In biochemistry, a transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group (e. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living Organisms It deals with the Structure and function of cellular components such as Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins In Organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of Atoms within Molecules that are responsible for the characteristic Chemical reactions g. a methyl or phosphate group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). In Chemistry, a methyl group is a Hydrophobic Alkyl Functional group named after Methane (4 A phosphate, an Inorganic chemical, is a salt of Phosphoric acid. In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a transferase:
- A–X + B → A + B–X
In this example, A would be the donor, and B would be the acceptor. The donor is often a coenzyme. Coenzymes are small organic non- Protein Molecules that carry chemical groups between Enzymes Coenzymes are sometimes referred to as cosubstrates
Nomenclature
Proper names of transferases are formed as "donor:acceptor grouptransferase. " However, other names are much more common. The common names of transferases are often formed as "acceptor grouptransferase" or "donor grouptransferase. " For example, a DNA methyltransferase is a transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA acceptor. In Biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase family of Enzymes catalyze the transfer of a Methyl group to DNA. In Chemistry, a methyl group is a Hydrophobic Alkyl Functional group named after Methane (4 Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known
Classification
Transferases are classified as EC 2 in the EC number classification. This article is about the Enzyme Commission codes For the European Commission system for coding chemicals see EC-No. Transferases can be further classified into nine subclasses:
- EC 2.1 includes enzymes that transfer one-carbon groups (methyltransferase)
- EC 2.2 includes enzymes that transfer aldehyde or ketone groups
- EC 2.3 includes acyltransferases
- EC 2.4 includes glycosyltransferases
- EC 2.5 includes enzymes that transfer alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
- EC 2.6 includes enzymes that transfer nitrogenous groups (transaminase)
- EC 2.7 includes enzymes that transfer phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferase, including polymerase and kinase)
- EC 2.8 includes enzymes that transfer sulfur-containing groups (sulfurtransferase and sulfotransferase)
- EC 2. Methyltransferase is a type of Transferase Enzyme which transfers a Methyl group from a donor to an acceptor An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl group. A ketone (pronounced as key tone) is either the Functional group characterized by a Carbonyl group (O=C linked to two other Carbon atoms or Acyltransferase is a type of Transferase Enzyme which acts upon Acyl groups Glycosyltransferases are Enzymes ( EC 24) that act as a Catalyst for the transfer of a Monosaccharide unit from an activated sugar Phosphate An alkyl is a Univalent radical consisting of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms arranged in a chain In the context of organic molecules aryl refers to any Functional group or Substituent derived from a Simple aromatic ring, may it be Phenyl Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 In Biochemistry, a transaminase or an aminotransferase is an Enzyme that Catalyzes a type of reaction between an Amino acid and an Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 Phosphotransferases are a category of Enzymes ( EC number 27 which catalyze Phosphorylation reactions A polymerase (EC 2776/7/19/48/49 is an Enzyme whose central function is associated with Polymers of Nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA In Chemistry and Biochemistry, a kinase, alternatively known as a phosphotransferase, is a type of Enzyme that transfers Phosphate Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 Sulfotransferase s are Transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfate group from a donor molecule to an acceptor alcohol or amine 9 includes enzymes that transfer selenium-containing groups
References
- EC 2 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London
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