In telecommunication, the term transponder (short-for Transmitter-responder and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR, XPNDR, TPDR or TP) has the following meanings:

• An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency (see also broadcast translator). Highway 407, officially called the 407 Express Toll Route (ETR, is a Tollway located in the Greater Toronto Area, southern Ontario, Canada An information appliance ( IA) is an Appliance specializing in information a personal device designed to perform a specific activity such as playing music photography This article is about a radio receiver for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. Generally an amplifier or simply amp, is any device that changes usually increases the amplitude of a signal. In Telecommunications transmission is the process of sending propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or In Telecommunication, signalling (UK spelling or signaling (US spelling has the following meanings The use of signals for controlling communications Frequency is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit Time.
• An automatic device that transmits a predetermined message in response to a predefined received signal. A message in its most general meaning is an object of Communication.
• A receiver-transmitter that will generate a reply signal upon proper electronic interrogation. A transceiver is a device that has both a Transmitter and a receiver which are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Interrogation or questioning is Interviewing as commonly employed by officers of the Police and Military.

Contents 1 Satellite communications 2 Aviation 3 Marine 4 Road 5 Motorsport 6 Underwater 7 Gated communities 8 See also

Satellite communications

For more details on this topic, see Transponder (Satellite communications). A Communications satellite ’s channels are called transponders because each is a separate Transceiver or Repeater.

A communications satellite’s channels are called transponders, because each is a separate transceiver or repeater. A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial Satellite stationed in space for the purposes of Telecommunications. Channel, in communications (sometimes called communications channel) refers to the medium used to convey Information from a A transceiver is a device that has both a Transmitter and a receiver which are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and Retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power or onto the other side of an obstruction With digital video data compression and multiplexing, several video and audio channels may travel through a single transponder on a single wideband carrier. Digital video is a type of Video recording system that works by using a Digital rather than an analog video signal For multiplexing in electronics and signal processing see Multiplexer. Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images In communications, wideband is a relative term used to describe a wide range of frequencies in a Spectrum. In Telecommunications, a carrier wave, or carrier is a Waveform (usually Sinusoidal) that is modulated (modified with an input signal Original analog video only has one channel per transponder, with subcarriers for audio and automatic transmission identification service ATIS. An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable of the signal is a representation of some other A subcarrier is a separate analog or Digital signal carried on a main radio transmission, which carries extra information such as Voice Non-multiplexed radio stations can also travel in single channel per carrier (SCPC) mode, with multiple carriers (analog or digital) per transponder. This article is about radio broadcasting for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. Single channel per carrier ( SCPC) refers to using a single signal at a given Frequency and bandwidth. This allows each station to transmit directly to the satellite, rather than paying for a whole transponder, or using landlines to send it to an earth station for multiplexing with other stations. A landline, main line or fixed-line is a Telephone line which travels through a solid medium either metal Wire or Optical fibre An earth station or ground station is the surface-based (terrestrial end of a Communications link to an object in Outer space.

Aviation

For more details on this topic, see Transponder (aviation). A transponder is an electronic device that produces a response when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation

Another type of transponder occurs in identification friend or foe systems in military aviation and in air traffic control secondary surveillance radar (beacon radar) systems for general aviation and commercial aviation. In Telecommunications, identification friend or foe (IFF is a Cryptographic identification System designed for command and control Air traffic control ( ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct Aircraft on the ground and in the air Secondary Surveillance Radar ( SSR) is a Radar system used in Air traffic control (ATC which not only detects and measures the position of aircraft General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation. Commercial aviation is the part of Civil aviation (both General aviation and scheduled airline service) that involves operating aircraft for hire Primary radar works best with large all-metal aircraft, but not so well on small, composite aircraft. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships Its range is also limited by terrain and rain or snow and also detects unwanted objects such as automobiles, hills and trees. Furthermore it cannot estimate the altitude of an aircraft. Secondary radar overcomes these limitations but it depends on a transponder in the aircraft to respond to interrogations from the ground station to make the plane more visible. Secondary Surveillance Radar ( SSR) is a Radar system used in Air traffic control (ATC which not only detects and measures the position of aircraft

Depending on the type of interrogation, the transponder sends back a transponder code (or "squawk code") (Mode A) or altitude information (Mode C) to help air traffic controllers to identify the aircraft and to maintain separation. A transponder is an electronic device that produces a response when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation Another mode called Mode S (Mode Select) is designed to help air traffic control in busy areas and allow automatic collision avoidance. Mode S transponders are 'backwards compatible' with Modes A & C. Mode S is mandatory in controlled airspace in many countries. Some countries have also required, or are moving towards requiring, that all aircraft be equipped with Mode S, even in uncontrolled airspace. However in the field of general aviation, there have been objections to these moves, because of the cost, size, limited benefit to the users in uncontrolled airspace, and, in the case of balloons and gliders, the power requirements during long flights. General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation. A balloon is a flexible bag filled with a type of Gas, such as Helium, Hydrogen, Nitrous oxide or air. Terminology A "glider" is an unpowered Aircraft. The most common types of glider are today used for sporting purposes

Marine

Navigational aids often have transponders called RACON designed to make them standout on a ships radar screen. A Racon is a type of Radar Transponder commonly used to mark maritime navigational hazards

Road

The E-ZPass system in the eastern United States is one of many systems for paying bridge and road tolls by a RFID transponder in the car. E-ZPass is an Electronic toll collection system used on most tolled Roads Bridges and Tunnels in the northeastern United States Radio-frequency identification ( RFID) is an automatic identification method relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or

Motorsport

Transponders are used in motorsport for lap timing purposes. A cable loop is dug into the race circuit near to the start/finish line. Each car has an active transponder with a unique id code. When the racing car passes the start/finish line the lap time and the racing position is shown on the score board.

Passive and active RFID systems are used in off road events such as Enduro and Hare and Hounds racing, the riders have a transponder on their person, normally on their arm. Enduro is a form of Motorcycle sport run on courses that are predominantly Off-road. United States Hare and Hound In the United States a Hare & Hound is a type of off-road racing event where the entrants compete on Dirt bikes over a marked When they complete a lap they swipe or touch the receiver which is connected to a computer and log their lap time. The Casimo Group Ltd make a system which does this.

NASCAR uses transponders and cable loops placed at numerous points around the track to determine the lineup during a caution period. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. This system replaced a dangerous race back to the start-finish line. In Automobile racing, specifically NASCAR stock car racing "racing back to the caution" is a term used to describe a procedure about what drivers did after

Underwater

Sonar transponders operate under water and are used to measure distance and form the basis of underwater location marking, position tracking and navigation. Sonar (which started as an Acronym for sound navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses Sound propagation (usually underwater to navigate Navigation is the process of reading and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another

Gated communities

Transponders may also be used by residents to enter their gated communities. In its modern form a gated community is a form of Residential community containing controlled entrances for Pedestrians Bicycles and Automobiles

See also

• Racon
• Transceiver
• Secondary surveillance radar (Identification friend or foe)
• Transponding with DCC - Transponding in model railroading. A Racon is a type of Radar Transponder commonly used to mark maritime navigational hazards A transceiver is a device that has both a Transmitter and a receiver which are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing Secondary Surveillance Radar ( SSR) is a Radar system used in Air traffic control (ATC which not only detects and measures the position of aircraft In Telecommunications, identification friend or foe (IFF is a Cryptographic identification System designed for command and control
• RFID - low-cost transponder tags for asset tracking and telemetry. Radio-frequency identification ( RFID) is an automatic identification method relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or

Source: partly from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188 and from the Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

Federal Standard 1037C, entitled Telecommunications Glossary of Telecommunication Terms is a United States Federal Standard issued by the General Services Administration MIL-STD-188 is a series of US military standards relating to Telecommunications Purpose Faced with “past technical deficiencies in telecommunications The Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms is a compendium of terminology used by the United States Department of Defense (DOD

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