- For the Russian theme park, see Transvaal Park. Transvaal Park was a popular Water park in Yasenevo, a south district of Moscow, Russia.
The Transvaal (lit. beyond the Vaal [pale river]) is the name of an area of northern South Africa. This is for the river for the extraterrestrial robot deity see The Apple (Star Trek The Vaal River is the largest tributary of the Orange The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Originally the bulk of the independent Boer South African Republic, after the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 it became the Transvaal Colony, and one of the founding provinces of the Union of South Africa from 1910 until 1994 with capital in Pretoria. Boer (ˈbuːr in Dutch ˈbʊɚ/ /boʊɚ or /ˈbɔr/ in English is the Dutch word for Farmer which came to denote the descendants of the proto Afrikaans This article is about the former country in Africa For the present-day country see South Africa; for the region where both are located see Southern Africa See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: South Africa is currently divided into nine provinces On the eve of the 1994 general election, South Africa's former homelands also known as Bantustans, were reintegrated } The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day state of the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. The province no longer exists, and its territory now forms the provinces of Gauteng, Limpopo and Mpumalanga and part of the North West Province. Gauteng (xaʊˈtɛŋ Sotho xɑ́útʼèŋ̀ is a province of South Africa. Limpopo (lɪmˈpoʊpoʊ is the northernmost province of South Africa. Mpumalanga, (umˈpuːməlɑŋɡə – name changed from Eastern Transvaal on 24 August 1995) is a province of South Africa North West is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mafikeng. While it no longer exists as an administrative unit, the Transvaal is still a commonly used geographical term and retains its historical meaning.
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History
- Main article: South African Republic
The Transvaal was colonised by Boer settlers who exited the British-dominated Cape Colony in the 1830s and 1840s in the Great Trek and established several republics outside British control - after the British occupation of the former Dutch colony in 1795 and again in 1806. This article is about the former country in Africa For the present-day country see South Africa; for the region where both are located see Southern Africa Boer (ˈbuːr in Dutch ˈbʊɚ/ /boʊɚ or /ˈbɔr/ in English is the Dutch word for Farmer which came to denote the descendants of the proto Afrikaans The Great Trek was an eastward and north-eastward migration during the 1830s and 1840s of the Boers ( Dutch / Afrikaans for "farmers" who The Great Trek came about due to discontent with autocratic British rule, lack of protection against raiding Xhosa bands, and Anglicisation of established Dutch traditions. Moving north-east, 'behind' the Nguni societies (Xhosa and Zulu), the voortrekkers first established the independent republic, Natalia, but were again occupied by the British in 1843. They moved on across the Orange river, and established Transoranje in 1845 (later Orange Free State) but were again occupied by the British. The Republic of the Orange Free State (Oranje-Vrystaat Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat) was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa Finally, they moved further north and established a number of smaller republics across the Vaal river, Transvaal, later to be united in the Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek - ZAR.
The trekkers took advantage of the vast empty areas left after the Zulu extermination wars and their repercussions, and easily overcame the native peoples. In the 1850s, the British came to an understanding with the Boer republics, granting independence to the South African Republic (ZAR) in what is now the Transvaal. This article is about the former country in Africa For the present-day country see South Africa; for the region where both are located see Southern Africa Britain annexed the ZAR again in 1877 as a convenient way of resolving the border dispute between the Boers and the Zulus. This also saved the Transvaal from financial ruin, as the government had completely run out of money. It regained its independence in 1881[1]. after the so-called First Boer War
Beginning in 1885, the discovery of a tremendous lode of gold in the Witwatersrand led to the immigration of many foreigners (uitlanders) to the Transvaal. See also Second Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The First Boer War ( Dutch: Eerste Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: In Geology a lode is the metalliferous Ore that fills a Fissure in a rock or a vein of ore deposited between layers of The Witwatersrand is a low sedimentary range of hills at an elevation of 1700-1800 metres above sea-level which runs in an east-west direction through Gauteng in Uitlander, Afrikaans for 'outlander' was the name given to foreign Migrant workers during the initial exploitation of the Witwatersrand gold fields in The economic development of the Transvaal soon became staggering, and it was only a matter of short time before Transvaal would overtake the (British controlled, but Boer dominated) Cape Colony and possibly throw the British Empire out of southern Africa. Furthermore, the longer this gold remained out of British control, the position of London as centre of the world's gold trade (in the days of the international Gold Standard) was threatened, and thereby also London's position as the world's financial centre and role as a listening station for Empire intelligence. Using Uitlander franchise as a pretext, Britain therefore planned a takeover of Transvaal, as a parallel to her takeover of the (former Orange Free State) immense diamond fields in Kimberley. The Jameson Raid was an attempted coup d'etat in 1895, and was financed by the (foreign) mine owners who were dissatisfied with the Boer's taxation and restriction on the business. The Jameson Raid ( December 29, 1895 - January 2, 1896) was a raid on Paul Kruger 's Transvaal Republic carried out by a The raid was an awakening for the Boers and led to massive armament, mainly from German suppliers.
Increasing fear of British designs on the region and the amassing of British forces on their borders) led the Boers to make a pre-emptive strike in 1899. The Second Boer War lasted until 1902 and Britain used 500 000 soldiers against approximately 64 000 Boers. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: Women and children of the Boers were put in concentration camps and approximately 26 000 died due to malnutrition and poor hygienic standards. This demoralising fact coupled with the use of torched earth strategy, and a blockade built through the entire country forced the Boer "Commandos" into submission. The war resulted in the incorporation of the Transvaal into the British Empire in 1902. The war also had immense effects on British politics both domestically, in Europe and the Empire, as it became evident that the Empire was more vulnerable than assumed. The Anglo-Boer war was in many senses a rehearsal for the greater events starting in 1914.
Eight years later, the Boer republics joined with the Cape Colony to form the Union of South Africa. } The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day state of the Republic of South Africa.
In 1961, the union ceased to be part of the Commonwealth of Nations and became the Republic of South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The PWV (Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging) area in the Transvaal became South Africa's economic powerhouse, a position it still holds today. Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. The Witwatersrand is a low sedimentary range of hills at an elevation of 1700-1800 metres above sea-level which runs in an east-west direction through Gauteng in Vereeniging is a city in Gauteng province, South Africa, with a population of more than 350000
In 1994, after the fall of apartheid, the former provinces and homelands were restructured, and a separate Transvaal province no longer exists. Parts of the old Transvaal now belong to the new Gauteng, North West, Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. Gauteng (xaʊˈtɛŋ Sotho xɑ́útʼèŋ̀ is a province of South Africa. North West is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mafikeng. Limpopo (lɪmˈpoʊpoʊ is the northernmost province of South Africa. Mpumalanga, (umˈpuːməlɑŋɡə – name changed from Eastern Transvaal on 24 August 1995) is a province of South Africa
The Transvaal is still used as a provincial division of the High Court of South Africa, as of 2006. The High Court of South Africa is a Court of Law in South Africa.
Even before 1994 the Transvaal province was split into regions for a number of reasons (sports for one), into Northern Transvaal (Pretoria, and Limpopo province now), Eastern Transvaal (Mpumalanga province now), Western Transvaal (Northwest province now) and Southern Transvaal (Gauteng province now, excluding Pretoria)
Geography
The Transvaal province lay between Vaal River in the south, and the Limpopo River in the north, roughly between 22 1/2 and 27 1/2 S, and 25 and 32 E. This is for the river for the extraterrestrial robot deity see The Apple (Star Trek The Vaal River is the largest tributary of the Orange The Limpopo River rises in central southern Africa, and flows generally eastwards to the Indian Ocean. To its south it bordered with the Orange Free State and Natal provinces, to its west were the Cape Province and the Bechuanaland Protectorate (later Botswana), to its north Rhodesia (later Zimbabwe), and to its east Portuguese East Africa (later Mozambique) and Swaziland. The Republic of the Orange Free State (Oranje-Vrystaat Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat) was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa Natal was a Province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994 with capital in Pietermaritzburg. The Cape of Good Hope Province (commonly referred to simply as the Cape Province) was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of The Bechuanaland Protectorate (BP was a protectorate established on March 31, 1885, by the United Kingdom in Southern Africa. The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana is a Landlocked nation in Southern Africa. Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election Mozambique was a string of Portuguese overseas colonies and later a Portuguese overseas province along the south-east African coast which now form the republic of Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa The Kingdom of Swaziland is a country located in Southern Africa centred at approximately 26o49'S 31o38'E Except on the south-west, these borders were mostly well defined natural features.
Several Bantustans were entirely inside the Transvaal: Venda, KwaNdebele, Gazankulu, KaNgwane and Lebowa. A bantustan or more commonly black african homeland or simply homeland, was territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South-West Venda was a Bantustan in northern South Africa, now part of Limpopo province KwaNdebele was a Bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government as a semi-independent homeland for the Matabele people Gazankulu was a Bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government to be a semi-independent homeland for the Tsonga (Shangaan people. KaNgwane was a Bantustan in South Africa, intended by the Apartheid government to be a semi-independent homeland for the Swazi people Lebowa was a Bantustan located in the Transvaal in north eastern South Africa. Parts of Bophuthatswana were also in the Transvaal, with other parts in Cape Province and Orange Free State. Bophuthatswana (meaning gathering of the Tswana people) was a Bantustan ("homeland" in the northwest of South Africa. The Cape of Good Hope Province (commonly referred to simply as the Cape Province) was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of The Republic of the Orange Free State (Oranje-Vrystaat Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat) was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa
Within the Transvaal lies the Waterberg Massif, a prominent ancient geological feature of the South African landscape. The Waterberg Biosphere is a Massif of approximately 15000 square kilometers in north Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Divisions:
Cities in the Transvaal:
See also
- Flag of Transvaal
- History of South Africa
- Transvaal map[1]
![[1]](http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Transvaal_map.png){kind=link}
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Zoutpansberg was the north-eastern division of the Transvaal, South Africa. Heidelberg is a South African town situated at the foot of the Suikerbosrand (Sugarbush Ridge next to the N3 highway, which connects Johannesburg Johannesburg ( Pronounced /jō-hān'ĭs-bûrg'/ is the largest city in South Africa. Musina (as previously called Messina) is the northernmost city in the Limpopo province of South Africa near the Limpopo River border to Nelspruit is a City of 221474 people ( 2000) situated in northeastern South Africa. Pietersburg is a City, Municipality and the capital of the Limpopo province in South Africa. Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. Vereeniging is a city in Gauteng province, South Africa, with a population of more than 350000 The Flag of Transvaal is the flag of the former Transvaal province of South Africa. Ancient history The Bushmen See also Ancient History of South Africa Some three million years ago Ape -human-like Hominids The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
External links
Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journalsDictionary
Transvaal
-proper noun
- Geographical region in South Africa between the Vaal and Limpopo rivers. Was a province until 1994.
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