Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Geography
Status	Autonomous region
Capital	Trento
President	Lorenzo Dellai (DL-Union)
Provinces	2
Area	13,606.87 km²
- Ranked	11th (4. Article 116 of the Italian Constitution contemplates that five of the 20 regions of Italy shall benefit of particular conditions of Autonomy Trento (traditional English Trent; Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: Tridentum; Note that many Democracy Is Freedom – The Daisy ( Democrazia è Libertà – La Margherita, DL was a centrist Italian political party. The Union ( Italian: L'Unione) was an Italian Centre-left Political party coalition led by Romano Prodi, the In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions  Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of These are ranked lists of the regions of Italy. Population figures are from 2001 5 %)
Population (2006 est. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology )
- Total	994,703
- Ranked	16th (1. These are ranked lists of the regions of Italy. Population figures are from 2001 7 %)
- Density	73/km²

Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol^[1] (Italian: Trentino-Alto Adige; German: Trentino-Südtirol; Ladin: Trentin-Adesc Aut ^[2][3], also Trentin-Sudtirol) is an autonomous region in Northern Italy. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Ladin ( Ladino in Italian Ladin in Ladin Ladinisch in German is a Rhaeto-Romance language spoken in the Dolomite mountains Article 116 of the Italian Constitution contemplates that five of the 20 regions of Italy shall benefit of particular conditions of Autonomy Related categories Central Italy Southern Italy Insular Italy Northeast Italy It consists of two provinces: Trento and Bolzano-Bozen. The Province of Trento (Provincia autonoma di Trento also called Trentino, is an Autonomous province of Italy. The Province of Bolzano-Bozen (Provincia autonoma di Bolzano Autonome Provinz Bozen Ladin: Provinzia The region was part of Austria-Hungary (and its predecessor, the Austrian Empire) from 1815 until its annexation by Italy in 1919. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest It was officially referred to as Venezia Tridentina between 1919 and 1947 and Trentino-Alto Adige/Tiroler Etschland between 1947 and 1972. In English, the commonly used term is Trentino-Alto Adige; Trentino-South Tyrol is also sometimes used. Together with the Austrian state of Tyrol it is represented by the Euroregion Tirol-Südtirol/Alto Adige-Trentino. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Tyrol ( Tirol) is a state or Bundesland, located in the west of Austria. In European Politics, a Euroregion is a form of Transnational co-operation structure between two (or more territories located in different European

Geography

The region is bordered by Tyrol (Austria) to the north, by Graubünden (Switzerland) to the north-west and by the Italian regions of Lombardy and Veneto to the west and south, respectively. Tyrol ( Tirol) is a state or Bundesland, located in the west of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Graubünden or Grisons ( German:, gʁaʊˈbyndən Italian: Grigioni; Romansh: Grischun) is the largest and easternmost Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It covers 13,619 km² (5,256 mi²). To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions  Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. It is extremely mountainous, covering a large part of the Dolomites and the southern Alps. The Dolomites (Dolomiti Dolomiten Dolomitis are a section of the Alps. The lowest pass across the Alps, the Brenner Pass, is located at the far north of the region on the border with Austria. Brenner Pass ( Italian: Passo del Brennero; German: Brennerpass; Latin: Brennus Mons) is a Mountain pass through

Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol is divided into two autonomous provinces:

• Province of Trento
• Province of Bolzano-Bozen

History

The region of current Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol was conquered by the Romans in 15 BC. The Province of Trento (Provincia autonoma di Trento also called Trentino, is an Autonomous province of Italy. The Province of Bolzano-Bozen (Provincia autonoma di Bolzano Autonome Provinz Bozen Ladin: Provinzia After the end of the Western Empire, it was divided between the Lombards (from the south up to Salorno), Alamanni (Vinschgau-Val Venosta) and Bavarians (from Bolzano to Brenner). The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Salorno (Salorno sulla Strada del Vino Salurn an der Weinstraße Archaic (580AD Salurna, also Salurn or Salurne) is a Comune The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany The Vinschgau Valley (Val Venosta Vinschgau Vnuost or Venosta Valley, is the upper part of the Adige (Etsch Adesc river valley in the western part of the The Bavarians are a German people from Bavaria, Germany. They are the inheritors of the Bavarii, which occupied modern-day Bavaria and its surroundings Brenner (Brennero Latin: Brennus) is a town and Comune in the Province of Bolzano-Bozen in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol After the creation of the Kingdom of Italy under Charlemagne, the frontier mark of Trento included the counties of Bolzano and Venosta, while the Duchy of Bavaria received the remained part. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria.

From the 11th century onwards, part of the region was governed by the prince-bishops of Trento and Brixen, to whom the Holy Roman Emperors had given extensive temporal powers over their bishoprics. A Prince-Bishop is a Bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more Secular principalities usually pre-existent titles of nobility Trento (traditional English Trent; Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: Tridentum; Note that many Brixen ( Italian: Bressanone; Ladin: Porsenù or Persenon; Latin: Brixino; also known as Pressena The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The rest was part of the County of Tyrol: in 1363 its last titular, Marguerite of Gorizia (von Görz) ceded it to the House of Habsburg. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Gorizia (Gurize Gorica Görz is a town in northeastern Italy, at the foot of the Alps and bordering Slovenia. The northern regions were largely Germanized in the early Renaissance (14th century), and important German poets like Oswald von Wolkenstein were originally of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. Germanisation (also spelled Germanization) is either the spread of the German language, people and culture either by force or Assimilation The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Oswald von Wolkenstein (born 1376 or 1377 possibly in the Puster (Pusteria Valley; died August 2 1445 in Merano) was a poet

The two Bishoprics were secularized by the Treaty of Luneville of 1803 and given to the Habsburgs. The Treaty of Lunéville was signed on February 9 1801 between the French Republic and the Holy Roman Empire by Joseph Bonaparte and Two years later, following the Austrian defeat at Austerlitz, the region was given to Napoleon's ally Bavaria (Treaty of Pressburg, 1805). The Battle of Austerlitz (Bitva u Slavkova also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of Napoleon's greatest victories effectively destroying the The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern was a German state that existed from 1806&ndash1918 The Peace of Pressburg refers to four peace treaties concluded in Pressburg (today Bratislava, Slovakia) The new rulers provoked a peasant rebellion, led by local hero Andreas Hofer, in 1809 which was soon crushed; the Treaty of Paris of February 1810 split the area between Austria and the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. Andreas Hofer ( November 22, 1767 – February 20 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and patriot. The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia, but also Regno Italico; 17 March 1805 – 11 April After Napoleon's defeat, in 1815, the region returned to Austria. During French control of the region, it was called officially Haut Adige (literally "High Adige", Italian: "Alto Adige"; German: "Hoch Etsch") in order to avoid any reference to the historical Austrian Tyrol province.

During the First World War, major battles were fought high in the Alps and Dolomites between Austro-Hungarian and Italian forces, for whom control of the region was a key strategic objective. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian war effort enabled Italian troops to occupy the region in 1918 and its annexation was confirmed in the post-war treaties, which awarded the region to Italy under the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new

Under the rule of Benito Mussolini, the Fascist dictator of Italy (ruled 1922-1943), Alto Adige/Südtirol was subjected to an intensive programme of Italianization: all references to old Tyrol were banned and the region was referred to as "Venezia Tridentina," in an attempt to justify the Italian claims to the area by historically linking the region to one of the Roman Regions of Italy (Regio X Venetia et Histria). Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology A dictator is an Authoritarian ruler (eg Absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power without hereditary ascension such as an Absolute Italianization is a term used to describe a process of Cultural assimilation in which ethnically non- or partially- Italian people or territory become Italian Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula. Hitler and Mussolini agreed in 1938 that the German-speaking population would be transferred to German-ruled territory or dispersed around Italy, but the outbreak of the Second World War prevented them from fully carrying out the relocation. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Nevertheless thousands of people were relocated to the Third Reich and only with great difficulties managed to return to their ancestral land after the end of the war.

In 1943, when the Italian government signed an armistice with the Allies, the region was occupied by Germany, which reorganised it as the Operation Zone of the Alpine Foothills and put it under the administration of Gauleiter Franz Hofer. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. OZAV The Prealpine Operations Zone (Operationszone Alpenvorland or OZAV Zona d'operazione Prealpi was a Nazi German puppet district in the sub-Alpine A Gauleiter was the party leader of a regional branch of the NSDAP (more commonly known as the Nazi Party) or the head of a Gau or of a Franz Hofer ( November 27 1902 in Bad Hofgastein &ndash February 18 1975 in Mülheim an der Ruhr) was in the time of the The region was de facto annexed to the German Reich (with the addition of the province of Belluno) until the end of the war. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Province of Belluno ( Provincia di Belluno) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. This status ended along with the Nazi regime and Italian rule was restored in 1945. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German

Italy and Austria negotiated an agreement in 1946, put into effect in 1947 when a new Italian constitution was promulgated, that the region would be granted considerable autonomy. The Constitution of the Italian Republic (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947 with 453 votes in favour and 62 German and Italian were both made official languages, and German-language education was permitted once more. However, the implementation of the agreement was not seen as satisfactory by either the German-speaking population or the Austrian government. The issue became the cause of significant friction between the two countries and was taken up by the United Nations in 1960. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security A fresh round of negotiations took place in 1961 but proved unsuccessful, partly because of a campaign of terrorism by German-speaking separatists. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion

The issue was only resolved in 1971 when a new Austro-Italian treaty was signed and ratified. It stipulated that disputes in the province of Bolzano would be submitted for settlement to the International Court of Justice in The Hague, that the province would receive greater autonomy within Italy, and that Austria would not interfere in Bolzano's internal affairs. See also International Commission of Jurists The International Court of Justice (known colloquially as the World Court or ICJ; Cour The new agreement proved broadly satisfactory to the parties involved and the separatist tensions soon eased. Matters were helped further by Austria's accession to the European Union in 1995, which has helped to improve cross-border cooperation. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

Politics

Main article: Politics of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

The regional capital is Trento and the region is divided into two autonomous provinces: Province of Trento (or Trentino), and Province of Bolzano (or Alto Adige/Südtirol). The Politics of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy takes place in a framework of a parliamentary Representative democracy, whereby the In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The provincial capitals alternate biennially as the site of the regional parliament. The autonomy of both provinces elevates them de facto to the status of autonomous regions. At the April 2006 elections, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol gave 62% of its votes to Romano Prodi. In the Italian general election 2006 for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy held on April 9 and April 10, 2006 (born 9 August 1939 is an Italian politician and statesman He served as President of the Council of Ministers (prime minister of Italy twice from 17 May

Economy

Trentino-Alto Adige region is major producer of Italian wines such as Cabernet Sauvignon (pictured) and Pinot grigio. Italian wine is Wine produced in Italy, a Country which is home to some of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties.

The fertile valleys of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol produce wine, fruit, dairy products and timber, while its industries include paper, chemical and metal production. List of Italian DOC wines, in alphabetical order by region the wine-making regions of Italy are equivalent to its twenty administrative regions, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol The region is a major exporter of hydroelectric power. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water Tourism is an important source of revenue and the region is renowned for its winter skiing opportunities, especially in the Gherdëina (Gardena) valley. Val Gardena (Gröden Ladin: Gherdëina) is a valley in the Dolomites of northern Italy.

Demographics

Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol has a population of about 985,000 people (487,000 in Bolzano and 503,000 in Trento provinces). The main ethnic groups are Italian-speakers (about 60% of the total) and German speakers (a little under 35%), with a small minority speaking Ladin (5%). Ladin ( Ladino in Italian Ladin in Ladin Ladinisch in German is a Rhaeto-Romance language spoken in the Dolomite mountains In the province of Bolzano, the majority language is German (69% of the population), although in the capital city Bolzano 73% of the population speaks Italian as mother language. For the mathematician see Bernard Bolzano; for other uses see Bolzano (disambiguation. ^[4] In the province of Trento there are very few German speakers. They live mainly in the municipality of Luserna and four municipalities in the Mocheni Valley. Luserna ( Cimbrian: Lusèrn) is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Trento in the Italian region Trentino-Alto There are also Ladin-speakers living in the Fassa Valley. Unlike in Alto Adige/Südtirol, the protection of minority language groups in Trentino is not covered by the new Statuto d'Autonomia, although it is under current provincial statutes. A minority language is a Language spoken by a Minority of the Population of a country As of 2006, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 55,747 foreign-born immigrants live in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, equal to 5. 6% of the total regional population.

Towns of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol with a population of 50,000 or more:

Notes

External links

• (Italian) (German) Official site of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
• Map of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol