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Traditional means
Walking
In ancient times, people often covered long distances on foot. For instance, Adi Sankaracharya traveled all over India. Adi Shankara ( Malayalam: ആദി ശങ്കരന് Devanāgarī: आदि शङ्कर Ādi Śaṅkara, aːd̪i ɕaŋkərə (see below Even today it is not uncommon for people in rural areas to commute several kilometers every day.
Bullock carts have been traditionally used for transport, especially in rural India. They can still be seen in many of the cities and villages. In the recent years some of the cities have banned the movement of bullock carts and other slow moving vehicles on the main roads during daytime.
Palanquin
Palanquins or "palkee" was one of the luxurious methods used by the rich and nobles for travelling purposes. The litter is a class of Wheelless Vehicles a type of Human-powered transport, for the transport of persons This was primarily used in the olden days to carry the deity or idol of the god (many temples have sculptures of god being carried in a palki) later on during 15th century we have references that the nobles were also using it for transportation. Girls and ladies from rich families were ferried in palkee and were escorted by males riding on horses.
The word "Palkee" came from the word 'Palanki'. The Portuguese called it "Palan Queem" and the Britishers "Palan Queen". Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. In Sanskrit it is called as "palkee". In Tamil it is called as "Pallakku". During the fifteenth century (during the rein of Mughal period) many Muslim families used it. Gradually many landlords and people with royalty also started using it. Modern use of the palanquin is limited to being an ostentatious method for the bride to make her entrance at some Indian weddings.
Horse carriages
The advent of the British saw drastic improvements in the horse carriages which were used for transport since early days. To today they are used in smaller towns and are referred as "Tonga", and buggies (Victories of Bombay) are still used for tourist purposes around india. The horse carriages are now rarely found in india.
Cycle rickshaw
From the early part of the century the bicycle rickshaws also became popular and are still used in rural India. Rickshaws (or rickshas) are a mode of Human-powered transport: a runner draws a two-wheeled Cart which seats one or two persons They are bigger than a tricycle where two people can sit on an elevated seat at the back and a person will pedal (driver) from the front. In urban areas they have been mostly superseded by auto rickshaws. An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief
Bicycles
Bicycles are an important mode of travel for much of India. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind A significant prejudice against bicycle riding for transportation exists in some segments of the population, generally stemming from the status symbol aspect of the motor vehicle.
In India, the word "bike" generally means motorbike, and "cycle" means bicycle.
Manually pulled rickshaw
This type of transport was prevalent until 2005 in Kolkata wherein a person pulls the rickshaw. The Government of West Bengal banned these rickshaw in 2005 describing them "inhuman". While this was lauded in general, questions about alternative means of livelihood of those who directly or indirectly depend on hand pulled rickshaws were not immediately addressed. Manually pulled rickshaws are still a common sight on the streets of Kolkata.
Trams
The advent of the British saw trams being introduced in many cities including Mumbai and Calcutta. In India currently only Kolkata (Calcutta has a Tram service Other cities to have had trams in the past Mumbai (Bombay A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train They are still in use in Calcutta and provide a pollution-free means of transportation. The nationalised Calcutta Tram Company has introduced buses on certain routes in order to generate more revenue and reduce losses. XD
Local transport
Local transportation is predominantly by road, with a small fraction (depending on the city) by trains. Most Indian cities are connected to surrounding towns by buses or trains. The vast national rail network also enables farmers to transport their farm and agriculture produce to larger towns, where they get better prices.
The roads in most cities are poorly maintained and full of potholes, while in villages they are frequently non-existent. Traffic generally moves slowly and erratically, and traffic jams and accidents are very common. A Reader's Digest study of traffic congestion in Asian cities ranked several Indian cities within the Top Ten for worst traffic. Reader's Digest is a monthly general-interest family Magazine co-founded in 1922 by Lila Bell Wallace and DeWitt Wallace. On the contrary, newly developed highways and expressways are among the best in subcontinent.
Buses
The use of buses is very popular for all classes of society. They are a cheap and easy mode of transport. Mode of transport (or means of transport or transport mode or transport modality or form of transport) is a general term for the different The government is encouraging the people to use the bus since it reduces the number of vehicles on the road thus reducing traffic jams.
Vans
Vans or minibuses are a more prevalent form of transportation especially in remote areas and common route with consistent yet small transportation needs. "Microbus" redirects here For the Volkswagen Microbus see Volkswagen Type 2. Not to mention their presence in other cities, where they are often a traffic menace. it is need to be civilized
Auto Rickshaws
An auto rickshaw (auto or rickshaw or tempo in popular parlance) is a three wheeler vehicle for hire. See also Taxicab A vehicle for hire is a Vehicle providing Shared transportation which transports one or more passengers between locations They typically have no doors or seatbelts. They are generally yellow or green in colour and have a black or green canopy on the top. An auto rickshaw is generally characterized by a tin/iron body resting on three small wheels (one in front, two on the rear), a small cabin for the driver in the front and seating for three in the rear. Their design varies considerably from place to place. In some locations, they have an extra plank on the seat to accommodate a fourth passenger. Hiring an auto often involves bargaining with the driver.
In some cities like New Delhi, there are larger autos called fat-fat, which is an onomatopoeic derivation of the phut-phut crackle of their exhausts. These run on fixed routes on fixed fares and are very fuel efficient. Only six passengers are allowed legally but they usually take as many as ten adults. These autos are the new incarnation of old fat-fats, which were Harley-Davidson and similar powerful motorcycles modified by removing the rear wheel and bolting a two-wheeled platform with bench seats onto the rear. Harley-Davidson Motor Company ( formerly HDI is an American manufacturer of Motorcycles based in Milwaukee Wisconsin. These types of transport no longer exist in Delhi. In some regions they are called two-wheelers
Two-wheelers
Motorised two-wheelers like scooters, small capacity motorcycles and mopeds are very popular as a mode of transport due to their fuel efficiency and ease of use in congested traffic. The number of two-wheelers sold is several times that of cars.
Hero Honda, Bajaj Auto and TVS Motors are the largest two-wheeler companies in terms of market-share while models from Honda,Yamaha,Suzuki and Kinetic also sell in decent numbers. Hero Honda Motors Limited, based in Delhi, India, is the world's largest manufacturer of Motorcycles sup>1 Bajaj Auto is a major Indian Automobile manufacturer It is India's largest and the world's 4th largest two- and three-wheeler maker TV Sundram Iyengar and Sons Limited ( TVSs) is the holding company for the TVS Group of companies engaged in the manufacturing of almost all kinds of automotive components Royal Enfield is an iconic brand name in the country and elsewhere. See also Royal Enfield Motors Royal Enfield was the brand of the Enfield Cycle Company an English Engineering company. It manufactures different variants of the Bullet motorcycle which is regarded as a classic motorcycle that is still in production.
Motorcycles and scooters can be rented in many cities. Wearing protective headgear(helmets) is mandatory for both the rider and the pillion-rider in most cities but riding a two-wheeler on Indian roads can be an extremely daunting and dangerous task for most Western tourists.
Automobiles
In 2006-2007, more than 350,000 new vehicles were bought in Delhi alone, totalling 5,139,549 on March 2007. Compact cars,especially hatchbacks predominate due to affordability,fuel efficiency,congestion and lack of parking space in most cities. A compact (North America small family (European or c-segment car is a classification of cars which are larger than a supermini Hatchback is a term designating an Automobile design containing a passenger cabin with an integrated Cargo space accessed from behind the vehicle by a single Maruti, Hyundai and Tata Motors are the most popular brands in the order of their market share. Maruti Suzuki India Limited ( Hindi: मारुति सुज़ूकी इंडिया लिमिटेड is a publicly listed Automaker in The Hyundai Motor Company, a division of the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, is South Korea ’s largest and the world’s fifth largest automaker in terms of units Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai The clunky Ambassador once had a monopoly but is now an icon of pre-liberalisation India, and is still used by taxi companies. The Hindustan Ambassador is a car manufactured by Hindustan Motors of India. Economic history of India, in the sense of the meaning of the term economic in its current sense is at least 5000 years old Maruti 800 launched in 1984 created the first revolution in the Indian auto sector because of its low pricing. Maruti 800 is a City car manufactured by Maruti Udyog in India. It had the highest market share until 2004, when it was overtaken by other low cost models from Maruti like the Alto and the Wagon R,the Indica from Tata Motors and the Santro from Hyundai. Over the 20 year period since its introduction, about 2. 4 million units of the Maruti 800 have been sold.
Utility vehicles
The first utility vehicle in India was manufactured by Mahindra and Mahindra. Utility vehicle is used to describe a Vehicle, generally Motorized, that is designed for a specific task It was a copy of the original Jeep manufactured under licence. Jeep is an Automobile Marque (and registered trademark of Chrysler. The vehicle was an instant hit and made Mahindra one of the top companies in India. The Indian Army and police extensively used Mahindra vehicles for transporting personnel and equipment. The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based
Tata Motors, the automobile manufacturing arm of the Tata Group, launched its first utility vehicle, the Tata Sumo in the mid-1990s. Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai The Tata Group ( Hindi: टाटा समूह is a multinational conglomerate based in Mumbai, India. Tata Sumo is a Multi-utility vehicle produced by India 's Tata Motors. Till then the appeal of such vehicles had been restricted to the rural areas. The Sumo (owing to its then-modern design) was the first utility vehicle which captured a share of the urban market from cars. Many people used them as avenues of employment and till today they are lent on hire for personal purposes. However, research from HireCarsIndia. com indicates that Toyota's Qualis and Innova are by far the most popular hired vehicles amongst tour operators and foreign visitors. (pronounced) is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and is currently the world's largest Automaker. The Toyota Kijang is a pick-up or minibus sold in Indonesia and Brunei, made by Toyota. The Toyota Innova is an Indonesian designed MPV ie being less than in length as per the European system of size classification produced in Indonesia under The Tempo trax from Force Motors till recently was ruling the rural areas. Force Motors Ltd founded in 1958 as Bajaj Tempo Ltd is a manufacturer of Three wheelers multi-utility and cross country vehicles light commercial vehicles
Sports utility vehicles now form a sizeable part of the passenger vehicle market. A sport utility vehicle ( SUV) is a generic marketing description for a rugged automotive vehicle similar to a Station wagon but built on a light-truck chassis Models from Tata,Honda,Hyundai,Ford and other brands are available. Mahindra and Mahindra's Scorpio is the market leader in the segment as of 2007. The Mahindra Scorpio (sold in some European countries as the Goa) is a Sport utility vehicle manufactured by Mahindra and Mahindra Limited
Metro
Mass rapid transit systems are operational in Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Delhi. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The Kolkata Metro or Calcutta Metro ( Bengali: কলকাতা মেট্রো Kolkata Meṭro) is the underground rail network in Kolkata See also Chennai MRTS, a first generation metro system in Chennai The Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System ( MRTS) or Delhi Metro (दिल्ली मेट्रो is a Rapid transit system in the Indian National The first rapid transit system in India, Mumbai Railway, was established in Mumbai in 1867. The Mumbai Suburban Railway ( Marathi: मुंबई उपनगरीय रेल् system part of the public transportation system of Mumbai, is The Mumbai Suburban Railway commutes 6. The Mumbai Suburban Railway ( Marathi: मुंबई उपनगरीय रेल् system part of the public transportation system of Mumbai, is 1 million passengers everyday and boasts to have the highest passenger density in the world. Rapid transit systems are under construction in Hyderabad and Bangalore. The Hyderabad Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS also known as the Hyderabad Metro ( Telugu: హైదరాబాద్ మెట్రో is one of the several Namma Metro (Our metro / The Bangalore Metro ( Kannada:ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಮೆಟ್ರೊ is the proposed Mass-transit rail system for the To decongest Mumbai's growing traffic, another metro system is under construction. The Mumbai Metro is the planned mass Rapid transit and Light rail system in Mumbai, India. Presently three metro lines are operational in Delhi and more are under construction. Rapid transit systems are proposed in NOIDA, Goa, Thane, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh, Amritsar, Ludhiana and Kochi. Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thane ( Marathi / Konkani: ठाणे (formerly Thana) is a city in Maharashtra Pune (ˈpuːneɪ Marathi: पुणे Hindi: पूना formerly Poona, is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra Ahmedabad (અમદાવાદ Amdāvād, Hindi: अहमदाबाद) is the largest city in Chandigarh ( ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ, चंडीगढ़) also called The City Beautiful Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Ludhiana (ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ | लुधियाना is a city and a Municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of
Safety and Accidents
At least 39 people died, most of them schoolchildren, on April 16, 2008, when a bus plunged into a canal near Vadodara city in Gujarat state. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. [1]
Long distance transport
Railways
India's rail network is the longest of any country. This article is about the technical workings and operations of railways in India which are run by the Indian Railways. Indian Railways (भारतीय रेल Bhāratīya Rail) abbreviated as IR (hi भारे is a Department of the Government of India under the Ministry Trains run at an average of around 50-60 km/h, which means that it can take more than two days to get from one corner of the country to another. Rail operations throughout the country are run by the state-owned company, Indian Railways. The rail network traverses through the length and breadth of the country, covering a total length of around 63,000 km (39,000 miles). Out of this a total 16,693 km of track has been electrified till now and 12,617 km have double tracks.
Indian Railways uses three type of gauges : Broad Gauge, Metre Gauge and Narrow Gauge. Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways Broad gauge at 1. 676 m is one of the widest gauge used anywhere in the world. Indian Railways is in the process of converting all the metre gauge (14,406 km) into broad gauge. Narrow gauge (3,106 km of track) with a width of 2 ft (610 mm) to 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) is restricted to very few places.
Railway links with adjacent countries
- Bangladesh - Operational (Maitree Express)
- Nepal - up to border town
- Pakistan - Operational (Attari-Wagha)
- China - non existent
- Myanmar - non existent - see Dateline
- Bhutan - proposed
- Sri Lanka - ferry. Railways See also Bangladesh Railway Railway acts as an important method of mass transport in Bangladesh. Railways total 59 km between Janakpur and Jainagar, close to Indian border narrow gauge: 59 km 0 Transportation in Pakistan is extensive and varied but still in its developing stages and serving a population of over 160 million people This details Transportation in Burma. Railways total Feb 2008 narrow gauge 1 History Until 1961 because of the lack of paved roads travel in Bhutan was by foot or on muleback or horseback Transportation in Sri Lanka is based mainly on the road network which is centred on Sri Lanka 's capital Colombo. See also Merchant ship A train ferry is a Ship designed to carry railway vehicles Formerly up to India's closest point to Sri Lanka.
2007
- May 17 - The missing link in India is from Jiribam (in Manipur) to Tamu, Myanmar in Myanmar. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jiribam is a city and a Municipal council in Imphal East district in the Indian Tamu is a Town in Sagaing Division in northwest Burma near the border with the eastern Indian Province of Manipur. The construction of this missing link, as per the
feasibility study conducted by the Ministry of External Affairs through RITES Ltd, is estimated to cost Rs 2,941 crore. A crore is a unit in the Indian numbering system and was formerly a unit in the Persian numbering system still widely used in Bangladesh, India, Maldives
- According to the Economist, a railway line is to be built through Imphal to Moreh near the Myanmar border. An economist is an expert in the Social science of Economics. Imphal is the capital of the Indian state of Manipur. In the heart of the town and surrounded by a moat are ruins of the old Palace of Kangla WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Moreh is a town in Chandel District in the Indian state of Manipur. This details Transportation in Burma. Railways total Feb 2008 narrow gauge 1
Buses
Next only to railways, the most preferred long distance transport option for the public are the buses. Most of the state road transport corportations have buses which connect major cities and towns.
There are private bus operators who run regular schedule of buses for connections between major cities and towns. Most long distance buses are scheduled during the night. Long distance travel in buses is quite common for distances up to 500 km. In some cases there are connections for distances like 1000 km (eg. Bangalore to Mumbai), with a travel time of 24 hours. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial With the advent of better buses (eg. Volvo's popular Volvo B7R) and better highways, road transport has become a fast and comfortable option for travellers. This article is about Volvo Group - AB Volvo Volvo Cars is the passenger vehicle maker owned by Ford Motor Company, using the Volvo Trademark The Volvo B7R is a coach chassis available with a range of bodies
Highways
India has a network of National Highways connecting all the major cities and state capitals. The Mumbai Pune Expressway ( Marathi: मुंबई-पुणे द्रुतगती महामार्ग is India's first six-lane concrete high-speed access India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country As of 2005, India has a total of 65,569 km of highways, of which 4,885 km are classified as expressways. An expressway is a Divided highway for high-speed traffic with at least partial Control of access. Most highways are 2 laned, while in some better developed areas they may broaden to 4 lanes. Close to big cities, highways can even be 8 laned.
All the highways are metalled. In most developed states the roads are smooth, however in less developed states and in sparsely populated areas, highways are riddled with potholes. Very few of India's highways are constructed of concrete, the most notable being the Mumbai-Pune Expressway.
Highways form the economic backbone of the country. Highways have facilitated development along the route and many towns have sprung up along major highways.
In recent years construction has commenced on a nationwide system of multi-lane highways, including the Golden Quadrilateral expressways which link the largest cities in India. The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ is the largest Express highway project in India launched by former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
A bus service Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir) - Muzaffarabad (Pakistan controlled Kashmir, part of what India calls PoK), with one bus service every two weeks, at the same time in both directions, opened on 7 April 2005. Srinagar ( Dogri: श्रीनगर Urdu: سرینگر Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر श्रीनगर is the capital of the disputed state ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. Muzaffarabad is the capital of the Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Length: total - 3,319,644 km; paved - 1,517,077 km; unpaved - 1,802,567 km (1999 est. )
Waterways
India has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways A stream is a body of Water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks The total navigable length is 14,500 km, out of which about 5200 km of river and 4000 km of canals can be used by mechanised crafts. Freight transportation by waterways is highly underutilised in India compared to other large countries like USA, China and European Union. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The total cargo moved (in tonne kilometers) by the inland waterway was just 0. 1% of the total inland traffic in India, compared to the 21% figure for USA. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Cargo transportation in an organised manner is confined to a few waterways in Goa, West Bengal, Assam and Kerala. Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the statutory authority in charge of the waterways in India. It does the function of building the necessary infrastructure in these waterways, surveying the economic feasibility of new projects and also administration and regulation. The following waterways have been declared as National Waterways till now.
- National Waterway 1 - Allahabad Haldia stretch of the Ganga Bhagirathi Hooghly river system (1620 km) in October 1986. Allahabad ( Hindi: इलाहाबाद Urdu: الہ آباد Ilāhābād) is a city in the north Indian state of Uttar For the village in Bangladesh see Haldia Bangladesh. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Haldia is a city and The Ganges (ˈgænʤiːz also Ganga, Devanāgarī: hi गंगा in most Indian languages) is the major river in the Indian subcontinent This article is about the tributary of the GangesFor the distributary in West Bengal see Bhāgirathi-Hooghly.
- National Waterway 2 - Saidiya Dhubri stretch of the Brahmaputra river system (891 km) in September 1988. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dhubri ( ধুবুৰী in Assamese) is the headquarter of Dhubri district, Assam The Brahmaputra, also called Tsangpo-Brahmaputra is a Trans-boundary river and one of the major Rivers of Asia.
- National Waterway 3 - Kollam Kottapuram stretch of West Coast Canal (168 km) along with Champakara canal (14 km) and Udyogmandal canal (23 km) in February 1993. Kollam ( Malayalam:കൊല്ലം) (known to the Portuguese as Quilon, pronounced koy-lon) is a city and a Municipal corporation
Pipelines
- Length of pipelines for crude oil is 3,005 km. Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a pipe.
- Length of Petroleum products pipeline is 268 km. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit
- Length of Natural gas pipelines is 1,700 km. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane,
The above information was calculated in 1995.
Ports and harbours
The ports are the main gateway of trade. India has a long Coastline spanning 7600 kilometres forming one of the biggest Peninsulas in the world See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and The Gateway of India (भारताचे प्रवेशद्वार is a Monument in Mumbai, India. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo In India about 95% of the trade by quantity and 77% by value take place through the ports. Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. There are 12 major ports and about 180 minor and intermediate ports in India. The total amount of traffic handled at the major port in 2003-2004 was 345 Mt and the minor ports together handled about 115 Mt. This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton.
The major ports are Kolkata, Haldia, Paradip, Visakhapatanam, Ennore, Chennai, Tuticorin, Kochi, New Mangalore, Mormugao,JNPT, Mumbai and Kandla. For the village in Bangladesh see Haldia Bangladesh. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Haldia is a city and WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Paradip is a town a Seaport and a notified area committee in Jagatsinghapur District in the Ennore Port, located about 24 km north of Chennai Port, Chennai, India is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in Chennai Port is the second largest port of India, behind the Mumbai Port. Thoothukudi (தூத்துக்குடி New Mangalore Port ( Kannada:ನವ ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಬಂದರು known by the name of New Mangalore Port Trust ( NMPT) is the only major port of Karnataka Jawaharlal Nehru Port (also known as Nhava Sheva) is a Port in Maharashtra, India that borders the Arabian Sea. Mumbai Harbour (aka Front Bay) is the southern portion of the Ulhas River Estuary, the northern (and narrower part of which is called Thane Creek WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kandla is a seaport in Kutch District of Gujarat state in western India. The distinction between major and minor ports is not based on the amount of cargo handled. The major ports are managed by port trusts which are regulated by the central government. They come under the purview of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963. The minor ports are regulated by the respective state governments and many of these ports are private ports or captive ports.
Merchant Marine
There are 321 ships (with capacity of 1,000 gross register tons (GRT) or over) totaling 6,647,268 GRT/11,074,025 metric tons of deadweight (DWT). A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size Gross Register Tonnage (abbreviated variously as GRT, grt, gr Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight and variously abbreviated as DWT, D
Air travel
India's booming economy has created a large middle-class population in India. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Five years back, air travel was a dream for the majority of the Indian population. Aviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices ( Aircraft) including the people organizations and regulatory bodies involved with them But rapid economic growth has made air travel more and more affordable in India. Air India, India's flag carrier, presently operates a fleet 135 aircraft and plays a major role in connecting India with the rest of the world. Air India Limited ( एअर इंडिया) is the national Airline of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services Several other foreign airlines connect Indian cities with other major cities across the globe. An airline provides air transport services for Passengers or Freight, generally with a recognized operating certificate or license
Air Deccan, Jet Airways, Kingfisher Airlines, IndiGo Airlines and Air India (formerly Indian Airlines, before merging with Air India ) are the most popular brands in domestic air travel in order of their market share. Jet Airways is an Airline based in Mumbai, India. It is the country's second-largest international airline after Air India and the largest Kingfisher Airlines is an Airline based in Bangalore, India. It operates 218 flights a day and has a network of 38 destinations with regional and Indigo Airlines is generally regarded as the world's first Business jet Airline. Air India Limited ( एअर इंडिया) is the national Airline of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services Indian Airlines or Indian ( Hindi: इंडियन एयरलाइंस or इंडियन was an airline based in Delhi India and focused primarily Air India Limited ( एअर इंडिया) is the national Airline of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services Of these, Jet, Indian and Sahara also operate overseas routes after the liberalisation of Indian Aviation. These airlines connect more than 80 cities across India. However, a large section of country's air transport system remains untapped, even though the Mumbai-Delhi air corridor was ranked 6th by the Official Airline Guide in 2007 among the world's busiest routes. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population [2]
India's vast unutilized air transport network has attracted several investments in the Indian air industry in the past few years. More than half a dozen low-cost carriers entered the Indian market in 2004-05. Major new entrants include Air Deccan, Kingfisher Airlines, SpiceJet, GoAir, Paramount Airways and IndiGo Airlines. Kingfisher Airlines is an Airline based in Bangalore, India. It operates 218 flights a day and has a network of 38 destinations with regional and SpiceJet is a Low-cost airline based in New Delhi, India. It began service in May 2005 and by 2008 it was India's second-largest low-cost Not to be confused with go!, the Hawaiian airline GoAir is a low-cost airline based in Mumbai, India. Paramount Airways is an Airline based in Madurai, India. It operates scheduled services mainly targeting business travellers Indigo Airlines is generally regarded as the world's first Business jet Airline. To meet India's rapidly increasing demand for air travel, Air India recently placed orders for more than 68 jets from Boeing for 7. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E 5 billion USD while Indian placed orders for 43 jets from Airbus for 2. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Indian Airlines or Indian ( Hindi: इंडियन एयरलाइंस or इंडियन was an airline based in Delhi India and focused primarily Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing 5 billion USD. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Jet Airways, India's largest private carrier, has invested billions of dollars to increase its fleet. This trend is not restricted to traditional air carriers in India. IndiGo Airlines came into the news with a bang when it announced orders for 100 Airbus A320s worth 6 billion USD during the Paris Air Show; the highest by any Asian domestic carrier. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The Paris Air Show ( Salon International de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace Paris-Le Bourget) is an international trade fair for the aerospace business Kingfisher Airline became the first Indian air carrier in June 15, 2005 to order Airbus A380 aircraft. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The total deal with Airbus was worth 3 billion USD. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been
Airports
More than 20 international airports are located within the Republic of India. These include:
- Cochin International Airport Limited, Kochi
- Calicut International Airport, Calicut
- Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai
- Chennai International Airport, Chennai
- Coimbatore Airport, Coimbatore
- HAL Airport, Bangalore
- Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata
- Raja Sansi International Airport, Amritsar
- Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport, Nagpur
- Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, Ahmedabad
- Tiruchirapalli Airport, Trichy
- Trivandrum International Airport, Trivandrum
- Amausi Airport,Lucknow
- Mangalore International Airport, Mangalore
- Madurai Airport, Madurai
The Indira Gandhi International Airport and the Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport handle more than half of the air traffic in South Asia. Cochin International Airport, also known as Kochi International Airport or Nedumbassery Airport, is located at Nedumbassery, near Kochi Calicut International Airport, also known as Karipur Airport, is located at Karipur in the Malappuram district near Kozhikode (Calicut WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the district with the same name see Kozhikode District. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport ( Marathi:छ्त्रपती शिवाजी अंतरराष्ट्रीय विमानतळ, formerly Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Chennai International Airport ( சென்னை பன்னாட்டு விமான நிலையம்) is located in Meenambakkam, south of Coimbatore Airport is an airport serving Coimbatore located in Peelamedu, which operates few international flights Coimbatore (கோயம்புத்தூர் also known as Kovai (கோவை is a major industrial city in India and the second largest city in the HAL Bangalore International Airport, also known as HAL Airport or Hindustan Airport, is the Airport of the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Indira Gandhi International Airport ( Hindi: इंदिरा गांधी अंतरराष्ट्रीय हवाई अड्डा is an Airport Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport is an Airport located in Dum Dum, near Kolkata, West Bengal, India Raja Sansi International Airport, also known as Guru Ram Das International Airport, after Guru Ram Das the founder of Amritsar as well as Amritsar International Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport, also known as Sonegaon Airport, is a public domestic and international Airport serving the city of Nagpur Nāgpur ( Marathi: नागपुर is the largest city in central India (2001 Census and the second capital of the state of Maharashtra. Hyderabad International Airport (హైదరాబాదు అంతర్జాతీయ విమానాశ్రయము) also known as Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport is India 's seventh busiest airport with an average of 150 aircraft movements a day Ahmedabad (અમદાવાદ Amdāvād, Hindi: अहमदाबाद) is the largest city in Tiruchirapalli Airport or Trichy Airport is a major airport mostly serving Tiruchirapalli and adjacent districts in the state of Tamil Nadu WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tiruchirappalli ( Tamil: தி௫ச்சிராப்பள்ளி also spelled Tiruchirapalli Trivandrum International Airport is the first international Airport of Kerala, India. Thiruvananthapuram ( Malayalam: തിരുവനന്തപുരം Tiruvanantapuraṁ) also known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Amausi International Airport, also known as Lucknow International Airport, is situated near Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Lucknow is also a mansion in New Hampshire Lucknow ( लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh Mangalore International Airport (formerly Bajpe Airport) is a domestic and International airport serving the coastal city of Mangalore, India Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ Madurai Airport is a public airport serving Madurai, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Madurai Besides these airports several other domestic airports are located in India.
In total, there are more than 334 (2002 est. ) civilian airports in India - 238 with paved runways and 108 with unpaved runways.
Airports - with paved runways (2007 est. )
10,000 ft (3,047 m) or more: 18
8,000 to 9,999 ft (2,438 to 3,047 m): 52
5,000 to 7,999 ft (1,524 to 2,437 m): 75
3,000 to 4,999 ft (914 to 1,523 m): 84
Under 3,000 ft (914 m): 21
Total: 250
Airports - with unpaved runways (2007 est. )
10,000 ft (3,047 m) or more: 1
8,000 to 9,999 ft (2,438 to 3,047 m): 1
5,000 to 7,999 ft (1,524 to 2,437 m): 7
3,000 to 4,999 ft (914 to 1,523 m): 40
Under 3,000 ft (914 m): 47
Total: 96
Heliports (2007 est. )
30
See also
- Indian Railways
- Ports in India
- National Highways
- National Highways Development Project
- Indian licence plates
- Grand Trunk Road
- Transport in Himachal Pradesh
- Transport in Delhi
- Fastest trains in India
Lists
- List of National Highways in India
- List of airports in India
- List of commercial airlines in India
- Low cost airlines in India
- List of railway stations in India
References
External links
- India Transportation
- Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
- Mile by Mile, India Paves a Smoother Road to Its Future, New York Times, December 4, 2005. Indian Railways (भारतीय रेल Bhāratīya Rail) abbreviated as IR (hi भारे is a Department of the Government of India under the Ministry India has a long Coastline spanning 7600 kilometres forming one of the biggest Peninsulas in the world The National Highways Development Project is a project to upgrade rehabilitate and widen major highways in India to a higher standard KA-19-P-8488jpg|thumb|270px|Close up of a licence plate used in Mangalore, Karnataka. The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road is one of South Asia 's oldest and longest major roads The development of tribal areas in Himachal Pradesh is one of the major steps taken by the state government for its economic development Delhi, the national capital of India has significant reliance on its transport infrastructure This is a list of India 's fastest long-distance trains by commercial speed (i The list of National Highways in India gives a region wide listing of the Indian Highways, a class of roads maintained by the National Highways Authority of India This is a list of Airports in India, grouped by state or Union Territory and sorted by location As of October 30, 2007 the total fleet size of commercial airlines in India is 439 The following is a list of Low cost carriers organized by home country *be aware that some may be run by the larger airlines which may not be terribly conducive to ongoing competition! This article contains a list of Railway stations in India. This list contains 3467 station names and codes
- India's Transport Sector: The Challenges Ahead, World Bank, 2002
This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U. The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the S. government publication, is in the public domain. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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