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Travel literature is travel writing considered to have value as literature. Travel writing is a broad category of Writing concerned with various aspects of Travel. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Travel literature typically records the people, events, sights and feelings of an author who is touring a foreign place for the pleasure of travel. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Travel is the change in location of people on a trip through the means of Transport from one location to another An individual work is sometimes called a travelogue or itinerary.

To be called literature the work must have a coherent narrative, or insights and value, beyond a mere logging of dates and events, such as diary or ship's log. A narrative or story is a construct created in a suitable format (written spoken poetry prose images song Theater, or Dance) that describes a sequence of A travel journal, also called road journal or travelogue, is a record made by a voyager A Logbook was originally a book for recording readings from the log, and is used to determine the distance a ship traveled within a certain amount of time Literature that recounts adventure, exploration and conquest is often grouped under travel literature, but it also has its own genre outdoor literature; these genres will often overlap with no definite boundaries. An adventure is an activity that comprises Risky dangerous and uncertain experiences Outdoor literature is a Literature genre about or involving the outdoors This article focuses on literature that is more akin to tourism.

Contents

History

One of the earliest known records of taking pleasure in travel, of travelling for the sake of travel and writing about it, is Petrarch's (1304–1374) ascent of Mount Ventoux in 1336. Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar Mont Ventoux (Ventor in classical norm or oc ''Ventour'' in Mistralian norm is a Mountain in the Provence region of southern France, located some 20 km He states that he went to the mountaintop for the pleasure of seeing the top of the famous height. His companions who stayed at the bottom he called frigida incuriositas ("a cold lack of curiosity"). He then wrote about his climb, making allegorical comparisons between climbing the mountain and his own moral progress in life. Allegory in the Middle Ages was a vital element in the Synthesis of Biblical and Classical traditions into what would become recognizable as Medieval culture

Michault Taillement, a poet for the Duke of Burgundy, travelled through the Jura Mountains in 1430 and left us with his personal reflections, his horrified reaction to the sheer rock faces, and the terrifying thunderous cascades of mountain streams. Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which The Jura Mountains are a small Mountain range located north of the Alps, separating the Rhine and Rhone rivers and forming part of Antoine de la Sale (c. Antoine de la Sale or la Salle (1385/6 to 1460/1 was a French Writer. 1388–c. 1462), author of Petit Jehan de Saintre, climbed to the crater of a volcano in the Lipari Islands in 1407, leaving us with his impressions. The Aeolian Islands ( Italian Isole Eolie) are a Volcanic Archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea north of Sicily. "Councils of mad youth" were his stated reasons for going. In the mid 15th century, Gilles le Bouvier, in his Livre de la description des pays, gave us his reason to travel and write:

Because many people of diverse nations and countries delight and take pleasure, as I have done in times past, in seeing the world and things therein, and also because many wish to know without going there, and others wish to see, go, and travel, I have begun this little book.

In 1589, Richard Hakluyt (c. Richard Hakluyt (, or) (c 1552 or 1553 – 23 November 1616 was an English writer 1552–1616) published Voyages, a foundational text of the travel literature genre.

Other later examples of travel literature include accounts of the Grand Tour. The Grand Tour was the traditional travel of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means Aristocrats, clergy, and others with money and leisure time travelled Europe to learn about the art and architecture of its past. One tourism literature pioneer was Robert Louis Stevenson (18501894). Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (13 November 1850–3 December 1894 was a Scottish novelist poet and travel writer, and a representative of Neo-romanticism in For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Travel literature also became popular during the Song Dynasty (960–1279) of medieval China. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events By Place Europe Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National [1] The genre was called 'travel record literature' (youji wenxue), and was often written in narrative, prose, essay and diary style. A narrative or story is a construct created in a suitable format (written spoken poetry prose images song Theater, or Dance) that describes a sequence of For the Wikipedia guideline regarding editing articles see WikipediaManual of Style. An essay is usually a short piece of writing It is often written from an author's personal point of view. For other uses of the term 'diary' see Diary (disambiguation. [2] Travel literature authors such as Fan Chengda (1126–1193) and Xu Xiake (1587–1641) incorporated a wealth of geographical and topographical information into their writing, while the 'daytrip essay' Record of Stone Bell Mountain by the noted poet and statesman Su Shi (1037–1101) presented a philosophical and moral argument as its central purpose. Fan Chengda ( 1126–1193 Courtesy name Zhineng (致能 was one of the best-known Chinese poets of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD a government official Xu Xiake ( January 5 1587 — March 8 1641) born Xu Hongzu (徐弘祖 Courtesy name Zhenzhi (振之 Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena Topography ( topo-, "place" and graphia, "writing" is the study of Earth 's Surface features or those of Planets Su Shi ( 1037–1101 was a writer, poet, Artist, calligrapher, Pharmacologist, and Statesman of the Song Dynasty Su Shi ( 1037–1101 was a writer, poet, Artist, calligrapher, Pharmacologist, and Statesman of the Song Dynasty [3]

In the 18th century, travel literature was commonly known as the book of travels, which mainly consisted of maritime diaries. [4] In 18th century England, almost every famous writer worked in the travel literature form. [5] Captain James Cook's diaries (1784) were the equivalent of today's best sellers.

Travel guides

Main article: Guide book

Travel literature is not to be confused with travel guides, usually a series put out by a publisher, each dealing with a particular country, city or region. A guide book is a book for Tourists or travelers that provides details about a Geographic location, Tourist destination, or Itinerary. These are useful for travellers, as they provide a wealth of information on hotels, restaurants, major sights, travel tips etc. The writers are often specialists who travel and write these books for a living.

Types of travelogues

Some travel writers are people who travel and make their livings by writing about it. The Americans William Least Heat-Moon (b. William Least Heat-Moon, byname of William Trogdon (born 1940 is an American travel writer of English, Irish and Osage Nation ancestry 1940) and Paul Theroux (b. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Paul Edward Theroux (born April 10, 1941) is an American Travel writer and Novelist, whose best known work is perhaps 1941), the Welsh author Jan Morris (b. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jan Morris CBE (born on 2 October 1926 in Clevedon, Somerset, England) is a British Historian, author and Travel writer 1926) and the Englishman Eric Newby (19192006) come to mind, although Morris is also known as an historian and Theroux as a novelist. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. George Eric Newby CBE MC ( December 6, 1919 &ndash October 20, 2006) was an English Author of Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

There is a point, too, in which travel literature intersects with essay writing, as in V. S. Naipaul's India: A Wounded Civilization (1977), where a trip becomes the occasion for extended observations on a nation and people. An essay is usually a short piece of writing It is often written from an author's personal point of view. Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul Kt, TC (born August 17, 1932 in Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago) better known India A Wounded Civilization, by V S Naipaul, is the second book of his "India" trilogy after An Area of Darkness, and before Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Rebecca West's (18921983) work on Yugoslavia, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (1941) is another example. Cicely Isabel Fairfield ( December 21, 1892 - March 15, 1983) known by her pen name Rebecca West, or Dame Rebecca West Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (ISBN 0-14-018847-9 is an 1181-page travel book written by Dame Rebecca West, published in 1941 Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Travel and nature writing merge in many of the works of Sally Carrighar (18951985), Ivan T. Sanderson (19111973) and Gerald Durrell (19251995). Sally Carrighar (1898&ndash1985 is a noted American naturalist and Writer. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Ivan Terence Sanderson ( January 30, 1911 – February 19, 1973) was a naturalist and writer born in Edinburgh, Scotland Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Gerald ('Gerry' Malcolm Durrell OBE ( January 7, 1925 &ndash January 30, 1995) was a naturalist, Zookeeper Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 These authors are naturalists who write to support their great passion. Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods Both Durrell and Sanderson can be quite funny. Charles Darwin (18091882) wrote his famous account of the journey of HMS Beagle at the intersection of science, natural history and travel. Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common First Voyage On 27 September 1825 Beagle docked at Woolwich for repairs and fitted out for her new duties at a total cost of £5913

Literary travel writing also occurs when an author, famous in another field, travels and writes about his or her experiences. Examples of such writers are Samuel Johnson (17091784), Charles Dickens (18121870), Robert Louis Stevenson (18501894), Hilaire Belloc (18701953), D. H. Lawrence (18851930), Rebecca West (18921983), John Steinbeck (19021968) and Evelyn Waugh (19031966). Samuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr Johnson) (18 September Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1784 ( MDCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (13 November 1850–3 December 1894 was a Scottish novelist poet and travel writer, and a representative of Neo-romanticism in For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Joseph Hilaire Pierre René Belloc (27 July 1870 &ndash 16 July 1953 was a French -born Writer who became a Naturalised British subject Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. David Herbert Richards Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930 was an English writer of the 20th century whose prolific and diverse output included Novels short Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cicely Isabel Fairfield ( December 21, 1892 - March 15, 1983) known by her pen name Rebecca West, or Dame Rebecca West Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) John Steinbeck III (February 27 1902—December 20 1968 was one of the best-known and most widely read American writers of the 20th century Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Arthur Evelyn St John Waugh (ˈiːvlɪn ˈwɔː (28 October 1903 &ndash 10 April 1966 was an English Writer, best known for such darkly humorous and Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar.

Travel literature may be cross-cultural or transnational in focus, or it may involve travel to different regions within the same country. cross-cultural may refer to Cross-cultural studies, a comparative tendency in various fields of cultural analysis any of various forms of interactivity Transnationalism is a Social movement grown out of the heightened interconnectivity between People all around the world and the loosening of boundaries between The article is about the geographic sense of the term For other uses including Regions and Regional, see Region (disambiguation. Accounts of spaceflight may also be considered as travel literature. Spaceflight is the use of Space technology to fly a Spacecraft into and through Outer space.

Fictional travelogues make up a large proportion of travel literature. Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. Although it may be desirable in some contexts to distinguish fictional from non-fictional works, such distinctions have proved notoriously difficult to make in practice, as in the famous instance of the travel writings of Marco Polo or John Mandeville. Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. Non-fiction is an account or representation of a subject which is presented as Fact. Marco Polo ( September 15 1254 – January 9 1324 at earliest but no later than June 1325 was a Venetian trader and explorer " Jehan de Mandeville " translated as " Sir John Mandeville " is the name claimed by the compiler of a singular book of supposed travels written in Many "fictional" works of travel literature are based on factual journeys – Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness), presumably Homer's Odyssey (c. Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924 was a Polish-born English novelist Heart of Darkness is a Novella written by Polish-born writer Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski) Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the The Odyssey ( Greek: Ὀδύσσεια or Odússeia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. 8th cent. BCE) – while other works, though based on imaginary and even highly fantastic journeys – Dante's Divine Comedy (1321), Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726), or Voltaire's Candide (1759), Samuel Johnson's Rasselas (1759) – nevertheless contain factual elements. The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The Divine Comedy Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 Gulliver's Travels (1726 amended 1735 officially Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World in Four Parts Year 1726 ( MDCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French --> Candide ou l'Optimisme (1759 is a French Satire by the Enlightenment Philosopher Voltaire, English translations of which Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Samuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr Johnson) (18 September The History of Rasselas Prince of Abissinia, often

Notable travel writers and travel literature

See outdoor literature for adventure/exploration/nature literature. Outdoor literature is a Literature genre about or involving the outdoors

The Royal Road to Romance, The Flying Carpet, New Worlds to Conquer, The Glorious Adventure, Seven League Boots

See also

References

  1. ^ Hargett, 67
  2. ^ Hargett, 67–93. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. A travel journal, also called road journal or travelogue, is a record made by a voyager Travel writing is a broad category of Writing concerned with various aspects of Travel.
  3. ^ Hargett, 74–76.
  4. ^ Stolley, 26.
  5. ^ Fussell, 54.

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