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A pre-1969 Latin Rite altar with reredos: A main altar was usually preceded by three steps, below which were said the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar. Side altars usually had only one step
A pre-1969 Latin Rite altar with reredos:
A main altar was usually preceded by three steps, below which were said the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar. Side altars usually had only one step

The Tridentine Mass (Latin: Missa Tridentina) is the form of the Roman Rite Mass contained in the typical editions[1] of the Roman Missal that were published between 1570 and 1962. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The liturgical rite of the Church of Rome is called the Roman Rite. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Missal ((Missale Romanum is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite Other names for it include Traditional Mass, Traditional Latin Mass, and, in its latest form, Mass according to the 1962 Roman Missal. It is widely referred to as the Latin Mass, though the official text of the revised form of the Mass that replaced it in 1969-1970 is also in Latin, and that form of the rite is also sometimes celebrated in that language. The term Latin Mass refers to the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Mass celebrated in Latin. This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass see Mass (Catholic Church. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. [2]

In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI issued a motu proprio called Summorum Pontificum in which he designated the Tridentine Mass "an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite", as opposed to the ordinary form in normal use. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger A motu proprio ( Latin "on his own impulse" is a document issued by the Pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him Summorum Pontificum (Of the Supreme Pontiffs is an Apostolic Letter of Pope Benedict XVI, issued " Motu proprio " (i An extraordinary form of the Roman Rite is a form other than the ordinary normal form of that rite [3][4] Since then, the 1962 liturgy has often been referred to as "the extraordinary form".

The term "Tridentine" is derived from the Latin word Tridentinus, which means "related to the city of Trent, Italy". Trento (traditional English Trent; Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: Tridentum; Note that many It was in response to a decision of the Council of Trent[5] that Pope Pius V promulgated the 1570 Roman Missal, making it mandatory throughout the Western Church, excepting those regions and religious orders whose existing missals dated to before 1370. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope A religious order is a lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion usually [6]

For the forms of the Mass liturgy prior to 1570, see Pre-Tridentine Mass. The term Pre-Tridentine Mass here refers to the variants of the liturgical rite of Mass in Rome before 1570 when with his bull Quo primum,

Contents

Language

In most countries, the language used for celebrating the Tridentine Mass was (and is) Latin. However, in Dalmatia (corresponding approximately to present-day Croatia) the liturgy was celebrated in Church Slavonic, and authorisation for use of this language was extended to some other Slavic regions between 1886 and 1935. Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox [7][8]

After the publication of the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal, the 1964 Instruction on implementing the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy of the Second Vatican Council laid down that "normally the epistle and gospel from the Mass of the day shall be read in the vernacular". The Roman Missal ((Missale Romanum is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite Sacrosanctum Concilium, the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, is one of the constitutions of the Second Vatican Council. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Vernacular refers to the Native language of a country or a locality Episcopal conferences were to decide, with the consent of the Holy See, what other parts, if any, of the Mass were to be celebrated in the vernacular. In the Roman Catholic Church, an Episcopal Conference, Conference of Bishops, or National Conference of Bishops is an official assembly of all the [9]

Outside the Roman Catholic Church, the vernacular language was introduced into the celebration of the Tridentine Mass by some Old Catholics and Anglo-Catholics with the introduction of the English Missal. The Old Catholic Church is a Christian denomination originating with churches (many of them German -speaking that split from the Roman Catholic Church in The terms Anglo-Catholic and Anglo-Catholicism (or sometimes possibly incorrectly High Church &mdashsee below describe people The English Missal is a Missal first published by W Knott & Son Limited in 1912 as a Missal to be used by some of the more 'liturgically advanced' Anglo-Catholic

Some Western rite Orthodox Christians, particularly in the Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America, use the Tridentine Mass in the vernacular with minor alterations under the title of the "Divine Liturgy of St. Gregory. "

Terminology

Some Catholics prefer not to use the term "Tridentine Mass". In some cases, the objection is that linking the rite specifically with the Council of Trent obscures its continuity with the form that developed in previous centuries. The term Pre-Tridentine Mass here refers to the variants of the liturgical rite of Mass in Rome before 1570 when with his bull Quo primum, Others object that using separate terms for the pre-1970 and post-1970 liturgies (rather than classing them both as forms of the same Roman Rite) implies that the post-1970 liturgy constituted a breach with the preceding form.

The most widespread term for the rite, other than "Tridentine Mass", is "Latin Mass". However, the Mass of Paul VI is also published in Latin in its official text, and is also sometimes celebrated in that language. This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass see Mass (Catholic Church. [10]

Traditionalist Catholics, whose best-known characteristic is an attachment to the Tridentine Mass, frequently refer to it as the "Traditional Mass" or the "Traditional Latin Mass". Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical Traditionalist writings sometimes also use more rhetorical expressions such as "Mass of All Time" and "Mass of Ages". Although Pius V himself spoke of revising the Missal,[11] Traditionalist Catholics also tend to emphasise that Pope Pius V "codified" the form of the Mass; indeed, they sometimes present the rite as having survived basically unchanged from the time of the apostles.

Pope St. Pius V's revision of the liturgy

At the time of the Council of Trent, the traditions preserved in printed and manuscript missals varied considerably, and standardization was sought both within individual dioceses and throughout the Latin West. Standardization was also required in order to prevent the introduction into the liturgy of Protestant ideas in the wake of the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time

Pope St. Pius V accordingly imposed uniformity by law in 1570 with the Papal Bull "Quo Primum", ordering use of the Roman Missal as revised by him. A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. The Roman Missal ((Missale Romanum is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite [11] He allowed only rites older than 200 years to survive the promulgation of his 1570 Missal. Several of the rites that remained in existence were progressively abandoned, though the Ambrosian rite survives in Milan, Italy and neighbouring areas, stretching even into Switzerland, and the Mozarabic rite remains in use to a limited extent in Toledo and Madrid, Spain. This article is about the history and the current form of Ambrosian Rite for an explanation of the form of this Rite used before the Vatican-II see Traditional Ambrosian Rite Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. The Mozarabic, Visigothic, or Hispanic Rite is a form of Catholic Worship within the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church and in the Toledo Spain locationpng|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toledo in Spain Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. The Carmelite, Carthusian and Dominican religious orders kept their rites, but in the second half of the twentieth century two of these three chose to adopt the Roman Rite. The Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or Carmelites (sometimes simply Carmel by Synecdoche; Latin: Ordo fratrum Beatæ The Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is The liturgical rite of the Church of Rome is called the Roman Rite. The rite of Braga, in northern Portugal, also seems to have been practically abandoned: since 18 November 1971 that archdiocese authorizes its use only on an optional basis. Braga (ˈBrag-uh a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal, is the capital of the district of Braga, the oldest archdiocese Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. [12]

Beginning in the late seventeenth century, France and neighbouring areas, such as Münster, Cologne and Trier in Germany, saw a flurry of independent missals published by bishops influenced by Jansenism and Gallicanism. Münster ( is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Trier (Trèves Luxembourgish: Tréier; Augusta Treverorum is a City in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River. Jansenism was a branch of Catholic Gallican thought which arose in the frame of the Counter-Reformation and the aftermath of the Council of Trent Gallicanism is the belief that popular civil authority&mdashoften represented by the Monarchs authority or the State 's authority&mdashover the Catholic This ended when Abbot Guéranger and others initiated in the nineteenth century a campaign to return to the Roman Missal. Dom Prosper Louis Pascal Guéranger (born 4 April 1805, Sablé-sur-Sarthe, France; died 30 January 1875, Solesmes

Pius V's revision of the liturgy had as one of its declared aims the restoration of the Roman Missal "to the original form and rite of the holy Fathers". [11] Due to the relatively limited resources available to his scholars, this aim was in fact not realised. [13]

Three different printings of Pius V's Roman Missal, with minor variations, appeared in 1570, a folio and a quarto edition in Rome and a folio edition in Venice. A reproduction of what is considered to be the earliest, referred to therefore as the editio princeps, was produced in 1998. [14] In the course of the printing of the editio princeps, some corrections were made by pasting revised texts over parts of the already printed pages. [15] There were several printings again in the following year 1571, with various corrections of the text. [16]

Historical variations of the Tridentine Mass

Under Pope St Pius V

With the Apostolic Constitution (Papal Bull) "Quo Primum" of 14 July 1570, Pope St Pius V implemented the decision of the Council of Trent that entrusted the Pope with revising the Roman Missal. Quo Primum ( from the first) is the name of an Apostolic constitution in the form of a Papal bull issued by Pope Pius V on 14 Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. The Roman Missal ((Missale Romanum is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite Without making any distinction about different part of his Missal, he declared: "We order and enjoin that nothing must be added to Our recently published Missal, nothing omitted from it, nor anything whatsoever be changed within it under the penalty of Our displeasure. . . . in virtue of Our Apostolic authority, We grant and concede in perpetuity that, for the chanting or reading of the Mass in any church whatsoever, this Missal is hereafter to be followed absolutely, without any scruple of conscience or fear of incurring any penalty, judgment, or censure, and may freely and lawfully be used. Nor are superiors, administrators, canons, chaplains, and other secular priests, or religious, of whatever title designated, obliged to celebrate the Mass otherwise than as enjoined by Us. We likewise declare and ordain that no one whosoever is forced or coerced to alter this Missal, and that this present document cannot be revoked or modified, but remain always valid and retain its full force notwithstanding the previous constitutions and decrees of the Holy See. . . . No one whosoever is permitted to alter this notice of Our permission, statute, ordinance, command, precept, grant, indult, declaration, will, decree, and prohibition. Should any person venture to do so, let him know that he will incur the wrath of Almighty God and of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul. "[17]

Pope Pius V lived less than two years after promulgating his Missal, but in that time he himself, without fear of incurring the wrath of Almighty God and of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, altered the Roman Missal that he had promulgated, adding to it the feast of Our Lady of Victory, a feast whose name his immediate successor, Pope Gregory XIII, changed to "The Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary" (see General Roman Calendar as in 1954). Our Lady of the Rosary (also Our Lady of the Holy Rosary or Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary) is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary in relation to the method Pope Gregory XIII (January 7 1502 &ndash April 10 1585 born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585 The following is a list of the feast days of the General Roman Calendar as it was in 1954. Pope John XXIII changed its name to "Our Lady of the Rosary" (see General Roman Calendar of 1962). Pope John (numberingBlessed This article lists the feast days of the General Roman Calendar as it was in 1962 following the reforms of Pope John XXIII introduced with his Motu proprio ''Rubricarum

For the changes Pope Pius V made in the Roman Calendar, see Tridentine Calendar#Comparison with other Roman calendars. The Tridentine Calendar is the Calendar of saints to be honoured in the official Liturgy of the Roman Rite during the course of the Liturgical year

The Missal of Pope Pius V, being the revision of the Roman Missal asked for by the Council of Trent, is the Missal of the "Tridentine Mass" in the strictest sense. [18]

Under Popes Clement VIII and Urban VIII

Altar of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, as arranged in 1700:It is one of many churches in Rome whose altar, placed at the western end of the church, was positioned so that the priest necessarily faced east, and so towards the people, when celebrating Mass[2]
Altar of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, as arranged in 1700:
It is one of many churches in Rome whose altar, placed at the western end of the church, was positioned so that the priest necessarily faced east, and so towards the people, when celebrating Mass[2]

Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate. Santa Cecilia in Trastevere is a 5th century church of Rome, located in the Trastevere rione and devoted to Saint Cecilia Not to be confused with Antipope Clement VIII. Pope Clement VIII ( February 24, 1536 &ndash March 3, 1605 The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by The Bible texts in the Missal of Pope Pius V did not correspond exactly to what was thus declared to be official text of the Bible in Latin. Accordingly, Pope Clement edited and revised Pope Pius V's, making alterations not only in the Scriptural texts, but in other matters as well. He abolished some prayers that the 1570 Missal of Pope Pius V obliged the priest to say on entering the church; it shortened the two prayers to be said after the Confiteor; it directed that the words "Haec quotiescumque feceritis, in mei memoriam facietis" should not be said, as before, while displaying the chalice to the people after the consecration ("ostendit populo dicens"), but before doing so; it stated at several points of the Canon that the priest was to pronounce the words inaudibly; it suppressed the rule that, at High Mass, the priest, even if not a bishop, was to give the final blessing with three signs of the cross; and it rewrote the rubrics, introducing, for instance, the ringing of a small bell, a usage that even after 1604 (in fact until the time of Pope John Paul II) remained excluded from Mass celebrated by or in the presence of the Pope. Pope [19]

With his Apostolic Constitution Cum Sanctissimum of 7 July 1604, Pope Clement VIII promulgated his revised Missal, "notwithstanding whatsoever licenses, indults and privileges hitherto granted by Us or by the Roman Pontiffs, Our Predecessors, to print the aforenamed Missal of Pius V, which by these presents We expressly revoke and which We wish to be revoked. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death "[20]

While he did not juridically abrogate the Missal of Pope Pius V, he replaced it with his own text.

In 1634, 64 years after the publication of the Missal of Pope Pius V, and 30 years after the Missal of Pope Clement VIII, Pope Urban VIII made another general revision of the Roman Missal, which he promulgated with his Apostolic Constitution Si quid est, declaring: "Following in the footsteps of the Supreme Pontiffs, Our Predecessors, Pius V and Clement VIII, who undertook to review and restore most diligently the rite and prayers pertaining to the celebration of this sacred Mystery, We have ordered that these be again examined and that if by chance anything, as often happens, has been corrupted in the course of time, it shall be restored to its former standard. Pope "[21]

Under later Popes, down to 1969

The first "typical edition" (that is, the edition to which printers were ordered to make their editions conform) of the Roman Missal was thus issued in 1570. The second typical edition was published by Pope Clement VIII in 1604, and in the third by Pope Urban VIII in 1634.

Pope Leo XIII published another typical edition in 1884,[22] with only minor changes, not profound enough to merit having the papal bull of its promulgation included in the Missal, as the bulls of 1604 and 1634 were. Pope Leo XIII ( March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903) born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope Essentially, therefore, Urban VIII's Missal survived for almost three centuries from 1634 to 1920, with the addition of many more saints' feasts.

With the bull Divino Afflatu of 1 November 1911[23] Pope Pius X made significant changes in the rubrics. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Saint Pius X ( Latin: Pius PP X) ( June 2, 1835 &mdash August 20, 1914) born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was the This bull was printed in the next typical edition of the Roman Missal, issued by Pope Benedict XV in 1920, which also included a new section headed: "Additions and Changes in the Rubrics of the Missal in accordance with the Bull Divino afflatu and the Subsequent Decrees of the Sacred Congregation of Rites". Pope Benedict XV ( Latin: Benedictus PP XV) (Benedetto XV ( November 21 1854 &ndash January 22 1922 born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa This additional section was almost as long as the previous section on the "General Rubrics of the Missal", which continued to be printed unchanged.

Although Pope Pius XII radically revised the Palm Sunday and Easter Triduum liturgy, suppressed many vigils and octaves and made other alterations in the calendar (see General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII), he published no new typical edition of the Roman Missal, since the changes he made were intended to be followed by others. Pope Palm Sunday is a Christian Moveable feast which always falls on the Sunday before Easter. Easter Triduum, Holy Triduum, or Paschal Triduum is a term used by some Christian churches particularly the Roman Catholic Church, the In 1955 Pope Pius XII made several changes to the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, changes that remained in force only until 1960 when Pope John XXIII, on the basis However, these changes were incorporated into new printings of the 1920 typical edition, in the same way that feasts instituted by Pope Pius XI were incorporated into such printings.

The final typical edition of the Tridentine Missal was promulgated by Pope John XXIII in 1962, replacing both Pius X's "Additions and Changes in the Rubrics of the Missal" and the earlier "General Rubrics of the Missal" with the completely revised Code of Rubrics issued in 1960. Pope John (numberingBlessed This is the edition of the Roman Missal that in 2007 Pope Benedict XVI authorized for continued use as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger An extraordinary form of the Roman Rite is a form other than the ordinary normal form of that rite

Changes made to the liturgy in 1965 and 1967 in the wake of decisions of the Second Vatican Council were not incorporated in the Roman Missal, but were reflected in the provisional vernacular translations produced when the language of the people began to be used in addition to Latin. This explains the references sometimes met in an English-language context to "the 1965 Missal".

The missals produced by various printing houses almost every year were affected not only by the changes made in the successive "typical editions" but also by the many additions of new feasts to the liturgical calendar. However, these additions had no effect on the form of the Mass.

In this field, Pius V's work in severely reducing the number of such feasts (see Tridentine Calendar) was very soon undone by his successors. The Tridentine Calendar is the Calendar of saints to be honoured in the official Liturgy of the Roman Rite during the course of the Liturgical year Feasts that he abolished, such as those of the Presentation of Mary, Saint Anne and Saint Anthony of Padua, were restored even before Clement VIII's 1604 typical edition of the Missal was issued. Pius V had also, while keeping on 8 December what he called the feast of "the Conception of Blessed Mary" (omitting the word "Immaculate"), suppressed the existing special Mass for the feast, directing that the Mass for the Nativity of Mary (with the word "Nativity" replaced by "Conception") be used instead. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Part of that earlier Mass was revived in the Mass that Pope Pius IX ordered to be used on the feast. Blessed Pope Pius IX (May 13 1792 &ndash February 7 1878 born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16 1846 until 1878

The calendar was revised partially in 1955 and 1960 and completely in 1969, again reducing the number of feasts. For earlier forms of the General Roman Calendar see the Tridentine Calendar, the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius In 1955 Pope Pius XII made several changes to the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, changes that remained in force only until 1960 when Pope John XXIII, on the basis This article lists the feast days of the General Roman Calendar as it was in 1962 following the reforms of Pope John XXIII introduced with his Motu proprio ''Rubricarum [24] But additions continue to be made.

Liturgy of the Tridentine Mass

The Mass is divided into two parts, the Mass of the Catechumens and the Mass of the Faithful. Catechumens,those being instructed in the faith,[25] were once dismissed after the first half, not having yet professed the faith. Profession of faith was considered essential for participation in the Eucharistic sacrifice. The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those [26]

This rule of the Didache is still in effect. The Didache ( Koine Greek:, Didachē, meaning "Teaching" ˈdɪdəkiː in English ðiðaˈxi in Modern Greek) is the common name of a brief It is only one of the three conditions (baptism, right faith and right living) for admission to receiving Holy Communion that the Catholic Church has always applied and that were already mentioned in the early second century by Saint Justin Martyr: "And this food is called among us the Eucharist, of which no one is allowed to partake but the man who believes that the things which we teach are true, and who has been washed with the washing that is for the remission of sins, and unto regeneration, and who is so living as Christ has enjoined" (First Apology, Chapter LXVI). Saint Justin Martyr (also Justin the Martyr, Justin of Caesarea, Justin the Philosopher, Latin Iustinus Martyr or Flavius The First Apology was an early work of Christian apologetics addressed by Justin Martyr to the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius.

Mass of the Catechumens

The first part is the Mass of the Catechumens. [27]

Prayers at the foot of the altar
Et tibi, pater ("and to you, Father"). Servers recite Confiteor at start of a Low Mass.
Et tibi, pater ("and to you, Father"). Servers recite Confiteor at start of a Low Mass. The Confiteor (so named from its first word in Latin is a general confession of sin recited at the beginning of Mass of the Roman Rite and on some other occasions Low Mass (sometimes called Missa Privata) is Mass said by a priest without music or incense and without the assistance of a deacon and subdeacon

"Confíteor Deo omnipoténti, beátæ Maríæ semper Vírgini, beáto Michaéli Archángelo, beáto Joanni Baptístæ, sanctis Apóstolis Petro et Paulo, ómnibus Sanctis, et vobis, fratres (tibi, Pater), quia peccávi nimis cogitatióne, verbo et ópere: mea culpa, mea culpa, mea máxima culpa. The Confiteor (so named from its first word in Latin is a general confession of sin recited at the beginning of Mass of the Roman Rite and on some other occasions Ideo precor beátam Maríam semper Vírginem, beátum Michaélem Archángelum, beátum Joánnem Baptístam, sanctos Apóstolos Petrum et Paulum, omnes Sanctos, et vos, fratres (te, Pater), oráre pro me ad Dóminum Deum nostrum. " (Translation: I confess to almighty God, to blessed Mary ever Virgin, to blessed Michael the archangel, to blessed John the Baptist, to the holy apostles Peter and Paul, to all the saints, and to you, brethren, that I have sinned exceedingly in thought, word, and deed through my fault, through my fault, through my most grievous fault (in Latin, mea culpa, mea culpa, mea maxima culpa). God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary Michael (מִיכָאֵל Micha'el or Mîkhā'ēl; Μιχαήλ Mikhaíl; Michael or Míchaël; ميخائيل Mikhā'īl) is an Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. SACRED was a Cubesat built by the Student Satellite Program of the University of Arizona. The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity Sin is a term used mainly in a religious context to describe an act that violates a moral Rule, or the state of having committed such a violation Therefore I beseech blessed Mary ever Virgin . . . and you, brethren, to pray to the Lord our God for me. Prayer is the act of attempting to communicate with a Deity or spirit Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) ) The servers pray for the priest: "May Almighty God have mercy on you, forgive you your sins, and bring you to life everlasting. " Then it is the servers' turn to confess sinfulness and to ask for prayers. They use the same words as those used by the priest, except that they say "you, Father," in place of "you, brethren", and the priest responds with the same prayer that the servers have used for him plus an extra prayer.

The priest at the altar
Dominus vobiscum ("The Lord be with you") before the Collect.
Dominus vobiscum ("The Lord be with you") before the Collect. In Christian Liturgy, a collect kol-ekt' is both a liturgical action and a short general Prayer.

Instruction

Mass of the Faithful

The second part is the Mass of the Faithful. [30]

Offertory
Offering the chalice with the prayer "Suscipe, Sancte Pater" at the Offertory
Offering the chalice with the prayer "Suscipe, Sancte Pater" at the Offertory

Consecration

Communion

Thanksgiving

Prayers after Mass (not part of the liturgy)

Public

Private

Tridentine editions of the Roman Missal also contained prayers recommended, but not imposed, for recitation by the priest privately after Mass. [40] The Canticle of the Three Youths (Dan 3) is one of these prayers. The Book of Daniel (דניאל, originally written in Hebrew and Aramaic, is a Book in both the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh) and the Christian

Participation by the people

Nuptial Low Mass
Nuptial Low Mass
Prayers at the foot of the altar at a Solemn Mass
Prayers at the foot of the altar at a Solemn Mass

The participation of the congregation at the Tridentine Mass is interior, involving eye and heart, and exterior by mouth. Solemn Mass (missa solemnis or Solemn High Mass or simply High Mass is - when these terms are used in a technical sense not merely as a description - the full ceremonial [41]

Except in the Dialogue Mass form, which arose about 1910 and never became widespread, the people present at the Tridentine Mass do not recite out loud the prayers of the Mass. A Dialogue Mass (in Latin, Missa dialogata; also Missa recitata) is a Low Mass, in which the people recited some parts of the Latin text of the Only the server or servers join with the priest in reciting the prayers at the foot of the altar (which include the Confiteor) and in speaking the other responses. The Confiteor (so named from its first word in Latin is a general confession of sin recited at the beginning of Mass of the Roman Rite and on some other occasions [42] Most of the prayers that the priest says are spoken inaudibly, including almost all the Mass of the Faithful: the offertory prayers, the Canon of the Mass (except for the preface and the final doxology), and (apart from the Agnus Dei) those between the Lord's Prayer and the postcommunion. Canon of the Mass ( Latin: Canon Missæ, Canon Actionis) is the name given in the Roman Missal, from the first typical edition of Pope Pius Agnus Dei is a Latin term meaning Lamb of God, and was originally used to refer to Jesus Christ in his role of the perfect sacrificial The Lord's Prayer, also known as the Our Father or Pater noster, is probably the best-known Prayer in Christianity. Postcommunion ( Latin: Postcommunio) is the text said or sung on a Reciting tone following the Communion of the Mass

At a Solemn Mass or Missa Cantata, a choir sings the servers' responses, except for the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar. Solemn Mass (missa solemnis or Solemn High Mass or simply High Mass is - when these terms are used in a technical sense not merely as a description - the full ceremonial Missa Cantata ( Latin for "sung Mass" is a Tridentine Mass "in which the liturgical parts are sung as in the High Mass, but which is ceremonially The choir also sings the Introit, the Kyrie, the Gloria, the Gradual, the Tract or Alleluia, the Credo, the Offertory and Communion antiphons, the Sanctus, and the Agnus Dei. The Introit ( Latin: introitus, "entrance" is part of the opening of the celebration of the Roman Catholic Mass and the Lutheran Kýrie is from the Greek word κύριε (kyrie the Vocative case of κύριος (kyrios meaning O Lord. The Gradual ( Latin: graduale, sometimes called the Grail) is a chant in the extraordinary form of the Roman Catholic Mass The tract ( Latin: tractus) is part of the proper of the Roman Mass, which is used instead of the Alleluia during Lenten or pre-Lenten The Alleluia is chanted before the Gospel lesson in the Eucharistic Liturgies of the various Christian liturgical rites. The credo ( Latin for "I Believe" ˈkɾeːd̪oː is a statement of Religious belief, such as the Nicene Creed (or less often another creed Offertory (from the Ecclesiastical Latin offertorium, French offertoire, a place to which offerings were brought the Alms The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those This article is about the musical term See Antiphon (person the orator of ancient Greece Sanctus is the Latin word for holy or saint and is the name of an important Hymn of Christian Liturgy. Agnus Dei is a Latin term meaning Lamb of God, and was originally used to refer to Jesus Christ in his role of the perfect sacrificial Of these, only the five that form part of the Ordinary of the Mass are usually sung at a Missa Cantata. The Ordinary of the Mass ( Latin: Ordo Missae) is the set of texts of the Roman Catholic Church Latin Rite Mass that are generally In addition to the Gregorian Chant music for these, polyphonic compositions also exist, some quite elaborate. History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions The priest largely says quietly the words of the chants and then recites other prayers while the choir continues the chant.

Different levels of celebration

Elevation of the sacred Host during a Papal High Mass in Saint Peter's Basilica, 1961
Elevation of the sacred Host during a Papal High Mass in Saint Peter's Basilica, 1961

There are various forms of celebration of the Tridentine Mass:

In its article "The Liturgy of the Mass", the 1917 Catholic Encyclopedia describes how, when concelebration ceased to be practised in Western Europe, Low Mass became distinguished from High Mass:[43]

The separate celebrations then involved the building of many altars in one church and the reduction of the ritual to the simplest possible form. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia Solemn Mass (missa solemnis or Solemn High Mass or simply High Mass is - when these terms are used in a technical sense not merely as a description - the full ceremonial The deacon and subdeacon were in this case dispensed with; the celebrant took their part as well as his own. One server took the part of the choir and of all the other ministers, everything was said instead of being sung, the incense and kiss of peace were omitted. So we have the well-known rite of low Mass (missa privata). This then reacted on high Mass (missa solemnis), so that at high Mass too the celebrant himself recites everything, even though it be also sung by the deacon, subdeacon, or choir.

On the origin of the "Missa Cantata", the same source gives the following information:

. . . high Mass is the norm; it is only in the complete rite with deacon and subdeacon that the ceremonies can be understood. Thus, the rubrics of the Ordinary of the Mass always suppose that the Mass is high. The Ordinary of the Mass ( Latin: Ordo Missae) is the set of texts of the Roman Catholic Church Latin Rite Mass that are generally Low Mass, said by a priest alone with one server, is a shortened and simplified form of the same thing. Its ritual can be explained only by a reference to high Mass. For instance, the celebrant goes over to the north side of the altar to read the Gospel, because that is the side to which the deacon goes in procession at high Mass; he turns round always by the right, because at high Mass he should not turn his back to the deacon and so on. A sung Mass (missa Cantata) is a modern compromise. It is really a low Mass, since the essence of high Mass is not the music but the deacon and subdeacon. Only in churches which have no ordained person except one priest, and in which high Mass is thus impossible, is it allowed to celebrate the Mass (on Sundays and feasts) with most of the adornment borrowed from high Mass, with singing and (generally) with incense.

Revision of the Roman Missal

Pius XII began in earnest the work of revising the Roman Missal with a thorough revision of the rites of Holy Week, which, after an experimental period beginning in 1951, was made obligatory in 1955. Pope The Mass that used to be said on Holy Thursday morning was moved to the evening, necessitating a change in the rule that previously had required fasting from midnight. The Good Friday service was moved to the afternoon, Holy Communion was no longer reserved for the priest alone (as before, hosts consecrated at the Holy Thursday Mass were used) and the priest no longer received part of the host in unconsecrated wine. The Easter Vigil service that used to be held on the morning of Holy Saturday was moved to the night that leads to Easter Sunday and many changes were made to the content.

The prayer after the Confiteor that until 1962 was said before Communion was given to the faithful
The prayer after the Confiteor that until 1962 was said before Communion was given to the faithful

In 1960, Pope John XXIII (1958-1963) ordered the suppression of the word "perfidis" ("faithless"), applied to the Jews, in the rites for Good Friday. The Confiteor (so named from its first word in Latin is a general confession of sin recited at the beginning of Mass of the Roman Rite and on some other occasions Pope John (numberingBlessed He also revised the rubrics to the Order of Mass and also the Breviary. Two years later, in 1962, he made some more minor modifications on the occasion of publishing a new typical edition of the Roman Missal. This is the edition authorized for use by virtue of the Quattuor abhinc annos indult (see below, under Present status of the Tridentine Mass). Among the other changes he made and that were included in the 1962 Missal were: adding St. Joseph's name to the Roman Canon; eliminating the second Confiteor before Communion; suppressing 10 feasts, such as St. Peter's Chair in Rome (or, more accurately, combining both feasts of St Peter's Chair into one, as they originally had been), St. Philomena (the latter had been authorized only for certain places), 14 festal octaves and 9 vigils of feasts; and modifying rubrics especially for Solemn High Masses. [3]

On 4 December 1963, the Second Vatican Council decreed in Chapter II of its Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium:[44]

"[T]he rite of the Mass is to be revised . "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Sacrosanctum Concilium, the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, is one of the constitutions of the Second Vatican Council. . . the rites are to be simplified, due care being taken to preserve their substance. Parts which with the passage of time came to be duplicated, or were added with little advantage, are to be omitted. Other parts which suffered loss through accidents of history are to be restored to the vigor they had in the days of the holy Fathers, as may seem useful or necessary. The treasures of the Bible are to be opened up more lavishly so that a richer fare may be provided for the faithful at the table of God’s word . . . A suitable place may be allotted to the vernacular in Masses which are celebrated with the people . . . communion under both kinds may be granted when the bishops think fit. . . as, for instance, to the newly ordained in the Mass of their sacred ordination, to the newly professed in the Mass of their religious profession, and to the newly baptized in the Mass which follows their baptism. . . "

The instruction Inter Oecumenici[45] of 26 September 1964 initiated the application to the Mass of the decisions that the Council had taken less than a year before. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Permission was given for use, only in Mass celebrated with the people, of the vernacular language, especially in the Biblical readings and the reintroduced Prayers of the Faithful, but also, "until the whole of the Ordinary of the Mass has been revised," in the chants (Kyrie, Gloria, Creed, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, and the entrance, offertory and communion antiphons) and in the parts that involved dialogue with the people, and also in the Our Father, which the people could now recite entirely together with the priest. Most Episcopal Conferences quickly approved interim vernacular translations, generally different from country to country, and, after having them confirmed by the Holy See, published them in 1965. Other changes included the omission of Psalm 42 (41) at the start of Mass and the Last Gospel at the end, both of which Pope Pius V had first inserted into the Missal (having previously been private prayers said by the priest in the sacristy), and the Leonine Prayers of Pope Leo XIII. Pope Leo XIII ( March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903) born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope The Canon of the Mass, which continued to be recited silently, was kept in Latin. Canon of the Mass ( Latin: Canon Missæ, Canon Actionis) is the name given in the Roman Missal, from the first typical edition of Pope Pius Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Three years later, the instruction Tres abhinc annos[46] of 4 May 1967 gave permission for use of the vernacular even in the Canon of the Mass, and allowed it to be said audibly and even, in part, to be chanted; the vernacular could be used even at Mass celebrated without the people being present. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Use of the maniple was made optional, and at three ceremonies at which the cope was previously the obligatory vestment the chasuble could be used instead. For the Roman military unit see Maniple (military unit. The maniple is a liturgical Vestment used primarily within the Roman Catholic The cope (Known in Latin as pluviale 'rain coat' or cappa 'cape' is a liturgical Vestment, which may conveniently be described as a very long mantle The chasuble is the outermost liturgical Vestment worn by Clergy for the celebration of the Eucharist in Western-tradition Christian

Pope Paul VI continued implementation of the Council's directives, ordering with Apostolic Constitution Missale Romanum[47] of Holy Thursday, 3 April 1969, publication of a new official edition of the Roman Missal, which appeared (in Latin) in 1970. Pope Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Missal ((Missale Romanum is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite

Opposition to the latest revisions of the liturgy

Some Traditionalist Catholics reject to a greater or lesser extent the changes made since 1950 (see Traditionalist Catholic). Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical None advocate returning to the original (1570) form of the liturgy, or even to its form before Pius X's revision of the rubrics, but some refuse to accept the 1955 changes in the liturgy of Palm Sunday and the Easter Triduum and to the liturgical calendar (see General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII). In 1955 Pope Pius XII made several changes to the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, changes that remained in force only until 1960 when Pope John XXIII, on the basis Instead, they use the General Roman Calendar as in 1954. The following is a list of the feast days of the General Roman Calendar as it was in 1954. Others accept the 1955 changes, which were introduced by Pius XII, but not those of Pope John XXIII. Others again, in accordance with the authorization granted by Pope Benedict XVI in Summorum Pontificum, use the Missal and calendar as it was in 1962. Summorum Pontificum (Of the Supreme Pontiffs is an Apostolic Letter of Pope Benedict XVI, issued " Motu proprio " (i This article lists the feast days of the General Roman Calendar as it was in 1962 following the reforms of Pope John XXIII introduced with his Motu proprio ''Rubricarum

Traditionalist Catholics argue that, unlike earlier reforms, the revision of 1969-1970 which replaced the Tridentine Mass with the Mass of Pope Paul VI represented a major break with the past. This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass see Mass (Catholic Church. They claim that the content of the revised liturgy is, in Catholic terms, seriously deficient and defective; some even hold that it is displeasing to God, and that no Catholic should attend it. [48] See further Mass of Paul VI. This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass see Mass (Catholic Church.

When a preliminary text of two of the sections of the revised Missal was published in 1969, Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre gathered a group of twelve theologians, who, under his direction,[49] wrote a study of the text. Marcel-François Lefebvre ( November 29 1905 – March 25 1991) better known as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, was a French They stated that it "represents, both as a whole and in its details, a striking departure from the Catholic theology of the Mass as it was formulated in Session 22 of the Council of Trent". [50] Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, a former Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, supported this study with a letter of 25 September 1969 to Pope Paul VI. Alfredo Ottaviani, PhD, STD, JCD ( October 29, 1890 &mdash August 3, 1979) was an Italian Cardinal Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cardinal Antonio Bacci signed the same letter. Antonio Bacci was a Roman Catholic cardinal noted for his approval of the Ottaviani Intervention. The critical study became known as "the Ottaviani Intervention". The Ottaviani Intervention (or Short Critical Study on the New Order of Mass) was a short study of 5 June 1969 sent to Pope Paul VI by Cardinals Cardinal Ottaviani subsequently stated in writing that he had not intended his letter to be made public, and that Pope Paul VI's doctrinal exposition, on 19 November[51] and 26 November 1969,[52] of the revised liturgy in its definitive form meant that "no one can be genuinely scandalised any more". Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [53] Jean Madiran, a critic of Vatican II[54] and editor of the French journal Itinéraires, claimed that this letter was fraudulently presented to the elderly and already blind cardinal for his signature by his secretary, Monsignor (and future Cardinal) Gilberto Agustoni, and that Agustoni resigned shortly afterwards. Gilberto Agustoni (born July 26, 1922 in Schaffhausen, Switzerland) is a Swiss prelate the former Prefect of the Apostolic [55] This allegation remains unproven, and Madiran himself was not an eyewitness of the alleged deception. [56]

In October 1967, a meeting of the Synod of Bishops had already given its opinion on a still earlier draft. Of the 187 members, 78 approved it as it stood, 62 approved it but suggested various modifications, 4 abstained, and 47 voted against. [57]

From the 1960s onwards, Western countries have experienced a drop in Mass attendance (in the United States, from 75% of Catholics attending in 1958 to 25% attending by 2002). These same countries also saw a decline in seminary enrollments and in the number of priests (in the United States, from 1,575 ordinations in 1954 to 450 in 2002), and a general erosion of belief in the doctrines of the Catholic faith. Opponents of the revision of the Mass liturgy argue, citing opinion poll evidence in their support, that the revision contributed to this decline. [58] Others, pointing to the fact that, globally, there are more priests and seminarians now than in previous years (in 1970, there were 72,991 major seminarians worldwide; in 2002, there were 113,199), suggest that the apparent decline of Catholic practice in the West is due to the general influence of secularism and liberalism on Western societies rather than to developments within the Catholic Church.

Recent Popes and the Tridentine Mass

Pope Paul VI

Following the introduction of the Mass of Paul VI in 1969-1970, the Holy See granted a significant number of permissions for the use of the former liturgy. This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass see Mass (Catholic Church. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic For example, elderly priests were not required to switch to celebrating the new rite. In England and Wales, occasional celebrations of Tridentine Mass were allowed in virtue of what was called the "Agatha Christie indult". The "Agatha Christie indult" is a nickname applied to the permission granted in 1971 by Pope Paul VI for the use of the Tridentine Mass in England and However, there was no general worldwide legal framework allowing for the celebration of the rite. Following the rise of the Traditionalist Catholic movement under Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre in the 1970s, Pope Paul VI reportedly declined to liberalise its use further on the grounds that it had become a politically charged symbol. Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical Marcel-François Lefebvre ( November 29 1905 – March 25 1991) better known as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, was a French

Pope John Paul II

In 1984, the Holy See sent a letter known as Quattuor Abhinc Annos to the presidents of the world's Episcopal Conferences. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Quattuor Abhinc Annos ("four years ago" was a document issued on 3 October 1984 by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline In the Roman Catholic Church, an Episcopal Conference, Conference of Bishops, or National Conference of Bishops is an official assembly of all the This document empowered diocesan bishops to authorise, on certain conditions, celebrations of the Tridentine Mass for priests and laypeople who requested them. [59]

In 1988, following the excommunication of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and four bishops that he had consecrated, Pope John Paul II issued a motu proprio called Ecclesia Dei[60] which stated that "respect must everywhere be shown for the feelings of all those who are attached to the Latin liturgical tradition". Marcel-François Lefebvre ( November 29 1905 – March 25 1991) better known as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, was a French A motu proprio ( Latin "on his own impulse" is a document issued by the Pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him Ecclesia Dei is the Motu proprio of 2 July 1988 that Pope John Paul II issued in reaction to the consecration, in The Pope urged bishops to give "a wide and generous application" to the provisions of Quattuor Abhinc Annos, and established the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei to oversee relations between Rome and Traditionalist Catholics. The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope John Paul II's Motu proprio Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical

The Holy See itself granted authorization to use the Tridentine Mass to a significant number of priests and priestly societies, such as the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter, the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest, and the Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney. The Priestly Fraternity of St Peter (In Latin: Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri - FSSP) is a group of Traditionalist Catholic priests The Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest (Latin Institutum Christi Regis Summi Sacerdotis is a society of Priests in the Catholic Church that celebrates The Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney was established on Some diocesan bishops, however, declined to authorise celebrations within their dioceses, or did so only to a limited extent. In some cases, the difficulty was that those seeking the permission were hostile to the church authorities. Other refusals of permission were alleged to have stemmed from certain bishops' disapproval in principle of celebrations of the Tridentine liturgy.

Pope Benedict XVI

As a cardinal, Josef Ratzinger had acquired a reputation as a supporter of a "reform of the reform" of the Mass of Paul VI, and famously criticised (as also did John Paul II and the relevant Vatican congregation) the erratic way in which many priests celebrated the modern rite of Mass. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. [61] His election to the papacy as Benedict XVI in April 2005 gave new hope to Catholics who favoured the Tridentine Mass or wished to reform the Mass of Paul VI. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger

In September 2006, the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei established the Institute of the Good Shepherd, made up of former members of the Society of St. Pius X, in Bordeaux, France, with permission to use the Tridentine liturgy. The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope John Paul II's Motu proprio The Institute of the Good Shepherd is a Catholic society of apostolic life of Traditionalist Catholic priests in Full communion with the The Society of St Pius X ( SSPX) is an international Traditionalist Catholic organisation whose official Latin name is Fraternitas Sacerdotalis [62] This step was met with some discontent from French clergy, and thirty priests wrote an open letter to the Pope. [63] Consistently with its previous policy, the Society of St Pius X rejected the move. [64]

Following repeated rumours that the use of the Tridentine Mass would be liberalised, the Pope issued a motu proprio called Summorum Pontificum in July 2007,[65] together with an accompanying letter to the world's Bishops. A motu proprio ( Latin "on his own impulse" is a document issued by the Pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him Summorum Pontificum (Of the Supreme Pontiffs is an Apostolic Letter of Pope Benedict XVI, issued " Motu proprio " (i [66] The Pope declared that "the Roman Missal promulgated by Paul VI is the ordinary expression of the 'Lex orandi' (Law of prayer) of the Catholic Church of the Latin rite. Nevertheless, the Roman Missal promulgated by St. Pius V and reissued by Bl. John XXIII is to be considered as an extraordinary expression of that same 'Lex orandi'". [67] He further stated that "the 1962 Missal . . . was never juridically abrogated and, consequently, in principle, was always permitted";[68] for its use in practice he laid down new rules to replace those of Quattuor Abhinc Annos. Any priest of the Latin Rite may use the 1962 Roman Missal in Masses celebrated without the people, though the term "without the people" has a specific legal meaning and may include Masses attended by a large number of worshippers. The Latin Rite is one of the 23 Sui iuris Particular Churches within the Catholic Church. Requests by groups of Catholics wishing to use the Tridentine liturgy in parish Masses are to be dealt with by the parish priest or rector of the church rather than, as before, by the local bishop. The Pope and Cardinal Darío Castrillón have, however, stated that the bishops' authority is not thereby undermined. [69]

The new regulations, which came into effect in September 2007, provide that:

Present practice

Since publication of Summorum Pontificum there has been an increase in the number of regularly scheduled public Tridentine Masses in accordance with the 1962 Roman Missal, for which the priests in charge of the churches in question now have authority to grant permission. A list of priestly societies and religious institutes in good standing with the Holy See that use the Tridentine Mass in accordance with the motu proprio is given at Communities Using the Tridentine Mass. A list of priestly societies and religious institutes using a pre-1970 version of the Roman Missal some but not all are in communion with the Holy See. There may also be an increase in the number of Latin-Rite priests who celebrate Mass privately using the 1962 Missal, in line with their right to do so.

Certain "Traditionalist" fraternal organisations and unaffiliated priests celebrate the Tridentine Mass publicly without observing the conditions laid down in Summorum Pontificum and, in some cases, using editions of the Roman Missal other than that of 1962. They claim that they are only doing what is within their perpetual, lawful rights, in spite of the disapproval of the Holy See and the local diocese. They hold that the Catholic Church has taken a seriously wrong turn since the Second Vatican Council, and that the revision of the liturgy is among the most important of a series of highly problematic changes that have been carried through by the Church authorities since then. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. The Society of St. Pius X (SSPX), founded by the French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre in 1970, is the largest and best known such group; as at October 2005, it had 4 bishops and 463 priests in 32 countries. The Society of St Pius X ( SSPX) is an international Traditionalist Catholic organisation whose official Latin name is Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Marcel-François Lefebvre ( November 29 1905 – March 25 1991) better known as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, was a French The Holy See regards the 4 "Lefebvrist" bishops as excommunicated and the SSPX priests as suspended from exercising sacerdotal functions, a position strongly contested by the Society itself and its supporters. Agreement has not yet been reached between this Society and the Holy See.

In order to provide for those who attend the Tridentine Mass, publishers have issued facsimiles or reprintings of old missals. There were two new printings of the 1962 Tridentine Missal in 2004 in the United States alone: one, with the imprimatur of Bishop Fabian Bruskewitz of Lincoln, Nebraska, by Baronius Press in association with the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter; the other by the Society of St. Pius X's publishing house, Angelus Press. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Fabian Wendelin Bruskewitz (born September 6, 1935 in Milwaukee Wisconsin) is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln The City of Lincoln ( Umóⁿhoⁿ: Nískithe Tʰóⁿwoⁿgthoⁿ ˈnĩskiˡðe ˌtʰãwãŋgˡðã meaning "Salt Village" for Salt Creek which was the Baronius Press is a traditional Catholic book publisher with headquarters in London, England. The Priestly Fraternity of St Peter (In Latin: Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri - FSSP) is a group of Traditionalist Catholic priests The Society of St Pius X ( SSPX) is an international Traditionalist Catholic organisation whose official Latin name is Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Angelus Press is the official publishing house of the Society of St Some of the Missals reproduced date from before 1955 and so do not have the revised Holy Week rites promulgated by Pope Pius XII. These earlier editions satisfy those Traditionalist groups that reject Pius XII's liturgical changes, but most prefer a Missal that includes the Easter triduum as revised by that Pope.

Complete list of Traditional Latin Masses (North America)

A complete list of Traditional Latin Masses was maintained after the Second Vatican Council by Mr. Radko Jansky in his Catholic Traditionalist Directory (last published in 1989) and then by Fr. Francis LeBlanc in his Directory of Tridentine Latin Masses (last published in 1992). Since 1994 the National Registry of Traditional Latin Masses maintains, updates, and publishes monthly the Official Traditional Catholic Directory, Listing All Traditional Latin Masses and Traditional Resources for North America. The Directory lists all Traditional Latin Mass sites in North America (the United States, Canada, and Mexico) and contacts for such sites in countries outside of North America. The Directory includes the variations of position among the various traditional Catholic organizations and priests (Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen, Diocese, Independent, Society of St. Pius V, Society of St. Pius X). The Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (CMRI (Latin Congregatio Mariae Reginae Immaculatae) is a Traditionalist Catholic and sedevacantist The Society of St Pius V (SSPV is a society of Traditionalist Catholic priests formed in 1983 and based in Oyster Bay Cove, New York. The Society of St Pius X ( SSPX) is an international Traditionalist Catholic organisation whose official Latin name is Fraternitas Sacerdotalis

References

  1. ^ In this context, "typical edition" means the officially approved edition to whose text other printings are obliged to conform.
  2. ^ Instruction Redemptionis Sacramentum, 112
  3. ^ "Apostolic Letter on the Use of Preconciliar Liturgical Forms" (2007). Committee on the Liturgy 43 (3): 12. Washington D. C. : United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.  
  4. ^ BENEDICT XVI (07/07/2007). Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger "Letter of His Holiness Benedict XVI to the Bishops on the occasion of the publication of the Apostolic Letter "motu proprio data" Summorum Pontificum on the use of the Roman liturgy prior to the reform of 1970". . Libreria Editrice Vaticana Retrieved on 2008-03-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland
  5. ^ Council of Trent, session of 4 December 1563
  6. ^ These regions included those in which a variant of the Roman Rite, called the Sarum Rite, was in use for more than the minimum required time. The Sarum Rite was a variant of the Roman Rite widely used for the ordering of Christian public worship including the Mass or Eucharist On a few recent occasions Roman Catholic prelates have used this variant as an extraordinary form of celebrating Mass. But, like most of the other regions and the orders concerned, the Sarum Rite areas have adopted the standard Roman Missal. The most important non-Roman liturgies that continue in use are the Ambrosian Rite, the Mozarabic Rite and the Carthusian Rite. This article is about the history and the current form of Ambrosian Rite for an explanation of the form of this Rite used before the Vatican-II see Traditional Ambrosian Rite The Mozarabic, Visigothic, or Hispanic Rite is a form of Catholic Worship within the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church and in the Latin liturgical rites used within that area of the Roman Catholic Church where the Latin language once dominated (the Latin Rite or Western Catholic Church
  7. ^ Krmpotic, M. D. . Dalmatia. Catholic encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia  “The right to use the Glagolitic language at Mass with the Roman Rite has prevailed for many centuries in all the south-western Balkan countries, and has been sanctioned by long practice and by many popes. The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic Alphabet. ”
  8. ^ Japundžić, Marko. The Croatian Glagolitic Heritage. Croatian Academy of America.  “In 1886 it arrived to the Principality of Montenegro, followed by the Kingdom of Serbia in 1914, and the Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1920, but only for feast days of the main patron saints. The Principality or Princedom of Montenegro was a principality in Southeastern Europe. The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler Independence The independence of Czechoslovakia was proclaimed on October 28, 1918, by the Czechoslovak National The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members The 1935 concordat with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia anticipated the introduction of the Slavic liturgy for all Croatian regions and throughout the entire state. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija ”
  9. ^ INTER OECUMENICI Sacred Congregation of Rites, 2007, <http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/CDWINOEC.HT>. Retrieved on 25 March 2008 
  10. ^ Redemptionis Sacramentum, 2004, <http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20040423_redemptionis-sacramentum_en.html>. Retrieved on 25 March 2008 
  11. ^ a b c Quo primum, <http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius05/p5quopri.htm>. Retrieved on 25 March 2008 
  12. ^ Braga - Capital de Distrito
  13. ^ "Just after the Council of Trent, the study 'of ancient manuscripts in the Vatican library and elsewhere', as Saint Pius V attests in the Apostolic Constitution Quo primum, helped greatly in the correction of the Roman Missal. Since then, however, other ancient sources have been discovered and published and liturgical formularies of the Eastern Church have been studied. Accordingly many have had the desire for these doctrinal and spiritual riches not to be stored away in the dark, but to be put into use for the enlightenment of the mind of Christians and for the nurture of their spirit" (Apostolic Constitution Missale Romanum).
  14. ^ ISBN 88-209-2547-8; publisher: Libreria Editrice Vaticana; introduction and appendix by Manlio Sodi and Achille Maria Triacca
  15. ^ Introduction to the reproduction of the editio princeps, pages XXVI-XXX
  16. ^ Introduction to the reproduction of the editio princeps, pages XXI
  17. ^ Apostolic Constitution Quo primum
  18. ^ Paul Cavendish, The Tridentine Mass
  19. ^ Solemn Papal Mass. See further The Tridentine Mass by Paul Cavendish
  20. ^ Apostolic Constitution Cum Sanctissimum
  21. ^ Apostolic Constitution Si quid est
  22. ^ Missal in Catholic Encyclopedia
  23. ^ Divino afflatu
  24. ^ Mysterii Paschalis and Ordorecitandi website
  25. ^ The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48, 1913, <http://www.dict.org/bin/Dict?Form=Dict2&Database=*&Query=catechumen>. Retrieved on 25 March 2008 
  26. ^ Chapman, John (1908), Didache, <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04779a.htm>. Retrieved on 25 March 2008 
  27. ^ Text of Mass of the Catechumens
  28. ^ It is an additional ceremony, not part of the Mass itself, and in the Tridentine Missal is given only in an appendix.
  29. ^ Summorum Pontificum, article 6
  30. ^ Text of Mass of the Faithful
  31. ^   "Pope St. Gregory I ("the Great")". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.  
  32. ^ Santus
  33. ^ Mass of the Faithful - The Canon
  34. ^ Diptych
  35. ^ oblation definition
  36. ^ Mass of the Faithful - Closing Prayers
  37. ^ Ritus servandus, X, 6 of the 1962 Missal
  38. ^ Instruction Inter Oecumenici, 48 j
  39. ^ See discussion in Anthony Cekada: Russia and the Leonine Prayers, which considers that the obligation no longer holds.
  40. ^ Post Missam
  41. ^ Pope St. Pius X said: "If you wish to hear Mass as it should be heard, you must follow with eye, heart, and mouth all that happens at the altar. Saint Pius X ( Latin: Pius PP X) ( June 2, 1835 &mdash August 20, 1914) born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was the Further, you must pray with the Priest the holy words said by him in the Name of Christ and which Christ says by him" (The Daily Missal and Liturgical Manual from the Editio Typica of the Roman Missal and Breviary, 1962, Baronius Press, London, 2004, p. 897).
  42. ^ They gave responses to "Kyrie eleison", "Dominus vobiscum", "Per omnia saecula saeculorum", the Gospel reading, the "Orate Fratres", "Sursum Corda", "Gratias agamus Domino Deo nostro", the conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, the "Pax Domini sit semper vobiscum" and the "Ite Missa est"
  43. ^   "Liturgy of the Mass". Kýrie is from the Greek word κύριε (kyrie the Vocative case of κύριος (kyrios meaning O Lord. Dominus Vobiscum, meaning "The Lord be with you" (from Roman Catholic Mass, taken from Ruth 24 and 2 Chronicles 152 is an ancient salutation and blessing This article is about the canonical books of the New Testament The exhortation Orate Fratres (the original Latin " Pray brethren that my sacrifice and yours be acceptable to God the Father almighty" is addressed by the Celebrant This article is about an element of Christian worship For the cooperative housing development in Washington D The Lord's Prayer, also known as the Our Father or Pater noster, is probably the best-known Prayer in Christianity. Ite missa est are the concluding words addressed to the people in the Mass of the Roman Rite. Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.  
  44. ^ Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy
  45. ^ Inter Oecumenici
  46. ^ Tres abhinc annos
  47. ^ Missale Romanum
  48. ^ Pope Benedict XVI, who has several times deplored departures on private initiative from the rite of Mass established in the 1970 revision of the Roman Missal has declared this contention unfounded, writing: "There is no contradiction between the two editions of the Roman Missal. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger In the history of the liturgy there is growth and progress, but no rupture. . . . Needless to say, in order to experience full communion, the priests of the communities adhering to the former usage cannot, as a matter of principle, exclude celebrating according to the new books. The total exclusion of the new rite would not in fact be consistent with the recognition of its value and holiness" (Letter to the Bishops on the occasion of the publication of the Apostolic Letter motu proprio data Summorum Pontificum). Summorum Pontificum (Of the Supreme Pontiffs is an Apostolic Letter of Pope Benedict XVI, issued " Motu proprio " (i
  49. ^ A Short History of the SSPX
  50. ^ Ottaviani letter
  51. ^ Talk on 19 November 1969
  52. ^ Talk on 26 November 1969
  53. ^ Quotation from Documentation Catholique, 1970; the full text of the letter in an English translation is given in http://www.crc-internet.org/ftc31a.htm The New "Ordo Missæ": A battle on two fronts
  54. ^ Je suis un témoin à charge contre mon temps
  55. ^ The Ottaviani Intervention - Part I, by Michael Davies
  56. ^ The Ottaviani Intervention - Part 1, by Michael Davies
  57. ^ Ottaviani
  58. ^ Jones, Kenneth C. Michael Davies ( March 13 1936 - September 25 2004) was a British teacher and Traditionalist Catholic writer of many books Michael Davies ( March 13 1936 - September 25 2004) was a British teacher and Traditionalist Catholic writer of many books (January 2003). Index of Leading Catholic Indicators: The Church since Vatican II. Oriens Publishing. ISBN 0-9728688-0-1
  59. ^ http://www.adoremus.org/Quattuorabhincannos.html English translation of Quattuor abhinc annos]
  60. ^ Ecclesia Dei
  61. ^ Preface to the French edition of Die Reform der Römischen Liturgie by Klaus Gamber; partial English translation; cf. The Spirit of the Liturgy, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2000; and Looking Again at the Question of the Liturgy with Cardinal Ratzinger: Proceedings of the July 2001 Fontgombault Liturgical Conference, Farnborough, Hampshire: St. Michael's Abbey Press, 2002. For a Vatican condemnation of aberrant liturgical practices, see Redemptionis Sacramentum
  62. ^ Brian Mershon, "New French traditionalist priestly society founded," The Wanderer, Sept. 18, 2006.
  63. ^ "French clerics rebel on Latin Mass," The Conservative Voice, Oct. 29, 2006
  64. ^ Communiqué de la Fraternité Sacerdotale Saint Pie X
  65. ^ Summorum Pontificum
  66. ^ [1]
  67. ^ Article 1 of the motu proprio. In his letter to the Bishops he said: "It is not appropriate to speak of these two versions of the Roman Missal as if they were 'two Rites'. Rather, it is a matter of a twofold use of one and the same rite. "
  68. ^ Similarly, Clement VIII did not juridically abrogate the Missal of Pius V, nor did the other Popes who issued later typical editions of the Roman Missal before that of Paul VI (Urban VIII, Leo XIII, Benedict XV, John XXIII) juridically abrogate the previous editions.
  69. ^ In the letter to bishops by which he accompanied the motu proprio the Pope told them that the new regulations "do not in any way lessen your own authority and responsibility, either for the liturgy or for the pastoral care of your faithful. " Cardinal Castrillón has stated: "The Pope has not changed the Code of Canon Law. The bishop is the moderator of the liturgy in his own diocese. But the Apostolic See is entitled to shape the sacred liturgy of the universal Church. And a bishop must act in harmony with the Apostolic See and must guarantee the rights of every believer, including that of being able to attend the mass of Saint Pius V, as extraordinary form of the rite" (30Days, June/July 2007).
  70. ^ Article 4 of the motu proprio

See also

External links

Full texts of Tridentine Roman Missals

Texts of parts of the Tridentine Missal (post-1604)

History

Comparison with non-Roman Western rites and uses

Media

Organizations favouring use of Tridentine Mass

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