| Trans World Airlines | ||
|---|---|---|
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| IATA TW |
ICAO TWA |
Callsign TWA |
| Founded | 1925 (as Western Air Express) | |
| Ceased operations | 2001 (Merged with American Airlines) | |
| Hubs |
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| Focus cities | ||
| Member lounge | Ambassadors Club | |
| Fleet size | 190 | |
| Destinations | 132 | |
| Parent company | Trans World Airlines, Inc. This is a list of Airline codes. The table lists the IATA airline designators the ICAO airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator This is a list of Airline codes. The table lists the IATA airline designators the ICAO airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator This is a list of Airline codes. The table lists the IATA airline designators the ICAO airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator American Airlines Inc (AA is a US -based airline and the world's Largest airline in total passenger miles transported and passenger fleet size An airline hub is an Airport that an airline uses as a transfer point to get passengers to their intended destination Washington Dulles International Airport is a public Airport located 25 miles (40 km) west of the Central business district of Washington D Lambert-St Louis International Airport is the primary airport for St Lester B Pearson International Airport is a major International airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated 27 kilometres (17 mi northwest John F Kennedy International Airport is an International airport located in Queens County on Long Island in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 Kansas City International Airport, originally named Mid-Continent International Airport Stapleton International Airport was Denver, Colorado 's primary Airport from 1929 to 1995 Denver International Airport, often called DIA, is by land size at, the largest international Airport in the United States, and the second largest In the Airline industry a focus city is a location that is not a hub, but from which the airline has non-stop flights to several destinations other than its hubs Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is a public Airport located in Carolina Puerto Rico 3 miles (5 km southeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico Los Angeles International Airport is the primary Airport serving Los Angeles, California, the second-most populated metropolitan area of Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (Aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French in the Paris area is Zürich Airport also called Kloten Airport, is located in Kloten, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland and managed by Unique Airport An airport lounge is a Lounge owned by a particular Airline (or jointly operated in the case of an alliance) A parent company is a Company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its Board of directors | |
| Headquarters | St. Louis, Missouri, USA | |
| Key people |
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| Website: www.twa.com www.aa.com | ||
Trans World Airlines (TWA) was a major U.S.-based airline with hubs in Washington, D.C., St. Louis, Toronto, Atlanta, New York (JFK), Denver (Stapleton) and Kansas City. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario The City of New York The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages The airline operated from 1930 until it was acquired by American Airlines in 2001. American Airlines Inc (AA is a US -based airline and the world's Largest airline in total passenger miles transported and passenger fleet size Prior to the buyout, TWA was one of the largest domestic U. S. airlines with flights from St. Louis (and to a lesser extent JFK) to most major U. S. cities. They also had a substantial feeder operation from smaller mid-west cities. Beyond the U. S. , TWA had a highly developed European and Middle East network served mainly from its JFK and IAD hub.
Contents |
History
1930s
Founding - T&WA
Corporate history dates from the July 16, 1930, forced merger of Transcontinental Air Transport (T-A-T) and Western Air Express to form Transcontinental & Western Air (T&WA). Transcontinental Air Transport (T-A-T was airline founded in 1928 by Clement Melville Keys that was to merge in 1930 with Western Air Express to form what WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The companies merged at the urging of Postmaster General Walter Folger Brown who was looking for bigger airlines to give airmail contracts. The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. Walter Folger Brown ( May 31, 1869 &ndash January 26, 1961) the son of James Marshall and Lavinia Folger Brown was Postmaster General Airmail (or air mail) is Mail that is transported by Aircraft. Charges of favoritism in the contracts was to lead to the Air Mail Scandal in which the two airlines split in 1934, although the T&WA name would stick. The Air Mail Scandal, also known as the Air Mail Fiasco, is the name that the American press of the 1930s gave to the political scandal resulting from a congressional
Both airlines brought high profile aviation pioneers who would give the airline the panache of being called the "The Airline Run by Flyers" be known for several years for being on the cutting edge of aviation. Transcontinental, the bigger of the two, had the marquee expertise of Charles Lindbergh and was already offering a 48-hour combination of plane and train trip across the United States. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another Western, which was slightly older having been founded in 1925, had the expertise of Jack Frye. William John "Jack" Frye ( March 18, 1904, Sweetwater Oklahoma &ndash February 3, 1959) was an aviation pioneer who
On October 25, 1930, the airline offered one of the first all plane scheduled service from coast to coast -- the Lindbergh Route. The route took 36 hours and initially called for overnights in Kansas City.
TWA relocated its headquarters from New York to Kansas City, Missouri in summer 1931. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages
DC3
In 1931 the airline nearly went out of business after TWA Flight 599 crashed, killing University of Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne. Transcontinental and Western Air Flight 599 was a Fokker F10 Trimotor en route from Kansas City Missouri, to Los Angeles California, on March 31 The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame) (ˌnoʊtɚˈdeɪm is a private Roman Catholic Research university located in Knute (pronounced "kah-noot" ("noot" is the anglicized nickname Kenneth Rockne ( March 4, 1888 &ndash March 31, The crash revealed problems with the airline's aging fleet of Fokker Trimotors. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
The dominant manufacturer of the day was Bill Boeing but, because of a prior contract with United Air Lines, he would not sell his planes to competing lines. William Edward Boeing (born "Wilhelm Edward Boeing" ( October 1, 1881 – September 27, 1956) was an Aviation pioneer who United Air Lines Inc, trading as United Airlines ( is a major airline of the United States. Frye and other members of TWA approached several other manufacturers, including Donald Douglas with specifications for a sturdier, larger plane. Donald Douglas may refer to Donald Douglas (actor, film and television actor Don Douglas (1905-1945 Scottish-born film actor of the On September 20, 1932, the contract was signed with Douglas and the DC-1 was delivered to TWA in December 1933. The Douglas DC-1 was the first model of the famous United States DC (Douglas Commercial commercial transport aircraft series The result was the one and only DC-1. The new aircraft was ultimately to evolve into the DC-3. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Throughout 1934, Tomlinson and Richter tested the DC-1, and Tomlinson's extensive testing in 1934 and 1935 led to higher-altitude "over-weather flying" and cabin pressurization.
On February 18, 1934, Captain Eddie Rickenbacker, Frye, and a TWA team including "Tommy" Tomlinson, Larry Fritz, and Paul E. Richter, Si Morehouse, Harlan Hull, John Collings, and Andy Andrews flew a prototype of the DC-1 from Burbank, California, to Newark, New Jersey, in a record-breaking 13 hours and 4 minutes. Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (October 8 1890 &ndash July 27 1973 was an American fighter ace in World War I and Medal of Honor recipient Paul E Richter, 1896 to 1949 Aviation pioneer co-founder of TWA. The Douglas DC-1 was the first model of the famous United States DC (Douglas Commercial commercial transport aircraft series Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County California, United States. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County.
Lehman Brothers/Hertz Ownership - T&WA, Inc.
In 1934 the Air Mail Act of 1934 dissolved the forced Transcontinental and Western merger and ordered the United States Army Air Service to deliver the mail. The Air Mail Scandal, also known as the Air Mail Fiasco, is the name that the American press of the 1930s gave to the political scandal resulting from a congressional The United States Army Air Service was a forerunner of the United States Air Force. With the company facing financial hardship, Lehman Brothers and John Hertz took over ownership. Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc ( (pronounced ˈliːmən was a global financial-services firm prior to its bankruptcy and sale in 2008 [1]
The Army was to have a series of crashes, and it was decided to privatize the delivery with the provision that no former companies could bid on the contracts. T&WA added the suffix "Inc. " to its name, thus qualifying it as a different company and got 60 percent of its old contracts back starting again in May 1934. [2]
On May 18, 1934, the DC-2 production version of the DC-1 and forerunner of the DC-3 entered commercial service on TWA's Columbus-Pittsburgh-Newark route.
On December 27, 1934 Jack Frye became President, Paul E. Richter, Vice Pres. William John "Jack" Frye ( March 18, 1904, Sweetwater Oklahoma &ndash February 3, 1959) was an aviation pioneer who Paul E Richter, 1896 to 1949 Aviation pioneer co-founder of TWA. , Walt Hamilton, V. P. Maintenance with managers Lawrence G. "Larry" Fritz, and Tommy Tomlinson, the leader in "High Altitude Research" for Over Weather Flying. The new owners installed directional "homing" radar and runway lights at its facilities.
In 1935, Tomlinson and Northrop Gamma (turbo-supercharged) began High Altitude research, and the last of 14 TWA Northrop Alphas were phased out.
On November 16, 1936, Paul E. Richter headed the airline's Boeing 307 talks. Paul E Richter, 1896 to 1949 Aviation pioneer co-founder of TWA.
On January 29, 1937, TWA contracted with Boeing for five Boeing 307 "Stratoliners", the first commercial plane with a pressurized cabin. The Boeing Model 307 Stratoliner was the first commercial transport Aircraft with a pressurized cabin. The first TWA Stratoliner was delivered on May 6, 1940.
In 1938, Paul E. Richter was elected Executive Vice President, Lawrence G. Paul E Richter, 1896 to 1949 Aviation pioneer co-founder of TWA. "Larry" Fritz became Vice Pres. of Operations, and Tomlinson Vice Pres. of Engineering. TWA received the San Francisco to Chicago route.
Howard Hughes
In 1938, Lehman and Hertz began selling their interest and General Motors began buying stock. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. Frye then approached another flying enthusiast, Howard Hughes, to buy stock. Howard Robard Hughes Jr (December 24 1905 – April 5 1976 was an American Aviator, Industrialist, Film producer / director, Philanthropist According to John Keats's biography of Hughes, he grumbled, "$15 million! That's a small fortune!" before he agreed and initially bought 25 percent of the airline.
On June 22, 1939, Hughes Tool Co. ordered 40 Lockheed Constellations. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout On July 8, 1940, TWA inaugurated Boeing 307 Stratoliner service.
1940s
World War II
Hughes got controlling interest in 1941 and was to eventually control 78 percent of it.
The airline was to prosper during World War II, transporting President Franklin Roosevelt overseas -- particularly to the Casablanca Conference -- and racking up 40 million miles in flights for the Army, as well as supplying the North Atlantic route to Prestwick, Scotland, and the South Atlantic route from Brazil to Liberia and points east. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Casablanca Conference (codenamed SYMBOL was held at the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, Morocco, then a French Protectorate, from January 14 to Prestwick is a town located in South Ayrshire on the south west coast of Scotland, approximately to the south-west of Glasgow. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire
Hughes was to push for the construction of the Lockheed Constellation, which would become synonymous with the TWA style of elegance and cutting-edge technology. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout On April 17, 1944, Hughes and Frye flew the Constellation (C-69 USAAF #43-10310) from Burbank, California, to Washington, D.C., in an unofficial record 6 hours 58 minutes. Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County California, United States. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D
Post-War - The Trans World Airline
After breaking Pan American World Airways' legal designation as the United States' sole international carrier, T&WA began trans-Atlantic service in 1946 using new elegant Lockheed Constellation (the "Connies") aircraft, changing its name to The Trans World Airline. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
The airline was to assist Saudi Arabian Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines, and a newly revived Lufthansa. Saudi Arabian Airlines ( Arabic: الخطوط الجوية العربية السعودية is the national Airline of Saudi Arabia, based Ethiopian Airlines (የኢትዮጵያ አየር መንገድ የኢትዮጵያ in short is an Airline based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Airlines from around the world sent their pilots to TWA for training.
Falling Out Between Hughes and Frye
Frye and Hughes had a falling out in 1946. Hughes' financial advisor Noah Dietrich said that Frye was ruining the company with overexpansion. TWA's stock market price plunged from $53 a share to $10 as the airline suffered a pilot's strike and a temporary grounding of its Constellation fleet.
Hughes dictated to management a 50% cut across the board as a solution to the financial problems. In December 1946, Hughes loaded the TWA Board of Directors with men from the Hughes Tool Co.
Frye resigned in February 1947, followed three months later by Richter. Thus ended the era of "The Airline Run by Flyers".
TWA had established routes from Europe to Asia during the late 1940s and 1950s, flying its aircraft as far east as Hong Kong. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders
Throughout the next two decades, TWA suffered constant short-term and short-sighted management, with the exception of the able and highly regarded Ralph Damon. TWA survived partly due to the airline's legal maneuvering of the 40s that eliminated a possible competitive threat from American Overseas Airlines, affiliated with American Airlines, relegating them to non-scheduled charter service only and eventually forcing them out of all European-U. American Overseas Airlines (AOA was an Airline that flew between the USA and Europe between 1945 and 1950 S. service by 1950. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. As a result, TWA and Pan Am were the only U. S. airlines that served Europe until the 1970s.
1950s - Trans World Airlines
In 1950, the airline officially changed its name to Trans World Airlines. Between 1954 and 1958 it moved its executive offices from its landmark downtown Kansas City building to New York City. The TWA Corporate Headquarters' Building was the Corporate headquarters of Trans World Airlines until 1964 when the airline moved its headquarters to However, the servicing of the fleet continued to be handled in Kansas City, Kansas. Kansas City Kansas. Items for the metro area should also go to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area page Items for Kansas City Missouri Initially, servicing was at a former B-25 Mitchell bomber factory at Fairfax Airport. Fairfax Airport was an Airport in Kansas City Kansas from 1921 until it closed in 1985 that is most famously associated with the construction of most of the When the Great Flood of 1951 destroyed the facility, the city of Kansas City built TWA a 5,000-acre airport on farmland 15 miles north of downtown at what was to become Kansas City International Airport. In mid-July 1951 heavy rains led to a great rise of water in the Kansas River and other surrounding areas Kansas City International Airport, originally named Mid-Continent International Airport At its peak, the airline was one of Kansas City's biggest employers with more than 20,000 employees.
In the 1950s the TWA Moonliner was the tallest structure at Disneyland and depicted atomic-powered travel to come in 1986. The TWA Moonliner was a futuristic exhibit at Tomorrowland at Disneyland in the 1950s that marked TWA product placement by Howard Hughes.
TWA suffered from its late entry to the jet age and in 1956 Hughes placed an order for 63 Convair 880s at a cost of $400 million. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The transaction was to ultimately result in Hughes losing control of the airline because outside creditors financing the deal did not want Hughes controlling development and operation of aircraft.
1960s
Charles C. Tillinghast Jr.
Hughes formally relinquished power in 1961 in the battle of the purchase of the Convairs. In the deal, Charles C. Tillinghast Jr. became chairman and was to oversee the airline until 1976. Charles C Tillinghast Jr (1911- July 25 1998) was a former chairman of TWA and Brown University chancellor The battle over Hughes' control was to continue until a court order in 1966 forced him to sell his stock at a profit of $546 million (which he used to create new airline Hughes Airwest). Hughes Airwest was an Airline that was backed by multi-millionaire Howard Hughes.
Under new corporate management, the Trans World Corporation (TWA's holding company) expanded to purchase the overseas operations of Hilton Hotels. Trans World Corporation was the original name of the holding company set up to own Trans World Airlines. UH Hilton Hoteljpg|thumbnail|right|The Hilton University of Houston in Houston Texas, located on the campus of the University of Houston, contains the Hilton College of
Revolutionary airport design
TWA was one of the first airlines in the world to embrace the spoke-hub distribution paradigm. The hub-and-spoke distribution paradigm (or model or network) is a system of connections arranged like a chariot wheel in which all traffic moves along TWA was one of the first airlines to use the Boeing 747, and it planned to use the 747 along with the anticipated supersonic transport to whisk people between the West/Midwest (via Kansas City) and New York City (via John F. Kennedy International Airport) to European and other world destinations. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A supersonic transport (SST is a civil Aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the Speed of sound. John F Kennedy International Airport is an International airport located in Queens County on Long Island in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 As part of this strategy, TWA's hub airports were to be designed so that gates would be close to the street. However, the TWA-style airport design was to prove impractical and costly when Cuban hijackings in the late 1960s, followed by more sinister and deadly Mideast hijackings, required central security checkpoints. Aircraft hijacking incidents between the United States and Cuba reached their peak in 1969
John F. Kennedy International Airport
In 1962, TWA opened Terminal 5 at New York City's JFK Airport. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. John F Kennedy International Airport is an International airport located in Queens County on Long Island in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 John F Kennedy International Airport is an International airport located in Queens County on Long Island in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 The TWA Flight Center, as it was originally known, was designed by Eero Saarinen. The TWA Flight Center was the original name for Terminal 5 at New York City 's Idlewild Airport (now John F Eero Saarinen (eːro saːrinen (August 20 1910 Kirkkonummi, Finland – September 1 1961 Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States) was The terminal has been described as a "lyrical expression of the unified sculptural forms that could be created in reinforced concrete before the age of computer-aided design. " But it proved to be a costly security nightmare. After the demise of TWA, the terminal was unused for airline service but served as a filming location for several productions, including Steven Spielberg's "Catch Me if You Can", Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Law & Order: Criminal Intent. Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. Catch Me if You Can is a 2002 Black comedy film loosely based on Frank Abagnale Jr Law & Order Special Victims Unit (also known as Law & Order SVU or simply SVU) is an American Drama Law & Order Criminal Intent is an American Television series set in New York City. The terminal is now being renovated for JetBlue Airways' future Kennedy Airport operations. The historic structure will be linked to a new structure. [3]
Kansas City International Airport
Kansas City approved a $150 million bond issue for the TWA hub there. TWA vetoed plans for a Dulles International Airport-style hub-and-spoke gate structure. Washington Dulles International Airport is a public Airport located 25 miles (40 km) west of the Central business district of Washington D Following union strife, the airport ultimately cost $250 million when it opened in 1972, with Spiro Agnew officiating. Spiro Theodore Agnew ( November 9, 1918 September 17, 1996) was the thirty-ninth Vice President of the United States (and the first TWA's gates, which were conceived of being within 100 feet of the street, were likewise to become obsolete because of security. When Kansas City refused to rebuild its terminals (even as Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport rebuilt its similarly designed terminals), TWA began looking elsewhere. Missouri politicians moved to keep it in the state. In 1982, TWA began a decade-long move to Lambert International Airport in St. Louis, Missouri. Lambert-St Louis International Airport is the primary airport for St
All-jet fleet
On April 7, 1967, TWA became one of the world's first all-jet airlines with the retirement of their last Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation and L-1649 Starliner aircraft. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. That morning throughout the TWA system, aircraft ground service personnel placed a booklet on every passenger seat titled "Props Are For Boats. "
By 1969, TWA had eclipsed Pan American World Airways' one-time Atlantic dominance. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. And in the Transpacific Route Case of 1969, TWA was given authority to extend its route network across the Pacific Ocean to Hawaii, Japan, and Taiwan. The Transpacific Route Case was a major Administrative law case argued before the Civil Aeronautics Board for much of the 1960's The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions
In 1969, TWA opened the Breech Academy on a 25-acre campus in the Kansas City suburb of Overland Park, Kansas, to train its flight attendants, ticket agents, and travel agents, as well as to provide flight simulators for its pilots. Breech Academy (also called Breech Training Academy was a school operated by Trans World Airlines between 1969 and 1988 to train Flight attendants Overland Park is the second most populous city in the US state of Kansas. It became the definitive training facility, and other airlines sent their staff to it.
The airline continued to aggressively expand European operations throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. In 1987, TWA could boast of a trans-Atlantic system that stretched from Los Angeles to Bombay, including virtually every major European population center, with gateways from the United States in 10 major cities. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar)
1980s
TWA's zenith would occur in the summer of 1988, when, for the first and only time, the airline would carry more than 50 percent of all the trans-Atlantic passengers. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Every day, Boeing 747, Lockheed L-1011, and Boeing 767 aircraft would depart to more than 30 cities in Europe, fed by a small but effective domestic operation focused on moving U. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout S. passengers to New York or other gateway cities for widebody service across the Atlantic, while a similar inter-European operation would shuttle non-U. S. passengers to TWA's European gateways for travel to the U. S. This glory would be short-lived with entry into the trans-Atlantic market by additional U. S. carriers such as American Airlines, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and United Airlines, all hungry to expand and with the financing to back aggressive European expansion plans. American Airlines Inc (AA is a US -based airline and the world's Largest airline in total passenger miles transported and passenger fleet size Continental Airlines Inc ( is a United States certificated air carrier. Delta Air Lines Inc ( is a United States Airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. United Air Lines Inc, trading as United Airlines ( is a major airline of the United States.
1990s
1992 bankruptcy
Tillinghast ignored the trans-Pacific market and the dedicated air cargo market. Cargo airlines (or airfreight carriers, and derivatives of these names are Airlines dedicated to the Transport of Cargo. He was accused of saying, "There's no money in the Pacific and there's no money in cargo. We're gonna' shrink this airline 'til it's profitable. " These two oversights are said to have been the undoing of TWA.
Airline deregulation hit TWA hard in the 1980s. Airline deregulation is the process of removing entry and price restrictions on airlines affecting in particular the carriers permitted to serve specific routes TWA had badly neglected domestic U. S. expansion at a time when the newly deregulated domestic market was growing at an exponential rate. TWA's holding company, Trans World Corporation, spun off the airline. Trans World Corporation was the original name of the holding company set up to own Trans World Airlines. But the airline became starved for capital after having been spun off. The airline briefly considered selling itself to corporate raider Frank Lorenzo in the 1980s, but ended up selling to corporate raider Carl Icahn in 1985. Francisco A "Frank" Lorenzo (born) is an investment manager Entrepreneur, philanthropist and a former Airline CEO in the United States Carl Celian Icahn (born February 16, 1936) is an American Billionaire Financier, Corporate raider and Private equity Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Under Icahn's direction, many of its most profitable assets were sold to competitors, much to the detriment of TWA. Icahn also moved the company's headquarters from New York City to his hometown, Mt. Kisco, New York. Mount Kisco is both a village and a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. Icahn was eventually ousted in 1993, though not before the airline was forced to file for bankruptcy in 1992. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Icahn emerged unscathed. TWA moved its headquarters from Mt. Kisco to the former headquarters building of McDonnell Douglas in St. McDonnell Douglas was a major American Aerospace manufacturer and Defense contractor, producing a number of famous commercial and military aircraft Louis soon after Icahn left.
1995 bankruptcy
When Carl Icahn left in 1993, he arranged to have TWA give Karabu Corp. Carl Celian Icahn (born February 16, 1936) is an American Billionaire Financier, Corporate raider and Private equity , an entity he controlled, the rights to buy TWA tickets at 45 percent off published fares through September 2003. This was named "The Karabu Deal". [4] The ticket program agreement, which began on June 14, 1995, excluded tickets for travel which originated or terminated in St. Louis, Missouri. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Tickets were subject to TWA's normal seat assignment and boarding pass rules and regulations, were non-assignable to any other carrier, and were non-endorsable. No commissions were paid to Karabu by TWA for tickets sold under the ticket program agreement.
By agreement dated August 14, 1995, Lowestfare. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 com LLC, a Karabu wholly owned operating subsidiary, was joined as a party to the ticket program agreement. Pursuant to the ticket program agreement, Lowestfare. com LLC could purchase an unlimited number of system tickets. System tickets are tickets for all applicable classes of service which were purchased by Karabu from TWA at a 45 percent discount from TWA's published fare. In addition to system tickets, Lowestfare. com LLC could also purchase domestic consolidator tickets, which are tickets issued at bulk fare rates and were limited to specified origin/destination city markets and did not permit the holder to modify or refund a purchased ticket. Karabu's purchase of domestic consolidator tickets was subject to a cap of $70 million per year based on the full retail price of the tickets.
Hence, on most TWA flights, Karabu could buy and then sell a sizable portion of the available seats, leaving TWA to pay for its operating cost with the revenue accrued through the sale of any remaining ticket sales. In other words, TWA was flying passengers who were not paying them, but someone else. This deal left the company powerless. If TWA wanted to increase revenue on busy routes by putting a large plane into service, Karabu could only claim more seats. It is estimated TWA was losing around $150 million a year in revenue with this deal.
In trying to ameliorate the Karabu deal, TWA went in and out of bankruptcy in 1995.
TWA Flight 800
On July 17, 1996, TWA Flight 800 exploded over the Atlantic Ocean near Long Island, killing all aboard. Trans World Airlines (TWA Flight 800 was a scheduled international passenger flight from John F Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Trans World Airlines (TWA Flight 800 was a scheduled international passenger flight from John F Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches The National Transportation Safety Board concluded that the most likely cause of the disaster was a center fuel tank explosion sparked by exposed wiring. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB is an independent U The cause is debated, but the media focused heavily on the fact that TWA's airline fleet was among the oldest in service.
Short turn-around
By 1998, TWA had reorganized as a primarily domestic carrier, with routes centered around hubs at St. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Louis and New York. Partly in response to TWA Flight 800 and the age of its fleet, TWA announced a major fleet renewal, ordering 125 new aircraft. Trans World Airlines (TWA Flight 800 was a scheduled international passenger flight from John F TWA paid for naming rights for the new Trans World Dome, home of the St. Louis Rams, in its corporate hometown. The Edward Jones Dome (more formally known as the Edward Jones Dome at America's Center) and previously known as The Trans World Airlines Dome or TWA Dome The St Louis Rams are a professional American football team based in St
TWA's fleet renewal program included adding newer and smaller, more fuel-efficient longer-range aircraft such as the Boeing 757 and 767 and short-range aircraft such as the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and Boeing 717. Aircraft such as the Boeing 727 and 747, along with the Lockheed L-1011 and older DC-9s, some from Ozark and the 1960s, were retired. TWA also became one of the early customers for the small Airbus A318 through ILFC. The International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC is an Aircraft lessor headquartered in Los Angeles California. TWA, had it continued operating through 2003, would have been the first U. S. carrier to fly the type.
A code-share agreement with America West Airlines was started, with long-term plans for a merger considered. America West Airlines was one of the United States ' ten major Airlines The airline was based in Phoenix Arizona, and is now a part of US Airways Group However, the 1995 Karabu ticketing deal with Icahn proved to be an obstacle.
The routes that TWA flew were also changed. Several international destinations were dropped or changed, and the focus of the airline became domestic routes through its St. Louis hub and smaller New York (JFK) and San Juan hubs. Domestically, the carrier improved services with redesigned aircraft and new services, including "Pay in Coach, Fly in First", where passengers could be upgraded to first class from coach when flying through St. Louis. Internationally, services were cut. European destinations eventually were limited to London, and Paris; and in the Middle East, to Cairo, Riyadh, and Tel Aviv.
2000s
Acquisition by American Airlines
Financial problems began to resurface shortly afterward, and TWA's airline assets were acquired by American Airlines in April of 2001. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. As part of the deal, TWA declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy (for the third time) the day after it agreed to the purchase. The terms of the deal included a $500 million payment. However, since American assumed TWA's liabilities, the deal was estimated to have cost American $2 billion. [5] American did not claim the naming rights for the Rams' home, which eventually became the Edward Jones Dome, named after the financial services company with the same name.
TWA booking ended on November 30, 2001. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. [6]
Trans World Airlines flew its last flight on December 1, 2001 with a Super 80 Aircraft (N948TW). Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican The ceremonial last flight was Flight 220 from Kansas City, Missouri, to St. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages Louis, with CEO Captain William Compton at the controls. The final flight before TWA officially became part of American Airlines was completed between St. Louis and Las Vegas, Nevada, also on December 1, 2001. Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally At 10:00 p. m. CST on that date, employees began removing all TWA signs and placards from airports around the country, replacing them with American Airlines signs. At midnight, all TWA flights officially became listed as American Airlines flights. Some aircraft carried hybrid American/TWA livery during the transition, with American's tricolor stripe on the fuselage and TWA's name on the tail. Signage still bears the TWA logo in portions of Concourse D at Lambert St. Louis International Airport. On some Super-80 aircraft, the cabinets retain TWA logos.
American Airlines acquired some Ambassadors Clubs, and other Ambassadors Clubs closed on December 2, 2001 [7]
One lighted TWA sign still exists (as of 2006) on the runway side of Saarinen's New York JFK terminal. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. According to Dave Barger, COO of JetBlue Airways, JetBlue intends to retain the lit TWA sign on the Saarinen terminal after the renovation of Terminal 5.
TWA's St. Louis hub decreased after the merger due to its proximity to American's larger hub at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. As a result, American initially replaced TWA's St. Louis mainline hub with regional jet service (going from over 800 operations a day to fewer than 300) and downsized TWA's maintenance base in Kansas City. The term Regional jet, or RJ, describes a range of short-haul Turbofan powered Aircraft, whose use throughout the world expanded after the advent (St. Louis, as of January 2007, is American's fourth main hub. )
Destinations
See TWA destinations for mainline destinations. This is a list of destinations of Trans World Airlines. Destinations served by Trans World Express and Trans World Connection (as American Eagle Airlines For commuter destinations, see Trans World Express and Trans World Connection. Trans World Express (TWE was the fully owned and certificated regional carrier for Trans World Airlines and an airline Trademark name for TWA's corporation Trans World Connection was an affiliated brand name with Trans World Airlines.
Terrorist target
From 1969 to 1986, five TWA airliners were terrorist targets for Palestinian guerilla groups, mainly because the airline had a strong European presence, represented the United States of America, and flew to Israel. This list of accidents and incidents involving airlines by Airline summarizes airline accidents by airline company with flight number location date aircraft type and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.
- In 1969, TWA Flight 840 from Rome to Athens was hijacked and forcibly diverted to Damascus. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the 1969 hijacking For the 1986 bombing see TWA Flight 840 (1986. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Nobody was injured, but the aircraft's nose was blown up (although replaced and the plane returned to service).
- In 1970, TWA Flight 741 was hijacked after taking off from Frankfurt am Main, Germany, to New York. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the Dawson's Field hijackings (September 6 1970 four Jet aircraft bound for New York City were hijacked by members of the Popular Front for the Liberation Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous It was taken to Dawson's Field in Jordan with two other hijacked aircraft. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern All three aircraft were empty of passengers and crew before being destroyed. A fourth aircraft that landed in Cairo, Egypt, suffered a similar fate. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt.
- In 1974, TWA Flight 841 from Tel Aviv to New York City crashed shortly after takeoff from Athens enroute to Rome after a bomb believed to have been in the cargo hold exploded, killing all 88 onboard. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. On September 8, 1974, a Boeing 707-331B ( Tail number N8734 operating as TWA Flight 841 took off from Ben Gurion International Airport, Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel The City of New York Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2
- In 1985, TWA Flight 847 from Athens to Rome was hijacked first to Beirut, then to Algiers, back to Beirut, back to Algiers, and finally back to Beirut — with some of its fuel being paid for by the Shell credit card of flight attendant Uli Derickson. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) TWA Flight 847 was an international Trans World Airlines flight which was hijacked by Lebanese Shia Islamists on Friday morning Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known simply as Shell, is a multinational oil company of Dutch and British origins Ulrike Patzelt ( August 8, 1944 &ndash February 18, 2005) better known as Uli Derickson, was a Flight attendant during
- In 1986, TWA Flight 840 was attacked with an on-board bomb, ejecting four Americans to their deaths. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) This article is about the 1986 bombing For the 1969 bombing see TWA Flight 840 (1969.
In addition, five Croatian separatists hijacked TWA flight 355 on September 10, 1976, as it flew from New York-LaGuardia to Chicago. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. LaGuardia Airport (ləˈɡwɑɹdiə is an airport located in Queens County on Long Island in the The City of New York. They ordered the pilot to Montreal, where the plane was refueled, and then made additional refueling stops in Gander and Keflavik; at some of these stops, the hijackers unloaded propaganda pamphlets that they demanded to be dropped over Montreal, Chicago, New York, London, and Paris. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Gander International Airport is located in Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and is currently run by the Gander Airport Authority Keflavík International Airport (Keflavíkurflugvöllur is the largest Airport in Iceland and the country’s main hub for international transportation New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city At the plane's final stop at Paris-Charles de Gaulle, the hijackers surrendered after direct talks with U. Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (Aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French in the Paris area is S. ambassador Kenneth Rush, and their explosives were revealed to be fakes. An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country [8]
Fleet
Fleet in 2000
| Type | Total | Passengers (Ambassador[First]/Economy) |
Routes | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airbus A318-100 | (50 Orders) | Domestic | Order cancelled by American Airlines immediately after takeover | |
| Boeing 757-200 | 27 | Long-haul domestic; international | 17 Currently operated by Delta Airlines, formerly operated by American Airlines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout | |
| Boeing 767-200/-300 | 18 | Long-haul international routes | ||
| McDonnell Douglas MD-81 | 8 | Short- to Medium-haul domestic routes; Caribbean | ||
| McDonnell Douglas MD-82 | 35 | Short- to Medium-haul domestic routes; Caribbean | ||
| McDonnell Douglas MD-83 | 64 | Short- to Medium-haul domestic routes; Caribbean | ||
| Boeing 717 | 28 (50 Ordered) |
Short- to Medium-haul domestic routes | Majority were later sold to AirTran Airways while others went to other carriers. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout AirTran Airways is a low-cost Airline that is a Delaware corporation with headquarters in Orlando, Florida, USA and | |
| Douglas DC-9 | Short-haul domestic routes |
Retired fleet
| Type | Years | Routes | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Douglas DC-1 | |||
| Douglas DC-2 | |||
| Douglas DC-3 | |||
| Boeing 707 | 1960-1984 | ||
| Boeing 727-100 | |||
| Boeing 727-200 | 1968-2000 | ||
| Boeing 747-100 | 1970-1998 | ||
| Boeing 747-200 | |||
| Boeing 747-SP | 1979-1986 | ||
| Convair 880 | 1960-1974 | ||
| Lockheed L-1011 | 1972-1997 | ||
| Lockheed Constellation | 1945-1967 |
TWA at one time also held orders for the BAC-Aérospatiale Concorde, Sud Aviation Carvelle, Boeing 2707, and the Airbus A330 (which were taken by Cathay Pacific). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Douglas DC-1 was the first model of the famous United States DC (Douglas Commercial commercial transport aircraft series The Douglas DC-2 was a 14 seat twin-propeller Airliner produced by the Douglas Aircraft Corporation starting in 1934. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Boeing 2707 was developed as the first American Supersonic transport (SST Cathay Pacific Airways Limited () is the largest Airline and Flag carrier of Hong Kong. The A330 order was eventually converted to A318 orders.
Ambassadors Club
TWA operated Ambassadors Club locations in various airports.
American Airlines acquired some clubs, and other clubs closed on December 2, 2001. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. [7]
Before the closure of the clubs, TWA maintained clubs in the following places:
Clubs in North America open on December 1
United States
- California
- Los Angeles (Los Angeles International Airport) (Converted into Admirals Club [7])
- San Francisco (San Francisco International Airport)
- Massachusetts
- Missouri
- Kansas City (Kansas City International Airport) (Converted into Admirals Club [7])
- St. Louis (Lambert-St. Louis International Airport) (Converted into Admirals Club [7])
- New York
- Virginia
- California
Clubs in North America closed prior to dissolution
- United States
Clubs in Europe closed prior to dissolution
References
- ^ International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 35. St. James Press, 2001 - via Fundinguniverse.com
- ^ International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 35. St. James Press, 2001 - via Fundinguniverse.com
- ^ TWA Terminal Takes Off, National Trust for Historic Preservation, August 31, 2005. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Los Angeles International Airport is the primary Airport serving Los Angeles, California, the second-most populated metropolitan area of The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city San Francisco International Airport is a major international Airport located south of downtown San Francisco, California, United States adjacent to the The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages Kansas City International Airport, originally named Mid-Continent International Airport Lambert-St Louis International Airport is the primary airport for St New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The City of New York LaGuardia Airport (ləˈɡwɑɹdiə is an airport located in Queens County on Long Island in the The City of New York. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Washington Dulles International Airport is a public Airport located 25 miles (40 km) west of the Central business district of Washington D The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Phoenix (ˈfiːˌnɪks O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdo, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport is a joint civil-military public Airport located three miles (5 km east of the Central business district of Phoenix California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. San Diego International Airport, also known as Lindbergh Field, is a public Airport located three miles (five km) northwest of the Central business New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. ABQ redirects here For the city see Albuquerque New Mexico; For the USAF use of this facility see Kirtland Air Force Base; For the former airport serving New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The City of New York John F Kennedy International Airport is an International airport located in Queens County on Long Island in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. Port Columbus International Airport, commonly shortened to Port Columbus, is an international Airport located 6 miles (10 Kilometers) east of Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} San Juan (saŋ hwaŋ (from the Spanish San Juan Bautista, " Saint John the Baptist " is the Capital and largest municipality in Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is a public Airport located in Carolina Puerto Rico 3 miles (5 km southeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas and the seventeenth-largest city in the United States. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is a public Airport located three miles (5 km) south of the Central business district of Washington Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, also known as Sea-Tac Airport, is located in SeaTac, Washington, United States at the intersections The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Gatwick Airport is London 's second largest Airport and the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (Aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French in the Paris area is
- ^ Form 10-Q, Trans World Airlines, Inc. August 16, 1999.
- ^ American-TWA merger could hurt isles, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, January 8, 2001.
- ^ Home Page," Trans World Airlines
- ^ a b c d e f "TWA Ambassadors Club," Trans World Airlines
- ^ Bombs for Croatia
- ^ "View Domestic Locations," Trans World Airlines
- ^ "TWA North America Destinations," Trans World Airlines
- ^ "TWA Transatlantic Destinations Europe and the Middle East," Trans World Airlines
External links
- TWA official website at the Internet Archive Wayback Machine
- Fly TWA Historical Site
- TWAlive
- Uli Derickson - Legacy of Courage
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