Comune di Trieste
Piazza Unità d'Italia
Municipal coat of arms
Country	Italy
Region	Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Province	Trieste (TS)
Mayor	Roberto Dipiazza (since 2001)
Elevation	2 m (7 ft)
Area	84 km² (32 sq mi)
Population (as of December 31, 2007)
- Total	208,614
- Density	2,484/km² (6,434/sq mi)
Time zone	CET, UTC+1
Coordinates	45°38′N 13°48′E
Gentilic	Triestini
Dialing code	040
Postal code	34100
Frazioni	Banne (Bani), Barcola (Barkovlje), Basovizza (Bazovica), Borgo San Nazario, Cattinara (Katinara), Conconello (Ferlugi), Contovello (Kontovel), Grignano (Grljan), Gropada (Gropada), Longera (Lonjer), Miramare (Miramar), Opicina (Opčine), Padriciano (Padriče), Prosecco (Prosek), Santa Croce (Križ), Servola (Škedenj), Trebiciano (Trebče), Trieste (Trst)
Patron	San Giusto
- Day	November 3
Website: www.comune.trieste.it

Trieste (Italian: Trieste; Slovene and Croatian: Trst) is a city and port in northeastern Italy very near to the Slovenian border, to the North, East and South. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Friuli-Venezia Giulia ( Friulian: Friûl-Vignesie Julie, Friaul-Julisch Venetien Furlanija - Julijska krajina Friul-Venezsia Jułia is one of the twenty In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Trieste (Provincia di Trieste Tržaška pokrajina is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Roberto Dipiazza (born February 1, 1953 in Aiello del Friuli, Province of Udine) is an Italian entrepreneur and politician Mayor Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. The Gulf of Trieste (Golfo di Trieste Tržaški zaliv Tršćanski zaljev Golf von Triest is a shallow bay of the Adriatic Sea, in the extreme northern part of the Mediterranean With a population of 208,614 (2007) it is the capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trieste province. Friuli-Venezia Giulia ( Friulian: Friûl-Vignesie Julie, Friaul-Julisch Venetien Furlanija - Julijska krajina Friul-Venezsia Jułia is one of the twenty

Trieste flourished as part of Austria, from 1382 (the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867) until 1918 when it was one of the few seaports in what was one of the Great Powers of Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale It was among the most prosperous Mediterranean seaports as well as a capital of literature and music. However, the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Trieste's annexation to Italy after World War I led to a decline of its economic and cultural importance. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Today, Trieste is a border town. The population is an ethnic mix of the neighbouring regions; The dominant local Venetian dialect of Trieste is called Triestine ("Triestin" - pronounced [triɛsˈtin], in Italian "Triestino"). A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of The Triestine Dialect (triestino Triestine triestin) is an Italian dialect local to the city of Trieste. This dialect and the official Italian language are spoken in the city centre, while Slovene is spoken in several of the immediate suburbs. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. The Venetian and the Slovene languages are considered autochthonous of the area. An indigenous language or autochthonous language is a Language that is native to a region and spoken by Indigenous peoples but has been reduced There are also small numbers of German and Hungarian speakers. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe.

The economy depends on the port and on trade with its neighbouring regions. Throughout the Cold War Trieste was a peripheral city, but it is rebuilding some of its former influence. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the

Places of touristic interest in Trieste include numerous examples of Art Nouveau and neoclassical architecture from its Austrian past, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, the International School for Advanced Studies and Trieste University. Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP was founded in 1964 by Pakistani sceintist Abdus Salam ( Nobel Laureate) The International School for Advanced Studies ( Italian: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, SISSA) instituted in 1978, is The University of Trieste ( Italian Università degli Studi di Trieste, UNITS) is a medium-sized university in Trieste in the Friuli-Venezia

Contents 1 History 1.1 Ancient era 1.2 Austria 1.3 Annexation to Italy 1.4 World War II 1.5 Yugoslav and New Zealand involvement 1.6 The Italian city 2 Transport 2.1 Maritime transport 2.2 Rail transport 2.3 Air transport 2.4 Local transport 3 Sport in Trieste 4 Main sights 4.1 Castles 4.1.1 Castle of Miramare 4.1.2 Castle of San Giusto 4.2 Churches 4.3 Archaeological remains 4.3.1 Roman theatre 4.4 Caves 4.5 Others 5 Literature 5.1 Italian writers 5.2 Austrian and German writers 5.3 Slovenian writers 5.4 Other writers 6 Other famous people 7 Other Trivia 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links

History

Ancient era

The area of what is now Trieste was settled by the Carni, an Indo-European tribe (hence the name Carso) since the 3rd millennium BC. Carni was the name of a tribe belonging to the Venetic peoples that are sometimes confused with Illyrians. The Proto-Indo-Europeans (PIE were the speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language, who likely lived around 4000 BC, during the Copper Age and the KRAS is a gene encoding the KRas Proto-oncogene. Like other members of the Ras gene family the KRAS protein is a GTPase and is an early player in many The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. It represents a period of time in which Imperialism, or the desire to conquer grew to prominence Subsequently the area was populated by the Histri, an Illyrian people, who remained the main civilization until the 2000 BC, when the Palaeo-Veneti arrived. This article is about a geographical region bordering the Adriatic Sea Illyria ( Albanian Iliria ( Ancient Greek; Latin Illyria; see also Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the

By 177 BC, the city was under the rule of the Roman republic. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the Trieste was granted the status of colony under Julius Caesar, who recorded its name as Tergeste in his Commentarii de bello Gallico (51 BC). After the end of the Western Roman Empire (in 476), Trieste remained a Byzantine military centre. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Events By place Western Roman Empire September 4 — Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire In 788 it became part of the Frank kingdom, under the authority of their count-bishop. Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire (imperium Francorum Frankish Kingdom (Latin regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight From 1081 the city came loosely under Aquileia's patriarchy, developing into a free commune by the end of the 12th century. Aquileia (also called Aquilegia, Friulian Acuilee/Aquilee, Slovene Oglej) is an ancient Roman city in what is Communes in Europe in the Middle Ages were sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms among community members of a town or city

Austria

After two centuries of war against the nearby major power, the Republic of Venice (which occupied it briefly from 1369 to 1372), the burghers of Trieste petitioned Leopold III von Habsburg, Duke of Austria to become part of his domains. The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica Duke Leopold III of Austria ( November 1, 1351 &ndash July 9, 1386) from the Habsburg family was Duke of Austria from Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich (The agreement of cessation was signed in October 1382, in St. Bartholomew's church in the village of Šiška (apud Sisciam), today one of the city quarters of Ljubljana. Most broadly cession (to cede) is the assignment of Property to another entity Saint Bartholomew was one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus. Bartholomew (Βαρθολομαίος transliterated "Bartholomaios" comes from A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. is the most populous of the city quarters of Ljubljana, the capital city of Slovenia. Ljubljana ( is the largest and Capital city of Slovenia. It is located in the center of the country and is a mid-sized city of some 270000 inhabitants ) The citizens, however, maintained a certain degree of autonomy up until the 17th century.

Trieste grew into an important port and trade hub. It was made a free port within the Austrian domains by Emperor Charles VI and remained a free port from 1719 until July 1, 1891. A free port ( porto franco) or free zone (US Foreign-Trade Zone is a port or area with relaxed jurisdiction with respect to the country of location Charles VI (German Karl VI) ( October 1, 1685 &ndash October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The reign of his successor, Maria Theresa of Austria, marked the beginning of a flourishing era for the city. Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia see also names in other languages; May 13, 1717 November 29 1780) was the Archduchess regnant

Trieste was occupied by French troops three times during the Napoleonic Wars, in 1797, 1805 and 1809. The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions In the latter it was annexed to the Illyrian Provinces by Napoleon, during which period Trieste lost its autonomy (even when it was returned to the Austrian Empire in 1813), and the status of free port was interrupted. The Illyrian Provinces (Provinces illyriennes Ilirske province Ilirske pokrajne Province Illiriche were lands on the north and east coasts of the Adriatic Sea which were Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries.

Following the Napoleonic Wars, Trieste continued to prosper as the Imperial Free City of Trieste (Reichsunmittelbare Stadt Triest) and it became capital of the Austrian Littoral region, the so-called Küstenland. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged feudal and political status a form of statehood which a City, religious The Austrian Littoral

The city's role as main Austrian trading port and shipbuilding centre was later emphasized with the foundation of the merchant shipping line Austrian Lloyd in 1836, whose headquarters stood at the corner of the Piazza Grande and Sanita. Italia Marittima SpA is a shipping company based in Trieste, Italy, and run by Evergreen Marine Corporation. By 1913 Austrian Lloyd had a fleet of 62 ships comprising a total of 236,000 tons. ^[1]

The modern Austro-Hungarian Navy also used Trieste's shipbuilding facilities and as a base. The Austro-Hungarian Navy was the naval force of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The construction of the first major trunk railway in the Empire, the Vienna-Trieste Austrian Southern Railway, was completed in 1857, a valuable asset for trade and the supply of coal. The Austrian Southern Railway ( German Österreichische Südbahn or just Südbahn, Slovene Južna železnica) was an Austrian

At the beginning of the 20th century, Trieste was a buzzing cosmopolitan city frequented by artists such as James Joyce, Italo Svevo, Ivan Cankar, Dragotin Kette and Umberto Saba. James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the Aron Ettore Schmitz ( December 19, 1861 – September 13 1928) better known by the pseudonym Italo Svevo, was an Italian Ivan Cankar (10 May 1876 – 11 December 1918 was a Slovene Writer, Playwright, Essayist, Poet and political activist. Dragotin Kette ( January 19, 1876 - April 26, 1899) was a Slovene Impressionist and Neo-Romantic Poet Umberto Saba ( March 9, 1883 - August 26, 1957) was the Pseudonym of Italian poet and novelist Umberto Poli The city was part of the so-called Austrian Riviera and a very real part of Mitteleuropa. The Austrian Riviera ( German Österreichische Riviera, Italian Riviera Austriaca) is a description for the Mitteleuropa (Central/Middle Europe is a German term equal to Central Europe. The particular Friulian dialect, called Tergestino, spoken until the beginning of the 19th century, was gradually overcome by the Triestine (i. Friulian ( or affectionately marilenghe in Friulian friulano in Italian) (also Eastern Ladin) is a Romance language belonging e. , a Venetian dialect) and other languages, including Italian, German and Slovene. Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over two million people mostly in the Veneto region of Italy. While Triestine was spoken by the biggest part of the population, German was the language of the Austrian bureaucracy and Slovenian was used in the surrounding villages. Viennese architecture and coffeehouses still dominate the streets of Trieste to this day.

Annexation to Italy

Together with Trento, Trieste was the main site of the irredendist movement, which aimed for the annexation to Italy of all the lands they claimed were historically inhabited by culturally Italian people. Trento (traditional English Trent; Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: Tridentum; Note that many Irredentism is any position advocating Annexation of territories administered by another State on the grounds of common Ethnicity or prior historical possession After the end of World War I, Austria-Hungary was dismantled and Trieste became part of Italy in 1920, along with the whole Julian March (Venezia Giulia). World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Julian March (Venezia Giulia Croatian and Slovene: Julijska Krajina; Julisch Venetien Venesia Jułia Vignesie Julie Carsia Julia is a former political The annexation, however, brought a loss of importance for the city, with the new state border depriving it of its former hinterland. The Slovene ethnic group (at the time about the 25% of the population) suffered prosecution by the rising Fascist Regime. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology This led to a period of inner strain which culminated on April 13, 1920, when a group of Italian nationalists burnt the Narodni dom (National House), the cultural centre of Trieste's Slovenes. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar

World War II

See also: List of Nazi-German concentration camps

After the constitution of the Italian Social Republic, on 23 September 1943, Trieste was nominally absorbed into this entity. This article is a list of Nazi-German concentration camps.In the table below Extermination camps are marked with pink The Italian Social Republic ( Italian: Repubblica Sociale Italiana or RSI) was a Puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Germans, however, annexed it to the Operation Zone of the Adriatic Littoral, which also included the former Italian provinces of Gorizia, Ljubljana and Udine, led by Friedrich Rainer. OZAK, the Operational Zone Adriatic Coast (Operationszone Adriatisches Küstenland ( OZAK) or colloquially Operationszone Adria Zona di Operazioni Litorale Gorizia and Gradisca (Görz und Gradisca Gorizia e Gradisca Goriška in Gradiščanska Gurize e Gardiscje was a Habsburg County in Central Europe, in Province of Ljubljana ( Italian: Provincia di Lubiana, Slovenian: Ljubljanska pokrajina, German: Provinz Laibach) was a Friuli ( Friulian: Friedrich Rainer ( July 28 1903 in Sankt Veit an der Glan &ndash July 19 1947 ( date unconfirmed) in Ljubljana Under the Nazi occupation, the only concentration camp on Italian soil was built in a suburb of Trieste, at the Risiera di San Sabba (Rižarna), on 4 April 1944. Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The city also saw a high Italian partisan activity and suffered from Allied bombings. A partisan is a member of an Irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War.

Yugoslav and New Zealand involvement

On April 30, 1945, the Italian anti-fascists Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale (CLN) of don Marzari and Savio Fonda, constituted of 3500 volunteers, incited a riot against the Nazis. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale (CLN was the underground political entity of Italian Partisans during the German occupation of Italy in the last years of the On May 1, Yugoslav partisans of Tito's army arrived and freed most of the city from the Nazis, except for the courts and the castle of San Giusto, the garrisons here refusing to surrender to any force other than the New Zealanders. The 2nd New Zealand Division continued to advance towards Trieste along Route 14 around the northern coast of the Adriatic sea and arrived in the city the next day. The German forces eventually capitulated on the evening of May 2 following their arrival. The Yugoslav troops of Tito held full control of the city until June 12, a period known as the 'forty days of Trieste'. During this period, many fascists, nationalists and many other people not favourable to the communist regime disappeared. Many were tossed alive in the potholes ('foibe' of the Carso) in a tit-for-tat policy of brutality initiated by the Italian fascists in the 1930s. Eventually, the New Zealanders forced the Yugoslav army to leave. Trieste and its surrounding regions remained under Allied control until 1954.

The Italian city

In 1947, Trieste was declared an independent state as the Free Territory of Trieste split into two zones, A and B, along what was called The Morgan Line. The Free Territory of Trieste or Free State of Trieste ( Italian Territorio libero di Trieste, Slovenian Svobodno tržaško ozemlje The Morgan Line was the line of demarcation set up after World War II in the region known as Julian March which prior to the war belonged to the Kingdom

From 1947 to 1954, Zone A was governed by the Allied Military Government, comprised of the American "Trieste United States Troops" (TRUST), and "British Element Trieste Forces" (BETFOR), led by Sir Terence Airey. Lieutenant-General Sir Terence Sydney Airey, KCMG, CB, CBE ( 9 July 1900 - 26 March 1983) was an officer The southern part of the territory, Zone B comprised what was not yet annexed to Yugoslavia of Istria, roughly the coastline from Muggia to Koper/Capodistria. This article is about a geographical region bordering the Adriatic Sea Muggia (Milje is a small Italian Comune in the extreme south-east of Trieste lying on the border with Slovenia. Koper (Capodistria is a coastal town and municipality and the largest commercial Port in Slovenia, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.

Marshall Tito, the ruler of the Soviet-sponsored communist state of Yugoslavia, made several forays across the Morgan Line and into Zone A, attempting to wrest control of the city of Trieste away from TRUST and BETFOR. These now-forgotten skirmishes made up the very first battles in what would later become the Cold War. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the

The Free Territory of Trieste was dissolved in 1954: the city of Trieste in Zone A was ceded to Italy, while the southern part of the territory (Zone B) went to Yugoslavia, along with some of the surrounding villages formerly included in Zone A. The annexation to Italy was officially proclaimed on October 26, 1954.

The border questions with Yugoslavia and the status of the ethnic minorities were settled definitively in 1975 with the Treaty of Osimo. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The Treaty of Osimo was signed on November 10, 1975, by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Italian Republic in Osimo

Transport

Maritime transport

Trieste's maritime location and its former long term status as part of the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian empires made its dock the major commercial port for much of the landlocked areas of central Europe. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. The Free Port of Trieste, is an Italian port on North Adriatic Sea in Trieste, Italy. In the 19th century, a whole new port district known as the Porto Nuovo was built northeast to the city centre. ^[2]

In modern times, Trieste's importance as a port has declined, both due to the annexation to Italy, for Italy's wider choice of better located ports, and the competition with the nearby new port of Koper in Slovenia. Koper (Capodistria is a coastal town and municipality and the largest commercial Port in Slovenia, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west However, there is significant commercial shipping to the container terminal, steel works and oil terminal, all of which are located to the south of the city centre. After many years of stagnation, a change in the leadership placed the port on a steady growth path, recording a 40% increase in shipping traffic as of 2007. ^[2]

Rail transport

Railways came early to Trieste, due the port and the need to trasport people and goods for long distances. The first line to reach the city was the Sudbahn in 1857. This line stretched for 1400 km to Lviv (in present day's Ukraine) via Ljubljana (in Slovenia), Sopron (in Hungary), Vienna (in Austria), and Kraków (in Poland), crossing the backbone of the Alps by the Semmering Pass near Graz. Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Ljubljana ( is the largest and Capital city of Slovenia. It is located in the center of the country and is a mid-sized city of some 270000 inhabitants For the historical county in the Kingdom of Hungary named Sopron / Ödenburg Sopron (county. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland For the town of the same name see Semmering Austria. Semmering (el Graz (etymologically from Slovene: Gradec IPA /gradeʦ/ "little castle" with a population of around 290000 as of 2008 (of which 252852 have principal This line approaches Trieste through the village of Villa Opicina, a few kilometres far from the city but over 300 metres higher. Villa Opicina (Opčine Triestine: Opcina) is a small village in north-eastern Italy, close to the Slovenian border Due to this, the line undertakes a 32 km detour to the north before terminating at Trieste Centrale station. ^[2]

A second transalpine railway was inaugurated in 1906, with the opening of the Transalpina Railway from Vienna via Jesenice and Nova Gorica. Jesenice, is a Town and a municipality in Slovenia, on the Slovene side of the Karavanke mountain range bordering Austria to the north Nova Gorica (ˈnɔʋa gɔˈɾitsa Slovenian for " New Gorizia " (population 13852 ( town) 21082 ( incl This line also approached Trieste via Villa Opicina, but took a rather shorter loop southwards towards Trieste's other main railway terminal, Trieste Campo Marzio station, south to the central station. The line is no longer operating, and Campo Marzio station is now a railway museum. ^[2]

In order to facilitate the freight traffic between the two stations, and the nearby dock areas, a temporary line known as the Rivabahn was built along the waterfront in 1887. This line survived until 1981, when it was replaced by the Galleria di Circonvallazione, a 5. 7 km rail tunnel route, east of the city. Freight service from the dock area includes container services to northern Italy and to Budapest, together with truck carrying services to Salzburg and Frankfurt. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. ^[2]

Passenger rail service to Trieste now largely consists of trains to Venice, connecting to services to Rome and Milan at Mestre. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Mestre' is a town in Veneto, northern Italy, a Frazione of the Comune of Venice. These trains reach the central station bypassing the Gulf of Trieste which connects with the Sudbahn's northern loop. The Gulf of Trieste (Golfo di Trieste Tržaški zaliv Tršćanski zaljev Golf von Triest is a shallow bay of the Adriatic Sea, in the extreme northern part of the Mediterranean International transports between Italy and Slovenia now pass through Villa Opicina, bypassing Trieste. ^[2]

Air transport

Trieste is served by the nearby Friuli Venezia Giulia Airport, located at Ronchi near Monfalcone at the head of the Gulf of Trieste. Friuli Venezia Giulia Airport, also known as Trieste Airport or Ronchi dei Legionari Airport, is an Airport located in Ronchi dei Legionari Monfalcone (in the local Bisiac dialect: Mofalcòn, Tržič is a town and Comune of the Province of Gorizia ( Friuli-Venezia

Local transport

Local public transport in Trieste is operated by Trieste Trasporti, which operates a network of around 60 bus routes and two boat services. A boat is a Watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water and provide transport over it They also operate the Opicina Tramway, a unique hybrid tramway and funicular railway that provides a more direct link between the city centre and Villa Opicina. The Opicina Tramway ( Italian Tranvia di Opicina, Slovene Openski tramvaj, Triestine Tram de Opcina) is an unusual hybrid A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train A funicular, also known as a funicular railway, incline, inclined railway, inclined plane, or cliff railway, is a type of self-contained ^[3]

Sport in Trieste

Trieste is famous for having two clubs participating in the championships of two different nations at the same time, during the time of the Free Territory of Trieste. The Free Territory of Trieste or Free State of Trieste ( Italian Territorio libero di Trieste, Slovenian Svobodno tržaško ozemlje Tritestina played in the Serie A. Serie A (officially known as the Lega Calcio Serie A TIM for Sponsorship reasons is a professional league competition for football clubs located Although it faced retrocession after the first season after the second world war, the FIGC changed the rules to keep it in, as it was seen as important to keep a club of the city in the Italian league, while Yugoslavia had its eye on the city. Final classification Results References and Sources Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004 The Italian Football Federation (Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio FIGC) also known as Federcalcio, is the governing body of football in Italy The next season the club played its best seaon with a 3rd place finish, Meanwhile, Yugoslavia put money in Ponziana, a small team in Trieste, which under a new name, Amatori, played in the Yugoslavian league for a number of years. Final classification Results References and Sources Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004 Amatori Catania is an Italian Rugby union club currently competing in Super 10. The first year that the Football Association of Yugoslavia had used a modern system namely a promotion/relegation relationship between the two tiers of national clubs ^[4]

Triestina went broke in the nineties, but now plays in the Serie B. Promotion and Relegation At the end of the season, three teams are promoted to Serie A and four teams are relegated to Serie C1.

Main sights

Castles

Castle of Miramare

The Castle was built between 1856 and 1860 from a project by Carl Junker working under Archduke Maximilian. The Miramare Castle ( Italian: Castello di Miramare; German: Schloß Miramar) is a 19th century Castle, built for Austrian Maximilian I Emperor of Mexico (Emperador Maximiliano I de México (6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867 (born Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph was a member of Austria

The Castle gardens provide a setting of outstanding beauty with a variety of trees, chosen by and planted on the orders of Maximilian, that today make a remarkable collection.

Features of particular attraction in the gardens include two ponds, one noted for its swans and the other for lotus flowers, the Castle annexe ("Castelletto"), a nearby a bronze statue of Maximilian, and a small chapel where is kept a cross made from the remains of the "Novara", the flagship on which Maximilian, brother of Emperor Franz Josef, set sail to become Emperor of Mexico. Franz Joseph I Karl (- German, in English Francis Joseph I Charles, see the name in other languages) (18 August 1830 &ndash 21 November

Castle of San Giusto

Designed on the remains of previous castles on the site, it took almost two centuries to build. The stages of the development of the Castle's defensive structures are marked by the central part built under Frederick III (1470-1), the round Venetian bastion (1508-9), the Hoyos-Lalio bastion and the Pomis, or "Bastione fiorito" dated 1630. Frederick III of Habsburg ( September 21 1415 &ndash August 19, 1493) was elected as German King as the successor of

The Castle - in which several rooms, including the Sala Caprin, are open to the public - houses a Museum displaying historical weapons and is regularly used for the staging of exhibitions, events and, in the summer, open-air shows. A walk on the Castle ramparts and bastions gives a complete panorama of the city of Trieste, its hills and the sea.

Churches

• The Cathedral of San Giusto. Trieste Cathedral, dedicated to San Giusto, is the Cathedral and main church of Trieste, in northern Italy.
• The Serb-Orthodox Temple of Holy Trinity and St. Spiridio (1869). The building adopts the Greek-Cross plan with five cupolas in the Byzantine tradition.
• Basilica of San Silvestro (11th century)
• Church of Santa Maria Maggiore (1682)
• Church of San Nicolò dei Greci (1787). This church by the architect Matteo Pertsch (1818), with bell-towers on both sides of the facade, follows the Austrian late baroque style. Matteo Pertsch (Matthäus Pertsch ( 1769 - April 11 1834) was a classical Architect responsible for many historic structures in Trieste
• Israelite Temple of Trieste (1912)

Archaeological remains

• Arch of Riccardo (33 BC). The Israelite Temple of Trieste is a Jewish house of worship in Trieste, Italy. It is an Augustan gate built in the Roman walls in 33. It stands in Piazzetta Barbacan, in the narrow streets of the old town. It's called Arco di Riccardo ("Richard's Arch") because is believed to have been crossed by King Richard of England on the way back from the Crusades. Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death
• Basilica Forense (2nd century)
• Palaeochristian basilica

Roman theatre

Trieste or Tergeste, which probably dates back to the protohistoric period, was enclosed by walls built in 33–32 BC on Emperor Octavius’s orders. The city developed greatly during the 1st and 2nd centuries.

The Roman theatre lies at the foot of the San Giusto hill, facing the sea. The construction partially exploits the gentle slope of the hill, and much of the theatre is made of stone. The topmost portion of the amphitheatre steps and the stage were supposedly made of wood. An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances

The statues that adorned the theatre, brought back to light in the 1930s, are now preserved at the Town Museum. Three inscriptions from the Trajan period mention a certain Q. Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who Petronius Modestus, someone closely connected to the development of the theatre, which was erected during the second half of the 1st century.

Caves

In the whole Trieste province, an amount of 10 speleological groups (24 in Friuli-Venezia Giulia) exist. Friuli-Venezia Giulia ( Friulian: Friûl-Vignesie Julie, Friaul-Julisch Venetien Furlanija - Julijska krajina Friul-Venezsia Jułia is one of the twenty The Trieste plateau (Altopiano Triestino), called Kras or the Carso and covering an area of about 200 km² within Italy has approximately 1500 caves of various sizes. KRAS is a gene encoding the KRas Proto-oncogene. Like other members of the Ras gene family the KRAS protein is a GTPase and is an early player in many Among the most famous ones are the Grotta Gigante, the largest tourist cave in the world, with a single cavity large enough to contain St Peter's in Rome, and the Cave of Trebiciano (350 m deep) at the bottom of which flows the Timavo River. This river dives underground at Škocjan Caves in Slovenia (they are on UNESCO list) and flows about 30 km before emerging about 1 km from the sea in a series of springs near Duino reputed by the Romans to be an entrance to Hades.

Others

• The Risiera di San Sabba (Risiera di San Sabba Museum)', a national monument. It is a testimonial of the only Nazi extermination camp in Italy. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German
• The Foibe (Fojbe), also sort of national monuments (foiba of "Basovizza" is a national monument). Foiba (plural foibas or foibe) is a type of deep natural Sinkhole common in the Kras (Carso region a Karstic plateau region shared by Those are a testimonial of the extermination of Italians by Yugoslav troops after World War II. Yugoslav army took revenge on the Italian fascists, because of the violence, which lasted from 1920 until 1945, on the Slovene minority of the Trieste region.
• The Trieste Joyce Museum
• Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste (natural history museum) containing fossils of early man. Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste is a Natural history museum in Trieste.
• Civico Orto Botanico di Trieste, a municipal botanical garden
• Orto Botanico dell'Università di Trieste, the University of Trieste's botanical garden
• Val Rosandra, a national park on the border between Trieste and Slovenia

Literature

Many famous writers lived and created their major works in Trieste.

Italian writers

• Carolus L. Cergoly
• Italo Svevo
• Umberto Saba
• Scipio Slataper
• Pier Antonio Quarantotti Gambini, born in Istria (now in Croatia)
• Enzo Bettiza, born in Split
• Fulvio Tomizza, born in Istria (now in Croatia)
• Claudio Magris
• Pino Roveredo
• Giani Stuparich
• Susanna Tamaro

Austrian and German writers

• Robert Hamerling
• Rainer Maria Rilke (lived in Duino near Trieste)
• Veit Heinichen
• Theodor Däubler

Slovenian writers

• Igo Gruden (born in a village near Trieste)
• Vladimir Bartol
• Marica Gregorič Stepančič
• Boris Pahor
• Alojz Rebula
• Julius Kugy (born in Gorizia)
• Jovan Vesel Koseski (born in Carniola, but lived in Trieste)

Other writers

• Richard Francis Burton
• James Joyce
• Jan Morris

Other famous people

• Lidia Bastianich, acclaimed Italian-American chef and TV cooking show host whose family lived in a Triestian refugee camp after their escape from Istria in 1957
• Bobi Bazlen, critic and translator
• Mathilde Bonaparte, Napoleon's niece, daughter of his brother Jerome Bonaparte was born here in 1820 and died in the early 20th century
• Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist
• Demetrio Carciotti, (Dimitrios Karitsiotis), Greek merchant and important patron of Greece
• Avgust Černigoj, Slovene painter
• Lavo Čermelj, Slovene physisicist and public intellectual
• Biaggio Chianese, Italian boxer
• George Dolenz, actor and father of Micky Dolenz of the Monkees
• Boris Furlan, Slovenian jurist, translator and politician
• Almerigo Grilz, journalist, freelance war reporter and politician
• Margherita Hack, Italian astronomer
• Julius Kugy, Austrian alpinist and musician
• Doro Levi, archaeologist
• Franko Luin, Swedish-Slovenian graphic designer
• Cesare Maldini, former AC Milan captain, Italian manager and father of Paolo Maldini
• Mauro Maur, Italian trumpet player and composer
• Alberto Randegger, composer
• Ivan Rendić, Croatian sculptor
• Mitja Ribičič, Slovenian Communist leader, President of the Yugoslav Government (1969-1971)
• Tanja Romano, world champion of skating
• Edvard Rusjan, Slovenian aircraft constructor and pilot
• Abdus Salam, Pakistani theoretical physicist
• Denis Sciama, British physicist
• Igor Škamperle, sociologist, novelist and mountaineer
• Alex Staropoli, keyboardist for the band Rhapsody of Fire
• Elisa Toffoli, Nationally renowned singer/songwriter, pianist, and guitarist
• Viktor Sulčič, Argentine-Slovenian architect (born in the suburb of Santa Croce/Križ)
• Max Tonetto, an Italian winger playing for AS Roma
• Luca Turilli, guitarist for the band Rhapsody of Fire
• Tone Tomšič, partisan hero
• Primož Trubar, Slovenian protestant reformer
• Vittorio Vidali (aka Enea Sormenti, Jacobo Hurwitz Zender, Carlos Contreras), Communist agent
• Ivan Vidav, Slovenian mathematician
• Boris Ziherl, Slovenian Communist leader and Marxist philosopher
• Sigismund Zois, Slovenian mecenate and natural scientist

Other Trivia

• The first men to reach the very deepest point in the oceans (the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench), used a special bathyscaphe named Trieste in 1960. Aron Ettore Schmitz ( December 19, 1861 – September 13 1928) better known by the pseudonym Italo Svevo, was an Italian Umberto Saba ( March 9, 1883 - August 26, 1957) was the Pseudonym of Italian poet and novelist Umberto Poli Enzo Bettiza (born 1927 in Split, Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is a Dalmatian born Italian novelist journalist and politician Split (Spalatum Ancient Greek: Aspálathos, Ασπάλαθος Spalato is the largest and most important Dalmatian city the second-largest Claudio Magris (b April 10 1939, Trieste) is an Italian scholar translator and writer Giani Stuparich ( April 4, 1891 &ndash April 7, 1961) was an Italian Author. Susanna Tamaro (born 12 December 1957 is an Italian novelist She has also worked as a scientific documentarist and movie maker direction assistant Robert Hamerling ( March 24, 1830 - July 13, 1889) Austrian Poet, was born of humble parentage at Kirchberg am Walde Rainer Maria Rilke (also Rainer Maria von Rilke (4 December 1875 &ndash 29 December 1926 is considered one of the German language 's greatest 20th century Poets Duino ( Devin in Slovenian, Tybein in German) is a town in the coastal part of the municipality ( Comune) of Duino-Aurisina Igo Gruden ( April 18 1893 - November 29 1948) was a Slovene poet Vladimir Bartol ( February 24 1903 &ndash September 12 1967) was a Slovenian Writer, most famous for his novel Boris Pahor (born 28 August 1913 is a Slovene Writer from Italy. Alojz Rebula (born June 21 1924) is an eminent Slovene Writer, Playwright, Essayist and Translator, who Julius Kugy (19 July 1858 — 5 February 1944 was a Slovene Mountaineer and Writer. Gorizia (Gurize Gorica Görz is a town in northeastern Italy, at the foot of the Alps and bordering Slovenia. Jovan Vesel Koseski, ( 12 September 1798, Spodnje Koseze in Lukovica municipality &ndash 26 March 1884, Trieste) was Carniola (Kranjska Krain is a traditional and historical region of Slovenia. Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton KCMG FRGS (19 March 1821 &ndash 20 October 1890 was an English Explorer, Translator, writer James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the Jan Morris CBE (born on 2 October 1926 in Clevedon, Somerset, England) is a British Historian, author and Travel writer Lidia Matticchio Bastianich (born February 21 1947 is an American chef born in Istria, specializing in Italian cuisine. This article is about a geographical region bordering the Adriatic Sea Mathilde Laetitia Wilhelmine Bonaparte Princesse Française ( May 27 1820 – January 2 1904) was a daughter of Napoleon 's brother Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Jérôme-Napoléon Bonaparte French Prince King of Westphalia, 1st Prince of Montfort ( November 15, 1784 &ndash June 24, 1860 Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann ( February 20, 1844 &ndash September 5, 1906) was an Austrian Physicist famous for his founding Avgust Černigoj ( August 24, 1898, &ndash November 17, 1985) was a Slovene painter, known for his Avant-garde Lavo Čermelj, Italianized in Lavo Cermeli ( October 10 1889 - January 26 1980) was a Slovene Physicist, Biaggio Chianese (born October 28, 1961 in Trieste) is a retired boxer from Italy, who won the bronze medal at both the George Dolenz (originally George Dolentz, born Jure Dolenc) ( 5 January 1908 - 8 February 1963) was an American film actor George Michael Dolenz Jr (born March 8, 1945) is an American Actor, Musician, Television director and theatre Almerigo Grilz Almerigo Grilz ( Trieste March 111953 – Caia May 19 1987 was an Italian right wing politician and an independent war correspondent Julius Kugy (19 July 1858 — 5 February 1944 was a Slovene Mountaineer and Writer. Doro Levi (1899-1991 was an Archaeologist who practiced in the Mediterranean countries in the 20th century Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Franko Luin, Swedish type designer of Slovene origin Born April 6 1941 in Trieste, Italy, died September 15 Cesare Maldini (born February 5, 1932) is an Italian football coach and former player Associazione Calcio Milan, commonly referred to by the abbreviation Milan, is an Italian professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy Paolo Cesare Maldini ( born 26 June 1968 in Milan) is a legendary Italian footballer who has played his entire career for Mauro Maur (born August 9, 1958) is an Italian Trumpeter and Composer. Alberto Randegger ( 13 April 1832 – 18 December 1911) was an Italian-born composer conductor and singing teacher best known for promoting Ivan Rendić (born in Imotski, August 27, 1849 - died June 29, 1932) was a Croatian sculptor Edvard Rusjan ( July 6 1886, Trieste &ndash January 9 1911, Belgrade Abdus Salam ( Urdu: محمد عبد السلام) ( January 29, 1926; Jhang Punjab &ndash November 21, Dennis William Siahou Sciama FRS ( November 18 1926 &ndash December 18 1999) was a British Physicist who through his own Igor Škamperle (born 21 November 1962) is a Slovenian Sociologist, cultural theorist, Novelist, Essayist, Alessandro Staropoli (born 9 January, 1970 in Trieste, Italy) is the keyboard player Composer and (together with Rhapsody of Fire (formerly known as ThunderCross and - more recently - Rhapsody) is an Italian Symphonic Power metal band led by Elisa (born Elisa Toffoli December 19, 1977) is an Italian singer and songwriter Viktor Sulčič, in Argentina also known as Víctor (or Victorio) Sulcic, a Slovenian born Argentine Architect Max Tonetto (born 18 November 1974 in Trieste) is an Italian football defender. In certain sports such as football, Field hockey, Ice hockey, handball, Rugby union, and Rugby league, the term winger Luca Turilli (born 5 March 1972) is an Italian Musician (primarily a guitarist and composer Rhapsody of Fire (formerly known as ThunderCross and - more recently - Rhapsody) is an Italian Symphonic Power metal band led by Primož Trubar ( 9 June 1508 – 28 June 1586) was a Slovene protestant reformer, the founder and the first superintendent Vittorio Vidali (1900 &mdash 1983 also known as Vittorio Vidale, Enea Sormenti, Jacobo Hurwitz Zender, Carlos Contreras, " Comandante Ivan Vidav (born January 17, 1918) is a Slovenian Mathematician. Sigmund Zois Freiherr von Edelstein, usually referred as Sigmund Zois or Žiga Zois in Slovene ( 23 November 1747 – 10 November The Challenger Deep is the deepest surveyed point in the oceans with a depth of about 11000 metres (about 36000 feet The Mariana Trench (or Mariana's Trench) is the deepest part of the world's Oceans and the deepest location on the surface of the Earth 's
• The city was honored with a reference to a starship named the Trieste in the Star Trek: The Next Generation first season episode "11001001". Star Trek The Next Generation ( STTNG or TNG) is an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning science fiction television program created by Gene Roddenberry The ship was stationed sixty-six hours away from Starbase 74 during the Bynar supernova incident. This is a list of sentient species and races from the Fictional universe of Star Trek. The starship name was related to the special minisub (bathyscaphe Trieste) of Jacques Piccard that touched in 1960 the bottom of the Pacific ocean, "boldly reaching" new frontiers for mankind. Design Trieste was designed by the Swiss scientist Auguste Piccard and built in Italy Jacques Piccard (born July 28, 1922) is a Swiss explorer and engineer known for having developed underwater vehicles for studying ocean currents
• Listed as a location for filming of the popular Francis Ford Coppola movie, The Godfather: Part II (released December 1974).

See also

• University of Trieste, located in Trieste. The University of Trieste ( Italian Università degli Studi di Trieste, UNITS) is a medium-sized university in Trieste in the Friuli-Venezia
• INFN, (National Institute of Nuclear Physics), the nuclear physics laboratory located in Trieste. The Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN (National Institute for Nuclear Physics is the coordinating institution for nuclear, particle and Astroparticle Nuclear physics is the field of Physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of Atomic nuclei.
• Central European Initiative, located in Trieste. The Central European Initiative or CEI, is a political economical cultural and scientific international organisation founded in 1989
• International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), located in Trieste. The International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB - was promoted by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO as a centre of excellence
• The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), located in Trieste. Abdus Salam ( Urdu: محمد عبد السلام) ( January 29, 1926; Jhang Punjab &ndash November 21, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP was founded in 1964 by Pakistani sceintist Abdus Salam ( Nobel Laureate)
• International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), located in Trieste. The International School for Advanced Studies ( Italian: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, SISSA) instituted in 1978, is
• ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Laboratory, located in Trieste. ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Laboratory is a national Synchrotron laboratory located in Basovizza on the outskirts of Trieste, Italy.
• Teatro Comunale Giuseppe Verdi, located in Trieste. The Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi is an Opera house located in Trieste, Italy and named after the Composer Giuseppe Verdi.
• Trieste Astronomical Observatory, located in Trieste. The Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste ( Trieste Astronomical Observatory) is located in Trieste, Italy.
• U.S. Triestina Calcio, Trieste's soccer club. Unione Sportiva Triestina is an Italian football club based in Trieste, in the region of Friuli Venezia Giulia.
• Il Piccolo, Trieste's newspaper. Il Piccolo is the main regional daily Newspaper of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy.
• International Talent Support, International competition for fashion and photography

References

Further reading

• Hametz, Maura (December 2001). "The Carabinieri stood by: The Italian state and the "Slavic Threat" in Trieste, 1919-1922". Nationalities Papers 29 (4): 559-574.  
• Cary, Joseph (1993). A Ghost in Trieste. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. The University of Chicago Press is the largest University press in the United States ISBN 0226095282.  

External links

• (Italian) Municipality of Trieste
• (Italian) Trieste Chamber of Commerce
• (Italian) Grotta Gigante official site and time table
• Traveller's Guide to Trieste and its Riviera

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