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Transliteration is the practice of transcribing a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice. Transcription is the conversion into written typewritten or printed form of a Spoken language source such as the proceedings of a court hearing A word is a unit of Language that carries meaning and consists of one or more Morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together and has a Phonetic A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language.

From a linguistic point of view, transliteration is a mapping from one system of writing into another, word by word. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields In Mathematics and related technical fields the term map or mapping is often a Synonym for function. Transliteration attempts to be exact, so that an informed reader should be able to reconstruct the original spelling of unknown transliterated words. To achieve this objective, transliteration may define complex conventions for dealing with letters in a source script which do not correspond with letters in a goal script.

Transliteration is opposed to transcription, which specifically maps the sounds of one language to the best matching script of another language. Transcription is the conversion into written typewritten or printed form of a Spoken language source such as the proceedings of a court hearing Within Phonetics, a phone is a speech sound or gesture considered a physical event without regard to its place in the Phonology of a Language A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Still, most systems of transliteration map the letters of the source script to letters pronounced similarly in the goal script, for some specific pair of source and goal language. If the relations between letters and sounds are similar in both languages, a transliteration may be (almost) the same as a transcription. In practice, there are also some mixed transliteration/transcription systems that transliterate a part of the original script and transcribe the rest. One instance of transliteration is the use of an English computer keyboard to type in a language that uses a different alphabet, such as Russian. Transliterated text, often used in emails, blogs, and electronic correspondence where non-Latin keyboards are unavailable, is sometimes referred to by special composite terms that demonstrate the combination of English characters and the original non-Latin word pronunciation: Ruglish, Hebrish, Greeklish, or Arabish. Runglish (Ruglish Russlish Рунглийский язык is a Neologism increasingly used to denote at least three different interferences of Russian and Hebrew uses the Hebrew alphabet with optional vowel points. The romanization of Hebrew is the use of the Latin alphabet to Transliterate Greeklish, a Portmanteau of the words Greek and English, also known as Grenglish, Latinoellinika / Λατινοελληνικά The Arabic chat alphabet or Arabish (عربيزي ‘Arabīzī) is used to communicate in the Arabic language over the Internet or for While the transcription implies seeking the best way to render foreign words into a particular language, the typing transliteration is a purely pragmatic process of inputting text in a particular language. The rest of the article concerns itself with the first meaning of the word, that is rendering foreign words into a different alphabet, transliteration in a narrow sense.

Also, transliteration should not be confused with translation, which involves a change in language while preserving meaning. Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation This article is about meaning as it is studied in the discipline of linguistics Transliteration performs a mapping from one alphabet into another.

In a broader sense, the word transliteration is used to include both transliteration in the narrow sense and transcription. Anglicizing is a transcription method. Anglicisation or anglicization (see -ise vs -ize) is a process of conversion of verbal or written elements of any other language into a more comprehensible English Romanization encompasses several transliteration and transcription methods. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or

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Difference between transliteration and transcription

In Modern Greek, the letters <η> <ι> <υ> and the letter combinations <ει> <oι> <υι> are all pronounced IPA: [i]. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly A transcription consequently renders them all as <i>, but a transliteration still distinguishes them, for example by transliterating to <ē> <i> <y> and <ei> <oi> <yi>. (As the old Greek pronunciation of <η> was [ɛː], this proposal uses the character appropriate for an Old Greek transliteration or transcription <ē>, an <e> with a macron. A macron, from Greek el μακρόv ( makrón) meaning "long" is a Diacritic ¯ placed over or under a Vowel which was originally ) On the other hand, <ευ> is sometimes pronounced [ev] and sometimes [ef], depending on the following sound. A transcription distinguishes them, but this is no requirement for a transliteration.

Greek word Transliteration Transcription
Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Ellēnikē Dēmokratia Elliniki Dimokratia
Ελευθερία eleutheria eleftheria
Ευαγγέλιο Euaggelio Evanghelio
των υιών tōn uiōn ton ion

Uses

Transliterations in the narrow sense are used in situations where the original script is not available to write down a word in that script, while still high precision is required. For example, traditional or cheap typesetting with a small character set; editions of old texts in scripts not used any more (such as Linear B); some library catalogues. Linear B is a script that was used for writing Mycenaean, an early form of Greek. [1]

For example, the Greek language is written in the 24-letter Greek alphabet, which overlaps with, but differs from, the 26-letter version of the Roman alphabet in which English is written. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Etymologies in English dictionaries often identify Greek words as ancestors of words used in English. Consequently, most such dictionaries transliterate the Greek words into Roman letters.

Transliteration in the broader sense is a necessary process when using words or concepts expressed in a language with a script other than one's own.

The idea of transliteration is complicated by the genuine use in multiple languages of different common nouns for the same person, place or thing. Thus, "Muhammad" is in common use now in English and "Mohammed" is less popular, though there are excellent reasons for each spelling (and similarly for "Muslim" and "Moslem") — in particular, the forms with "o" reflect modern pronunciation, while those with "u" reflect Classical Arabic. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Classical Arabic (CA also known as Qur'anic or Koranic Arabic, is the form of the Arabic language used in literary texts from Umayyad

Transliteration is also used for simple encryption.

Issues in transliterating particular languages

Some languages and scripts present particular difficulties to transcribers. These are discussed on separate pages.

See also

External links

Free online transliteration services

Eastern European

Indic

Middle Eastern

Documentation

Downloadable software

Dictionary

transliteration

-noun

  1. (linguistics) The act or product of transliterating, or of representing letters or words in the characters of another alphabet or script.
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