Trip hop
Stylistic origins	Hip hop, Downtempo, House, Breakbeat, Acid jazz, Reggae, Rock music, Psychedelic music
Cultural origins	1990s Bristol, United Kingdom
Typical instruments	Keyboards (especially Rhodes), turntables, samplers, brass, strings
Mainstream popularity	High in the underground levels, mainly Western Europe and North America
Derivative forms	N/A
Subgenres
N/A
Fusion genres
N/A
Regional scenes
Bristol
Other topics
Bristol Urban Culture

Trip hop is a music genre also known as the Bristol sound or Bristol acid rap. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Downtempo (or Downbeat) is a laid-back Electronic music style similar to Ambient music, but usually with a beat or groove unlike House music is a style of Electronic dance music initially popularized in mid-1980s Discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino Breakbeat (sometimes breakbeats or breaks) is a term used to describe a collection of sub- genres of Electronic music, usually characterized Acid jazz (also known as groove jazz in USA is a Musical genre that combines elements of Jazz, Funk and Hip-hop Most Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Psychedelic music is a term that refers to a broad set of popular music styles genres and scenes that may include Psychedelic rock, psychedelic folk, Psychedelic Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. A Rhodes piano is an electromechanical Musical instrument, a brand of Electric piano. Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer. A sampler is an electronic musical instrument closely related to a Synthesizer. Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a Musical instrument that produces Sound by means of Vibrating strings In the Hornbostel-Sachs Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London The Bristol underground scene is a term used to describe the culture surrounding Trip hop, Drum and bass and Graffiti art that has A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set The trip hop description was applied to the musical trend in the mid-1990s of downtempo electronic music that grew out of England's hip hop and house scenes. Downtempo (or Downbeat) is a laid-back Electronic music style similar to Ambient music, but usually with a beat or groove unlike Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with House music is a style of Electronic dance music initially popularized in mid-1980s Discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino

Sometimes characterized by a reliance on breakbeats and a sample-heavy, often moody sound pioneered by Coldcut's remix of Eric B. & Rakim's "Paid in Full", trip hop gained notice via popular artists such as Massive Attack, Moloko, Portishead, Tricky, Björk, Thievery Corporation, Amon Tobin, and rock-influenced sound groups such as Ruby, California's DJ Shadow, Cut Chemist, Gorillaz, Unkle, and the UK's Howie B. In Popular music a break is an Instrumental or percussion section or interlude during a song derived from or related to Stop-time &ndash being Coldcut is a Dance music duo comprising English DJs Matt Black and Jonathan More best known for their hit "Doctorin' The Eric Barrier ( Eric B) and William Barrier Griffin Jr ( Rakim) were a hip-hop duo known as Eric B Massive Attack are an English Trip hop group founded in 1988 by Robert Del Naja, Grantley Marshall, and Andrew Vowles in Bristol Moloko (məˈloʊkoʊ were an Anglo-Irish electronic / pop duo consisting of Róisín Murphy from Wicklow, Republic of Ireland Portishead (pɔːtɪsˈhɛd IS an English musical group from Bristol. Tricky (born Adrian Thaws 27 January, 1968) is an English musician Björk Guðmundsdóttir (born 21 November 1965 is an Icelandic Singer-songwriter, Composer, actress and music producer. Thievery Corporation is a Washington DC -based recording artist and DJ duo consisting of Rob Garza and Eric Hilton and their supporting Amon Adonai Santos de Araujo Tobin, better known as Amon Tobin, is a Brazilian musician DJ, and producer of Electronic music Ruby was a UK/US band consisting of Scottish singer Lesley Rankine and American producer Mark Walk, formed in Seattle Washington DJ Shadow (born Josh Davis, June 29, 1972) is an American music producer, DJ and Songwriter. Cut Chemist is the performing name of Lucas MacFadden, a solo Turntablist. Gorillaz is a Virtual band created in 1998 by Damon Albarn of alternative rock band Blur, and Jamie Hewlett, co-creator of the Comic Unkle (also written as UNKLE and UNKLE) is a British musical outfit founded in 1994 by school friends James Lavelle and Tim Goldsworthy Howard Bernstein (born March 2 1963, Glasgow, Scotland) professionally known as Howie B, is a Musician and producer Morcheeba, originating from Hythe in Kent, Londoners Glideascope and New York's Bowery Electric are also often associated with this sound. Morcheeba ("Mor" meaning "middle of the road" and "cheeba" taken from the slang term for marijuana are a British band that mixes influences from Glideascope is a London based Downtempo / Trip-hop artist and producer who has pioneered a direction in the genre of downtempo music which he terms 'Audio Bowery Electric is a New York City -based musical duo formed by Lawrence Chandler and Martha Schwendener in 1994 The latest additions to this line of performers are Jem, Australia's Spook and the Anglo-Polish experimental collaboration Flykkiller. Jemma Griffiths (born June 18, 1975 in Penarth, Wales) better known as Jem, is a Welsh Singer-songwriter known Spook is an Australian band comprising of Chanel Cole and Daniel Belle along with electronic producers Dennis Gascoigne and Leo Hede better known as Statler FlyKKiller (also written as Flykkiller) is an electronic rock band consisting of Stephen Hilton and Polish vocalist Pati

Contents 1 History 2 Post trip hop 3 Trip-hop description 4 Musical aesthetics 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

History

Trip hop originated in the '90s in Bristol, England, during a time when American hip hop was taking over Europe's music industry. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The music industry is the business of Music. Although it encompasses the activity of many music-related businesses and organizations it is currently dominated by the "big British DJs decided to put a local spin on the international phenomenon and developed hip hop into a different style, marking the birth of trip hop. A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience A phenomenon (from Greek φαινόμενoν, pl φαινόμενα - phenomena) is any observable occurrence Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth Offspring. The name is meant to suggest the spacey, down-tempo feeling of trip hop music. A name ( Etymology: from OE nama akin to OHG namo, Latin Nomen, and Greek όνομα ( Originators in Bristol modified hip hop by adding a laid-back beat ("down tempo") – Bristol's signature sound in hip hop (trip hop's predecessor) was characterized by its emphasis on slow and heavy drum beats and a sound drawing heavily on acid jazz, Jamaican and dub music. A signature (from Latin signare, " Sign " is a handwritten (and sometimes stylized depiction of someone's name nickname or even a simple A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells Acid jazz (also known as groove jazz in USA is a Musical genre that combines elements of Jazz, Funk and Hip-hop Most Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. Dub is a form of music which evolved from Reggae in the late 1960s Trip hop took root in Bristol partly because of its deeply rooted sound system culture and its relationship with a black identity. It is important to note that, as an important slave-trading center in the 18th century, Bristol has a strong black community that has been defining what it means to be black British for centuries; Bristol is 2. 8 percent black. In addition, Bristol has a large multi-racial community (only 89. 3 percent white), as well as a well-integrated youth culture that grew out of the integrated school systems. ^[1] Under the influence of American hip hop from the 1980s both black and white British youth became consumers of hip hop. Hip hop in the UK was immediately fused with black soul and elements of dancehall.

The term "Trip hop" was coined by music journalist Andy Pemberton in the UK magazine Mixmag to describe the hip hop instrumental "In/Flux", a 1993 single by DJ Shadow, and other similar tracks released on the Mo' Wax label and being played in London clubs at the time. Music journalism is criticism and reportage about Music. It began in the eighteenth century as comment on what is now thought of as ' Classical music ' The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Mixmag is a British Dance music and clubbing Magazine. With a circulation of 37139 and a readership of 276000 as of August 2008 it claims An instrumental is a Musical composition or recording without Lyrics or any other sort of Vocal music; all of the Music is produced by Preemptive Strike is a retrospective Compilation album of DJ Shadow 's singles released on the UK record label Mo'Wax between 1991-1998 Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) DJ Shadow (born Josh Davis, June 29, 1972) is an American music producer, DJ and Songwriter. Mo' Wax is a UK -based Record label owned by James Lavelle, who founded it in the early 1990s In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A club is an association of people united by a common interest or goal "In/Flux", with its mixed up bpms, spoken word samples, strings, melodies, bizarre noises, prominent bass, and slow beats, gave the listener the impression they were on a musical trip, according to Pemberton. Beats per minute ( BPM) is a unit typically used as either a measure of Tempo in music or a measure of one's Heart rate. Spoken word is a form of literary Art or artistic performance in which Lyrics, Poetry, or stories are spoken rather than sung In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording The string section is the largest body of the standard Orchestra and consists of bowed String instruments of the Violin family. In Music, a melody (from Greek μελῳδία - melōidía, "singing chanting" also tune, voice, or is a one volume manga created by Tsutomu Nihei as a prequel to his ten-volume work Blame!. Bass (ˈbɛɪs as in base) when used as an adjective is used to describe tones of low Frequency or range. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of A psychedelic experience is characterized by the perception of aspects of one's mind previously unknown or by the creative exuberance of the mind liberated from its ordinary ^[2] James Brendall termed the experience of trip-hop with the combination of "computers and dope". A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a

Massive Attack's first album Blue Lines in 1991, is often seen as the first manifestation of the "Bristol hip hop movement" (known as the "First Coming of Bristol Sound"). Massive Attack are an English Trip hop group founded in 1988 by Robert Del Naja, Grantley Marshall, and Andrew Vowles in Bristol Blue Lines is the debut album by British Electronica group Massive Attack, released on April 9, 1991 (see 1991 in music 1994 and '95 saw trip hop near the peak of its popularity. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Massive Attack released their second album entitled Protection. Protection (1994 is Bristol -based Trip-hop collective Massive Attack 's second Album. Those years also marked the rise of Portishead and Tricky. Portishead (pɔːtɪsˈhɛd IS an English musical group from Bristol. Tricky (born Adrian Thaws 27 January, 1968) is an English musician Portishead's female lead singer Beth Gibbons' sullen voice was mixed with samples of music from the '60s and '70s, as well as sound effects from LPs, giving the group a distinctive style. Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells Beth Gibbons (born 4 January 1965, in Exeter, Devon) is a British singer and songwriter best known as the Vocalist for the English The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. For the album by The Jam see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced Sounds Tricky's style was characterized by murmuring and low-pitched singing. Artists and groups like Portishead and Tricky led the second wave of the Bristol Movement. This second wave produced music that was dreamy and atmospheric, and sometimes deep and gloomy. Dreams are the images sounds thoughts and feelings experienced while Sleeping, particularly strongly associated with Rapid eye movement sleep. An atmosphere (from Greek ατμός - atmos, " Vapor " + σφαίρα - sphaira, " Sphere " DEEP is a Japanese Mixed martial arts promotion which specializes in the lighter weight classes The British press termed this style of music "trip hop," referring to this evolved style of hip hop; this term should not, however, be confused with the American usage which is closer to rap music. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Confusion, of a Pathological degree usually refers to loss of orientation (ability to place oneself correctly in the world by time location and personal identity and Other seminal, more commercial trip hop albums include "Homebrew" (1992) by Neneh Cherry and "Breath From Another" (1998) by Esthero. These albums, as groundbreaking as they were, did however sell very poorly.

Post trip hop

In 1994 Trip-Hop was applied to a wide variety of electronic music that was later divided into sub categories such as Big Beat, and Electro. Big beat (sometimes called chemical breaks) is a term deployed in the mid 1990s by the British music press to describe the music of The Chemical Brothers, After the success of Massive Attack, Portishead and Tricky albums in '94 and '95, a new generation of trip hop artists emerged with a more standardized sound. "Post trip hop" artists included Morcheeba, Chloe Day, Alpha, Mono, Mudville, The Aloof, Glideascope, Cibo Matto, etc. Morcheeba ("Mor" meaning "middle of the road" and "cheeba" taken from the slang term for marijuana are a British band that mixes influences from Alpha is a Trip hop / Electronica group comprising founder member Corin Dingley Wendy Stubbs and Peter Wild - founder member Andy Jenks left the set-up before Mono was a British pop duo which became a One-hit wonder in the late 1990s with their song " Life in Mono " Mudville is a Brooklyn, NY-based band and artist Collective whose sound a hybrid of Downtempo, Electronica, Memphis-style The Aloof were a British alternative / pop / electronica supergroup, mixing electronic and dance elements with dub influences Glideascope is a London based Downtempo / Trip-hop artist and producer who has pioneered a direction in the genre of downtempo music which he terms 'Audio Cibo Matto (meaning crazy food in Italian, and tʃiːbo matːo was a New York City -based band formed by Yuka Honda and Miho Hatori These artists integrated trip hop with Ambience, R&B, Breakbeat, Drum 'n' Bass, Acid Jazz, New Age, etc. Ambient music is a Musical genre in which sound is more important than notes Breakbeat (sometimes breakbeats or breaks) is a term used to describe a collection of sub- genres of Electronic music, usually characterized Acid jazz (also known as groove jazz in USA is a Musical genre that combines elements of Jazz, Funk and Hip-hop Most New Age music is peaceful Music of various styles which is intended to create inspiration relaxation and positive feelings often used by listeners for Yoga, Furthermore, vocals expanded beyond melancholy female voices. The first printed record for the use of the term "Post trip hop" was as late as October 2002 when British newspaper The Independent used it to describe Second Person and their hybrid sound. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Second Person are a British band that mixes influences from Trip hop, Jazz, Hip hop and Electronica to form Post Trip Hop Trip hop has now developed into a diversified genre that was no longer limited to the "deep, dark style" of the early years, eliminating the original impression of trip hop as "dark and gloomy. "

Trip-hop description

James Lavelle, founding member of UNKLE and owner of the famous trip hop label Mo'Wax stated, "British hip hop lacks the lyrical skills of US counterparts, but British kids have got the musical side, " and "They know about records. James Lavelle (born 1974 in Oxford, England) is a DJ, electronic recording artist and record label boss Unkle (also written as UNKLE and UNKLE) is a British musical outfit founded in 1994 by school friends James Lavelle and Tim Goldsworthy Mo' Wax is a UK -based Record label owned by James Lavelle, who founded it in the early 1990s That's the step forward. Now they can do their own style, they don't have to copy anything. "^[2] An absence of vocals in trip hop (in its earliest days) lead it to find its own voice by replacing vocals with more abstract sounds and having less of a focus on imitating American hip hop. ^[2]

Musical aesthetics

Trip hop is known for its moody, dark, yet lyrical sound. This is due to the fact that several acts were inspired by post punk bands : in the 90's, Massive Attack and Tricky both covered Siouxsie and the Banshees and The Cure. Post-punk was a popular musical movement in the mid to late 1970s following on the heels of the initial Punk rock explosion of the early 1970s Massive Attack are an English Trip hop group founded in 1988 by Robert Del Naja, Grantley Marshall, and Andrew Vowles in Bristol Tricky (born Adrian Thaws 27 January, 1968) is an English musician Siouxsie & the Banshees were a British rock band which formed in 1976 The Cure are an English rock band that formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976 ^{[3] [4] [5]}

The trip hop sound relies on jazz samples, usually taken from old vinyl jazz records. This reliance on sampling has changed the way record labels deal with clearing samples for use in other people's tracks. Trip hop tracks often sample Rhodes pianos, saxophones, trumpets, and flutes, and develops in parallel to hip hop, each inspiring the other. A Rhodes piano is an electromechanical Musical instrument, a brand of Electric piano. The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its However, categorically, Trip hop differs from hip hop in theme and overall tone. Instead of gangsta rap (e. g. NWA) or conscious rap (e. g. KRS-One) with its hard-hitting lyrics, trip hop offers a more aural atmospherics with instrumental hip-hop, turntable scratching, and breakbeat rhythms. Lawrence Krishna Parker (born August 20 1965) better known by his stage name KRS-One, is an American Rapper. Regarded in some ways as a nineties update of fusion, trip hop transcends the hardcore rap styles and lyrics with atmospheric overtones to create a more mellow tempo that has less to do with black American urbanite attitude and more to do with a middle-class British impression of hip-hop. Hardcore hip hop is a form of Hip hop music that developed in the late 1980s As Simon Reynolds put it, "trip hop is merely a form of gentrification" ^[6]

Trip hop production is historically lo-fi, relying on analog recording equipment and instrumentation for an ambience. Simon Reynolds (born 1963 in London, England; raised in Hertfordshire) is an English Music critic who is well-known for his writings on "Lo-fi" redirects here For the music genre see Lo-fi music Lo-fidelity redirects here Portishead, for example, records their material to old tape from real instruments, and then sample their recordings, rather than recording their instruments directly to a track. Portishead (pɔːtɪsˈhɛd IS an English musical group from Bristol. They also tend to put their drums through considerable compression. Dynamic range compression, also called DRC (often seen in DVD player settings or simply compression, is a process that reduces the Dynamic range of

Later artists have taken inspiration from many other sources including world and orchestral influences, as well as, film scores. In fact, artists such as DJ Shadow or Portishead extensively used film soundtracks as an influence with its acoustic instruments and orchestral sounds designed to create a mental imagery of a cinematic experience and immerse the listener to a mood of aural reverie rather than a focused attention to social commentaries or lyrics of gangsta rap. DJ Shadow (born Josh Davis, June 29, 1972) is an American music producer, DJ and Songwriter. Portishead (pɔːtɪsˈhɛd IS an English musical group from Bristol. For the Ice T album see Gangsta Rap (album. Gangsta rap is a term originated by the mainstream media to describe a certain subgenre Musician - travellers are considered to be Thievery Corporation and Toires, especially Toires. Thievery Corporation is a Washington DC -based recording artist and DJ duo consisting of Rob Garza and Eric Hilton and their supporting

See also

• List of electronic music genres
• Chillout
• Downtempo

References

External links

• "Trip-Hop" Allmusic guide essay by Sean Cooper
• "World of Trip Hop" Webpage

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