a class of their own in Norwegian art. Theodor Kittelsen was fascinated by this shadowy world populated by supernatural siren beings and spirits. Walking in the forests and fields, he could see them everywhere: in the mists over the marches, in the twilight surrounding fallen pine trunks and in the dripping fir trees on rainy days.
In Swedish children's literature, trolls are not naturally evil, but primitive and misunderstood. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Their misdeeds are due to a combination of basic and common human traits, such as envy, pride, greed, naïveté, ignorance and stupidity. In some early 20th century fairy tales, by Elsa Beskow, trolls are also depicted as an aboriginal race of hunters and gatherers who are fleeing the encroaching human civilization. Elsa Beskow ( née Maartman) ( February 11, 1874 &ndash June 30, 1953) was a Swedish author and illustrator of Where man makes a road, the trolls disappear.
Young Scandinavian children usually understand the concept of trolls, and a way to teach children to brush their teeth is to tell them to get rid of the very small "tooth trolls" that otherwise will make holes in their teeth. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well This is a pedagogic device used to explain bacteria by the Norwegian author Thorbjørn Egner in his story Karius and Baktus. A lie-to-children is an expression that describes the simplification of technical or difficult to understand material for consumption by children The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have Thorbjørn Egner (born December 12, 1912 in Oslo, Norway, died December 24, 1990 in Oslo was a Norwegian
The Swedish-speaking Finnish author Tove Jansson has reached a world-wide audience with her Moomintrolls. Finland Swedish is a general term for the closely related cluster of Dialects of Swedish spoken in Finland by Swedish-speaking Finns as their Tove Marika Jansson ( August 9, 1914 – June 27, 2001) was a Finnish Novelist, painter, Illustrator The Moomins ( Swedish: Mumin, Finnish: Muumi) are the central characters in a series of Books and a Comic strip by Finnish
There is some speculation that the famous story Rumpelstiltskin originated from a troll folk tale which bears many similarities. Rumpelstiltskin is a character in a Fairy tale of the same name that originated in Germany (where he is known as Rumpelstilzchen) While the original story of the troll involves a preacher contracting a troll to build a church as opposed to a woman needing to spin straw into gold, the central element of a bargain which is satisfied by guessing the name of the involved party, and the subsequent death of the troll or being whose name is guessed is central to both stories. (see Fin (troll))
All the music of folk metal bands Finntroll and Trollfest are based on Trolls, presented as a naturalist, alcohol-loving and viciously anti-Christian and anti-human race. Fin is a Troll in a legend from Kalundborg, Zealand, Denmark. Folk metal is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music that developed in Europe during the 1990s Finntroll is a Folk metal band from Finland. They combine elements of Black metal with Finnish Polka, called Humppa Trollfest (sometimes written TrollfesT) are a Norwegian Folk metal band A troll is a fearsome member of a race of creatures from Norse mythology.
Gallery
Gallery of trolls as imagined by various Nordic artists.
.jpg/120px-Theodor_Kittelsen_-_Sjøtrollet,_1887_(The_Sea_Troll).jpg) The sea troll (Theodor Kittelsen, 1887). Theodor Severin Kittelsen ( April 27, 1857 – January 21, 1914) was a Norwegian Artist born in the coastal Town of |
.jpg/83px-Theodor_Kittelsen_-_Skogtroll,_1906_(Forest_Troll).jpg) Forest troll. (Theodor Kittelsen, 1906). Theodor Severin Kittelsen ( April 27, 1857 – January 21, 1914) was a Norwegian Artist born in the coastal Town of |
 Troll pondering its age. (Theodor Kittelsen, 1911). Theodor Severin Kittelsen ( April 27, 1857 – January 21, 1914) was a Norwegian Artist born in the coastal Town of |
 The changeling (John Bauer, 1913). John Bauer ( June 4, 1882 – November 20, 1918) was a Swedish painter and illustrator |
 Good evening, old man! the boy greeted (John Bauer, 1915). John Bauer ( June 4, 1882 – November 20, 1918) was a Swedish painter and illustrator |
 Statue of a troll at the Norwegian pavilion in Epcot, Walt Disney World Resort. Epcot is a Theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort. The park is dedicated to international Culture and technological Innovation. Walt Disney World Resort is the most visited and largest recreational resort in the world containing four Theme parks two Water parks twenty-three themed hotels |
 Troll statue in the forest near Geilo, Norway. is a centre in the municipality of Hol in Norway, in the valley of Hallingdal, with around 2300 inhabitants |
 Norwegian road sign - Troll Crossing |
 Senjatrollet, the largest troll in the world. |
See also:
- Gourmander, painting by Hasse Bredenberg [3] [4]. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional
- Världens största Trollmålning, mural by Rolf Lidberg [5].
- Trold, der vejrer kristenblod [6] [7], sculpture by Niels Hansen Jacobsen. Trold der vejrer kristenblod ( English: Troll that smells Christian blood) is a sculpture made by Niels Hansen Jacobsen (1861-1941
- The moomintrolls of Tove Jansson.
Trolls in America
Scandinavian folk-tales involving trolls such as "Three Billy Goats Gruff" are familiar to other European and European-derived cultures. In the US and Canada, the old belief in trolls is paralleled by a modern belief in Bigfoot and Sasquatch. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Bigfoot or Sasquatch is alleged to be an Ape -like creature inhabiting remote forests mainly in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada Bigfoot or Sasquatch is alleged to be an Ape -like creature inhabiting remote forests mainly in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada
Many statues of trolls adorn the downtown business district of Mount Horeb, Wisconsin, leading to the town being dubbed The Troll Capital. Mount Horeb is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. There is also a neighborhood on the northeast side of Fargo, North Dakota which is named Trollwood. Fargo is a city in Cass County, North Dakota in the United States.
Residents of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, known as Yoopers, refer to their lower-peninsula counterparts as "trolls," because they live "Under the Bridge" (Referring to the Mackinac Bridge. The Upper Peninsula of Michigan is the northern of the two major land masses that comprise the U The Mackinac Bridge (ˈmækɨnɔː with a silent "c" at the end of the word is a Suspension bridge spanning the Straits of Mackinac to connect the )
Northern Central California (Sacramento, Stockton, Lodi, Modesto, Yuba City and Marysville) hispanic residents tell their children tales of the "Colupe" (KOH-LOOPIE) the little man that lives in the walls which comes out at night stealing away the breath of its sleeping victims. This story was made famous in Stephen King's movie "Cat's Eye".
See also
- Dwarf
- Dark Elves
- Huldre
- Fin (troll)
- Grendel
- Moomin
- Ogre
- Patent troll
- Rölli
- Troll (Internet)(internet aggression)
References
- Folktro från förr, Ebbe Schön (2001), ISBN 91-7203-420-3
- Troll och människa, Ebbe Schön (1999), ISBN 91-27-06873-0
- Svensk folktro A-Ö, Ebbe Schön (1998), ISBN 91-518-2892-8
- Trollmakter og godvette, Olav Bø (1987), ISBN 82-521-2923-4
- Camilla Asplund Ingemark's, The Genre of Trolls. DWARF is a widely used standardized Debugging data format. DWARF was originally designed along with ELF, although it is independent of Object file Dark elves (Old Norse Dökkálfar, usually called the Svartálfar "black elves" are known as a class of elves living underground in Old Huldra is also the name of a witch in Sheri S Tepper 's The True Game series of novels Fin is a Troll in a legend from Kalundborg, Zealand, Denmark. Grendel is one of three Antagonists along with Grendel's mother and the Dragon, in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf The Moomins ( Swedish: Mumin, Finnish: Muumi) are the central characters in a series of Books and a Comic strip by Finnish An ogre (feminine ogress) is a large cruel and hideous Humanoid Monster, featured in mythology folklore and fiction Patent troll is a pejorative term used for a person or company that enforces its Patents against one or more alleged infringers in a manner considered unduly Rölli-Peikko ( Finnish for "Rölli the Troll " is a character from Finnish television portrayed by Allan "Allu" Tuppurainen An Internet troll, or simply troll in Internet slang, is someone who posts controversial and irrelevant or off-topic messages in an online community such as an Ebbe Schön (born 1929 is a Swedish writer literary historian and folklorist Ebbe Schön (born 1929 is a Swedish writer literary historian and folklorist Ebbe Schön (born 1929 is a Swedish writer literary historian and folklorist The Case of a Finland-Swedish Folk Belief Tradition is the first doctoral dissertation in Finland on traditional forest trolls. Her research describes trolls according to the folklore of Swedish-speaking Finns. Ingemark compares the style and content of troll tales in folklore with biblical stories.
References
External links
- Trollmoon – The Scandinavian Troll in Art and Folklore
- The Moomin Trove - comprehensive lists of Tove Jansson's Moomin books
- http://www.trollshop.net/trolls Norway based website with articles and stories about Trolls
- Art Passions – Images from Bland Tomtar Och Troll, and other illustrations from Norse mythology
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