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Triangulum Galaxy

Amateur photograph of the Triangulum Galaxy
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Triangulum
Right ascension 01h 33m 50. In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. In common usage a constellation is a group of celestial bodies that are connected together in some arrangement typically stars to form a visible figure or picture Triangulum (traɪˈæŋgjʊləm ' Triangle ' is a small northern Constellation whose three brightest Stars of third and fourth magnitude Right ascension (abbrev RA; symbol α) is the Astronomical term for one of the two Coordinates of a point on the Celestial sphere 9s[1]
Declination +30° 39′ 36″[1]
Redshift -179 ± 3 km/s[1]
Distance 2.92 ± 0.13 Mly (895 ± 40 kpc)[2][3][4][5]
Type SA(s)cd[1]
Apparent dimensions (V) 70′. In Astronomy, declination (abbrev dec or δ) is one of the two coordinates of the Equatorial coordinate system, the other being either In Physics and Astronomy, redshift occurs when Electromagnetic radiation – usually Visible light – emitted or reflected by The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units A light-year or light year (symbol ly) is a unit of Length, equal to just under ten trillion Kilometres As defined by History The first direct measurements of an object at interstellar distances were undertaken by German Astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel in 1838 Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by Astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance The angular diameter of an object as seen from a given position is the "visual diameter" of the object measured as an angle 8 × 41′. 7[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 5. The apparent magnitude ( m) of a celestial body is a measure of its Brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value 7[1]
Notable features NGC 604
Other designations
Messier 33,[1] NGC 598,[1] UGC 1117,[1] PGC 5818[1], Triangulum Pinwheel,[6]
See also: Galaxy, List of galaxies

The Triangulum Galaxy (also known as Messier 33 or NGC 598) is a spiral galaxy approximately 3 million light-years away in the constellation Triangulum. NGC 604 is an H II region inside the Triangulum Galaxy. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 11, 1784. The Messier objects are a set of Astronomical objects first listed by French astronomer Charles Messier in his "Catalogue des Nébuleuses The New General Catalogue ( NGC) is the best-known catalogue of Deep sky objects in Amateur astronomy. The Uppsala General Catalogue of Galaxies (UGC is a catalogue of 12921 galaxies visible from the northern hemisphere The Catalogue of Principal Galaxies ( PGC) is an Astronomical catalogue published in 1989 that lists B1950 and J2000 Equatorial A galaxy is a massive gravitationally bound system consisting of Stars an Interstellar medium of gas and dust, and Dark matter This is a list of notable galaxies. List 4C 3711 Abell 1835 IR1916 AM 0644-741 The Messier objects are a set of Astronomical objects first listed by French astronomer Charles Messier in his "Catalogue des Nébuleuses The New General Catalogue ( NGC) is the best-known catalogue of Deep sky objects in Amateur astronomy. A spiral galaxy is a Galaxy belonging to one of the three main classes of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work “The Realm of the In common usage a constellation is a group of celestial bodies that are connected together in some arrangement typically stars to form a visible figure or picture Triangulum (traɪˈæŋgjʊləm ' Triangle ' is a small northern Constellation whose three brightest Stars of third and fourth magnitude The galaxy is also sometimes informally referred to as the Pinwheel Galaxy by some amateur astronomy references [7] and in some public outreach websites. [8] However, the SIMBAD Astronomical Database, a professional astronomy database that contains formal designations for astronomical objects, indicates that the name "Pinwheel Galaxy" is used to refer to Messier 101, [9] and several other amateur astronomy resources and other public outreach websites also identify Messier 101 by that name. For the missile mounting see Mistral missile SIMBAD (the S et of I dentifications M easurements and B ibliography for [10][11]

It is the third largest galaxy in the Local Group, a group of galaxies that also contains the Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy, and it may be a gravitationally bound companion of the Andromeda Galaxy. The Local Group is the group of galaxies that includes our galaxy the Milky Way. Galaxy groups and clusters are the largest Gravitationally bound objects to have arisen thus far in the process of cosmic structure formation The Milky Way (a translation of the Latin Via Lactea, in turn derived from the Greek Γαλαξίας (Galaxias sometimes referred to simply The Andromeda Galaxy (ænˈdrɒmədə also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224; often referred to as the Great Andromeda The Pisces Dwarf (LGS 3), one of the small Local Group member galaxies, is possibly a satellite of Triangulum. Pisces Dwarf is an irregular dwarf Galaxy that is part of the Local Group. This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite.

Contents

General information

The Triangulum Galaxy can be seen with the naked eye under exceptionally good conditions. While the fainter and more distant galaxy Messier 81 has also been seen with the naked eye by very experienced observers, M33 is often considered the most distant object that can be seen without aid. Messier 81 (also known as NGC 3031 or Bode's Galaxy) is a Spiral galaxy about 12 million Light-years away in the Constellation [7] However, some amateur astronomers may confuse the object with the nearby NGC 752, an [[, it is not likely to be noticed as an object unless one already knows of its existence. Amateur astronomy, a subset of Astronomy, is a Hobby whose participants enjoy studying and observing celestial objects NGC 752 is an Open cluster in the Andromeda constellation. An object that may have been NGC 752 was described by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before

The Triangulum Galaxy was probably discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654, who may have grouped it together with open cluster NGC 752. Giovanni Battista Hodierna (Ragusa April 13 1597 - Palma di Montechiaro August 6 1660) was an Italian Astronomer at An open cluster is a group of up to a few thousand Stars that were formed from the same Giant molecular cloud, and are still loosely gravitationally NGC 752 is an Open cluster in the Andromeda constellation. An object that may have been NGC 752 was described by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before , and is one of the largest H II regions known with a diameter of nearly 1500 light-years and a spectrum similar to the Orion Nebula. A light-year or light year (symbol ly) is a unit of Length, equal to just under ten trillion Kilometres As defined by The electromagnetic (EM spectrum is the range of all possible Electromagnetic radiation frequencies The Orion Nebula (also known as Messier 42, M42, or NGC 1976) is a Diffuse nebula situated south of Orion 's Belt Herschel also noted 3 other smaller H II regions (NGC 588, 592 and 595).

In 2005, using observations of two water masers on opposite sides of Triangulum via the VLBA, researchers were, for the first time, able to estimate the angular rotation and proper motion of Triangulum. An astrophysical maser is a naturally occurring source of stimulated Spectral line emission typically in the Microwave portion of the Electromagnetic A velocity of 190 ± 60 km/s relative to the Milky Way is computed which gives the velocity that Triangulum is moving towards Andromeda. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units The Andromeda Galaxy (ænˈdrɒmədə also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224; often referred to as the Great Andromeda [12]

In 2007, a black hole about 15. 7 times the mass of the Sun was detected in the galaxy using data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The Chandra X-ray Observatory is a Satellite launched on STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. The black hole, named M33 X-7, orbits a companion star which it eclipses every 3. 5 days. [13]

The galaxy has an H II nucleus. An H II region (also known as Emission nebula) is a cloud of glowing Gas and plasma, sometimes several hundred Light-years across [14]

Distance

At least two techniques have been used to measure distances to M 33. Using the Cepheid variable method, an estimate of 2. A Cepheid variable (pron ˈse-f(ē-id or ˈsē-f(ē-id or Cepheid is a member of a particular class of Variable stars notable for a fairly tight correlation 77 ± 0. 13 Mly (850 ± 40 kpc) was achieved in 2004. A light-year or light year (symbol ly) is a unit of Length, equal to just under ten trillion Kilometres As defined by History The first direct measurements of an object at interstellar distances were undertaken by German Astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel in 1838 [2][3]

In 2006, a group of astronomers announced the discovery of an eclipsing binary star in the Triangulum Galaxy. A binary star is a Star system consisting of two Stars orbiting around their Center of mass. By studying the eclipses of the stars, the astronomers were able to measure their sizes. Knowing the sizes and temperatures of the stars they were able to measure the absolute magnitude of the stars. In Astronomy, absolute magnitude (also known as absolute visual magnitude) is the Apparent magnitude an object would have if it were at a standard When the visual and absolute magnitudes are known, the distance to the star can be measured. The apparent magnitude ( m) of a celestial body is a measure of its Brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value The stars lie at the distance of 3. 1 ± 0. 2 Mly (940 ± 70 kpc). [4]

Averaged together, all these distance measurements give a combined distance estimate of 2. 92 ± 0. 13 Mly (895 ± 40 kpc). [5]

References in fiction

Main article: Galaxies in fiction

In the Episode "Where No One Has Gone Before" of season one of Star Trek: The Next Generation, the Enterprise-D is hurled into the M-33 galaxy by a mistake made by an alien visitor known only as "The Traveler". Galaxies other than the Milky Way are popular settings for creators of Science fiction, particularly those working with broad-scale Space opera settings " Where No One Has Gone Before " is a first-season episode of Star Trek The Next Generation. Star Trek The Next Generation ( STTNG or TNG) is an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning science fiction television program created by Gene Roddenberry Also, in the video game Crysis, the alien enemies in-game seem to have come from "Galaxy M33". CRYSIS is an acronym for CRY ogenic S tockholm I on S ource CRYSIS is an Ion source of EBIS type and is located in Stockholm

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. The Messier objects are a set of astronomical objects catalogued by Charles Messier in his "Catalogue des Nébuleuses et des Amas d'Étoiles" ("Catalogue of Nebulae The New General Catalogue ( NGC) is the best-known catalogue of Deep sky objects in Amateur astronomy. NGC 604 is an H II region inside the Triangulum Galaxy. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 11, 1784. Results for NGC 598. Retrieved on 2006-12-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican
  2. ^ a b I. D. Karachentsev, V. E. Karachentseva, W. K. Hutchmeier, D. I. Makarov (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal 127: 2031-2068. doi:10.1086/382905. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  3. ^ a b Karachentsev, I. D. ; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics 49 (1): 3-18. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  4. ^ a b Bonanos, A. Z. ; Stanek, K. Z. ; Kudritzki, R. P. ; Macri, L. ; Sasselov, D. D. ; Kaluzny, J. ; Bersier, D. ; Bresolin, F. ; Matheson, T. ; Mochejska, B. J. ; Przybilla, N. ; Szentgyorgyi, A. H. ; Tonry, J. ; Torres, G. (2006). "The First DIRECT Distance to a Detached Eclipsing Binary in M33". Astrophysics and Space Science Online First.  
  5. ^ a b average(850 ± 40, 940 ± 70) = ((850 + 940) / 2) ± ((40² + 70²)0. 5 / 2) = 895 ± 40
  6. ^ SIMBAD astronomical database. Results for M33. Retrieved on 2007-04-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
  7. ^ a b S. J. O'Meara (1998). The Messier Objects. Cambridge: Cambridge University. ISBN 0-521-55332-6.  
  8. ^ NASA Spitzer Telescope Reveals Pinwheel Galaxy's Hidden Wonders. Retrieved on 2007-04-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
  9. ^ SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Results for Messier 101. . Retrieved on 2007-04-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
  10. ^ Messier Object 101. Retrieved on 2007-04-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
  11. ^ Best of AOP: M101: Pinwheel Galaxy. Retrieved on 2007-04-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
  12. ^ Brunthaler, Andreas; Reid, Mark J. ; Falcke, Heino; Greenhill, Lincoln J. ; Henkel, Christian (2005). "The Geometric Distance and Proper Motion of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33)". Science 307 (5714): 1440-1443. doi:10.1126/science.1108342. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  13. ^ Morcone, Jennifer, Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered in Nearby Galaxy, Chandra X-ray Observatory press release, 2007-10-17
  14. ^ Ho, Luis C. The Chandra X-ray Observatory is a Satellite launched on STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost ; Filippenko, Alexei V. & Sargent, Wallace L. W. (October 1997), “A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies”, Astrophysical Journal Supplement 112: 315-390 

External links

Dictionary

Triangulum Galaxy

-proper noun

  1. (astronomy): A relatively nearby spiral galaxy in the Local Group, together with the Milky Way galaxy. It is at a distance of approximately 2.6 million light years from Earth, in the direction of the constellation Triangulum.
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