Main article: Merchant ship

A loaded train ferry approaching the dock in Detroit, Michigan, April 1943. A merchant vessel is a Ship that transports Cargo and Passengers during peace time

Aerial view of a classification yard and two docking train ferries in Detroit, April 1943. A ( US and Canada) classification yard or ( UK and Canada) marshalling yard (including hump yards) is a Railroad A third ferry slip can be seen at the bottom of the photograph. ferry slip is a specialized docking facility that receives a ferryboat.

A train ferry is a ship designed to carry railway vehicles. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Typically, one level of the ship is fitted with railway tracks, and the vessel has a door at the front and/or rear to give access to the wharves. In the United States, train ferries were originally referred to as "car ferries" until about the 1950s. The wharf (sometimes called a "slip") has a ramp, linkspan or "apron," balanced by weights, that connects the railway proper to the ship, allowing for the water level to rise and fall with the tides. A linkspan or link-span is a type of Drawbridge used mainly in the operation of moving Vehicles on and off a RO-RO vessel or Ferry For an example of a specialized slip to receive railcars see ferry slip. ferry slip is a specialized docking facility that receives a ferryboat.

While railway vehicles can be and are shipped on the decks or in the holds of ordinary ships, purpose-built train ferries are much quicker to load and unload, especially as several vehicles can be loaded or unloaded at once. A train ferry that is a barge is called a car float. BARGE, the Big August RecGambling Excursion is a yearly convention held in Las Vegas during the first weekend of August A railroad car float is an unpowered Barge with Rail tracks mounted on its deck

In 1833 the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway operated a wagon ferry on the Forth and Clyde Canal in Scotland. The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway was an early mineral railway running from a colliery at Monklands to the Forth and Clyde Canal at Kirkintilloch, The Forth and Clyde Canal crosses Scotland, providing a route for sea-going vessels between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde at the narrowest part Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. ^[1] In April 1836 the first railroad car ferry in the U.S., the Susquehanna entered service on the Susquehanna River between Havre de Grace and Perryville, Maryland. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Susquehanna River (originally "Sasquesahanough" per the 1612 John Smith map is a River located in the northeastern United States. Havre de Grace ( HDG) is a city in Harford County Maryland, United States. Perryville is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. ^[1] The first 'modern' design of ferry, the Leviathan, was designed in 1849 by Thomas Grainger for the Edinburgh, Perth and Dundee Railway, Scotland, to cross the Forth estuary between Granton and Burntisland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Granton is an area in the north of Edinburgh, Scotland. Granton forms part of Edinburgh's waterfront along the Firth of Forth, and is historically an industrial Burntisland is a town and former Royal burgh in Fife, Scotland on the Firth of Forth. It was intended as a temporary measure until the railway could build a bridge, but this was not opened until 1890, its construction delayed in part by repercussions from the catastrophic failure of Thomas Bouch's Tay Rail Bridge;^[2] Bouch designed the ferry loading mechanism. Sir Thomas Bouch (ˈbaʊtʃ ( 25 February 1822 - 30 October 1880) was a Railway Engineer in Victorian Britain The Tay Bridge (sometimes unofficially the Tay Rail Bridge) is a Railway Bridge approximately two and a quarter miles (three and a half kilometres ^[1]

Hazards

The Norwegian train ferry Skagerak sank in September 7, 1966 on a journey between Kristiansand (Norway) and Hirtshals (Denmark) in heavy weather (Gale force winds) when the rear sea-gate was destroyed by heavy seas. One person died later from injuries. Six freight cars went to bottom with the ship as well as some automobiles. The ferry was built in 1965.

A similar incident happened when the Canadian train ferry Patrick Morris sank on April 19, 1970 while assisting in a search and rescue operation for a sinking fishing trawler off the northeast coast of Cape Breton Island. Cape Breton Island ( French: île du Cap-Breton - formerly île Royale, Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Cheap Breatuinn, The ferry was trying to maintain position to retrieve a body when her stern gates were overpowered by 30-foot (9 m) waves; she sank within 30 minutes taking several rail cars and 4 crew members to the bottom of the Cabot Strait. Cabot Strait (détroit de Cabot is a Strait in eastern Canada approximately 110 Kilometres wide between Cape Ray, Newfoundland and There were 47 survivors.

Train ferries rarely sank because of sea-hazards, although they have some weaknesses linked to the very nature of transporting trains "on rail" on a ship.

These weaknesses include:

• Trains are loaded at a rather high level, making the ship top-heavy.
• The train deck is difficult to compartmentalise, so that sloshing flood water can destabilise the ship.
• The sea doors where the trains go in and out are a weakness, even if placed at the rear of the ship.
• The train carriages need to be strongly secured lest they break away and roll around, particularly on long, open-water routes.

The Ann Arbor Railroad of Michigan developed a system of making cars fast that was adopted by many other lines. Screw jacks were placed on the corners of the railcar and the car was raised slightly to take its weight off of its wheels. Chains and turnbuckles were placed around the car frame and hooked onto the rails and tightened. Clamps were placed behind the wheels on the rails. Deckhands engaged in continual inspection and tightening of the gear during the crossing. This system effectively held the cars in place when the ship encountered rough weather.

Several train ferries -- the SS Milwaukee, SS Pere Marquette 18, and SS Marquette & Bessemer No. The SS Milwaukee was a Train ferry that served on Lake Michigan. 2 -- were lost on the Great Lakes. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. These losses, though causes remain unconfirmed, were attributed to seas boarding the unprotected stern of the ship and swamping it in a severe storm. As a result, seagates were required on all new ships and required to be retrofitted on older vessels. In addition, two wooden crosslake railroad ferries were burned.

Some accidents occurred at the slip during loading, when stability was a major problem. Train ferries often list when heavy cars are loaded onto a track on one side while the other side is empty. Normal procedure was to load half of a track on one side, all of the track on the other side, and then the rest of the original track. If this procedure was not followed, results could be disastrous. In 1909, the SS Ann Arbor No. 4 capsized in her slip in Manistique, Michigan when a switching crew put eight cars of iron ore on her portside tracks. The crew got off without loss of life, but salvage operations were costly and time-consuming.

Examples

Argentina

Nine train ferries were in use between 1907 and 1990, when bridges were built over the rivers they crossed. They were the Lucía Carbó, the María Parera, the Mercedes Lacroze (these three ferries operating between the ports of Zárate and Ibicuy, crossing the Paraná river in the northeast of the Buenos Aires province); then in 1913 were added the Roque Saenz Peña and Javier Ramos Mejía paddlers at Posadas (crossing the Paraná river in the southwest of the Misiones province, in the north of the country) and then, in 1928, three other ferries were built: the Delfina Mitre, Dolores de Urquiza and Carmen Avellaneda, replacing the originals which worked the Zárate-Ibicuy crossing. This article is about the second-longest river in South America For the shorter river in Goiás, central Brazil see Paranã River The Paraná River The first two were sunk due to collisions with cargo ships. Two of the most modern are still serving as floating piers in the Zárate region, and some others were sold for conversion to flat barges or were scrapped. The two northern ferries still remain at Posadas, and one of them has a railway museum inside. All the eight old ferries were built by the J. A. Inglis Co. Ltd. , in Pointhouse, Glasgow, Scotland for the Entre Rios Railways Co. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. in Argentina. The ninth ferry, the Tabare, was built in Argentina in 1966 by Astarsa (ASTilleros ARgentinos S. A. ) at Rio Santiago Shipbuildings, near La Plata city, at the south of Buenos Aires area. It is still floating, but not operating, at the old docks of Buenos Aires.

Australia

• Grafton, New South Wales over Clarence River pending construction of bridge, 1920s to 1930s. Grafton is the commercial hub of the Clarence River Valleywhich has a population approaching 20000 The Clarence River is situated in northeastern New South Wales, Australia.

• The Port Lincoln division is isolated from the main system by desert and is very roundabout, and rolling stock is transferred as required by ship or by road low loaders. Port Lincoln (postcode 5606 is a city in the Australian state of South Australia.

Azerbaijan

• Baku - Krasnovodsk (Russian: Паромная переправа Баку — Туркменбаши), connecting Azerbaijan with Turkmenistan across the Caspian Sea since 1963. Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan Türkmenbaşy is a city in Turkmenistan, part of the Balkan Province, on the Krasnovodsk Gulf of the Caspian Sea. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Turkmenistan ( Türkmenistan; also known as Turkmenia) is a Turkic country in Central Asia. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. In May 2008 they decided to buy a new longer ferry. International holidays May 1 - Labour Day ( Pakistan) May 1 - Labour Day ( Singapore) ^[3]

Bangladesh

• from Balashi Ghat to Bahadurabad Ghat^[4] - 1000mm gauge.

Bolivia

• link from Peru - 1435mm and 1000mm gauges at each end. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America.

Brazil

• See Paraguay

Bulgaria

• The Varna-Odesa (Ukraine) train ferry line served by 4 boats (13,000 metric tons of deadweight (DWT) each, carrying 108 loaded railroad cars) opened in 1978, bypasses a break of gauge. Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only Varna (Варна is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, third-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight and variously abbreviated as DWT, D With railways a break-of-gauge is where a line of one gauge meets a line of a different gauge Later, the service was extended to include lines to Poti and Batumi, Georgia. Poti (ფოთი is a Port city in Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Batumi (ბათუმი formerly Batum or Batoum) is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and Capital of Adjara, an Autonomous Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Boats can carry trucks and passengers as well.

Canada

A railbarge is a variation of a train ferry that consists of barges pushed by a tug. A railroad car float is an unpowered Barge with Rail tracks mounted on its deck

In Use

• Prince Rupert, British Columbia - Whittier, Alaska (AquaTrain)
• Delta, British Columbia - Nanaimo, British Columbia (E and N Railway)
• Matane, Quebec - Baie Comeau, Quebec (COGEMA)

Former car floats

• various inland lakes of British Columbia (CN and CPR)
• Port Maitland, Ontario - Erie, Pennsylvania (TH&B Railway)
• Port Burwell, Ontario - Ashtabula, Ohio (CN)
• Cobourg, Ontario - Rochester, New York (Ontario Car Company)
• Sarnia, Ontario - Port Huron, Michigan - rail-barge - (CN, until the opening of the Paul Tellier Tunnel)
• Windsor, Ontario - Detroit, Michigan (Grand Trunk, CN, CPR, Michigan Central, Wabash, until 1980s)

Former train ferries

• Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick - Borden Carleton, Prince Edward Island (Canadian Government Railways, CN, CN Marine, Marine Atlantic), using the MV Abegweit and MV John Hamilton Gray. Prince Rupert is a port city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Whittier is a city in the Valdez-Cordova Census Area in the U Delta is a district municipality in British Columbia, and forms part of Metro Vancouver. Matane is a city on the Gaspé Peninsula on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River at the mouth of the Baie-Comeau Québec ( 2006 city population 22554 UA population 10178 CA population 29808 is a town A railroad car float is an unpowered Barge with Rail tracks mounted on its deck British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C There is also a Port Maitland in the province of Nova Scotia; see Port Maitland Nova Scotia. Port Burwell is a community on the north shore of Lake Erie, in the municipality of Bayham in Elgin County, Ontario, Canada. Ashtabula is a City in Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States, and the center of the Ashtabula Micropolitan Statistical Area (as defined Cobourg (2006 population 18210 is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located 110km east of Toronto. Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York State, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Sarnia is a City in Southwestern Ontario, Canada (city population 71419 census area population Port Huron is a city in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census the city had a population of 32338 with a 2006 estimate of 31302 The St Clair Tunnel is the name for two separate rail tunnels which were built under the St Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Cape Tormentine is a Canadian rural community in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. Borden-Carleton is a Canadian village located on the south shore of Prince Edward Island, fronting on the Northumberland Strait. Canadian Government Railways (CGR was the legal name used between 1915&ndash1918 for all federal government-owned railways in Canada. CN Marine was a Canadian Ferry company headquartered in Moncton, New Brunswick. Marine Atlantic Inc (fr Marine Atlantique) is an independent Canadian Crown corporation offering Ferry services between the provinces of The motor vessel Abegweit was the name for two different icebreaking railway, vehicle and passenger ferries which operated across the Ferry service The MV John Hamilton Gray was launched in May 1965 as hull 349 at the Davie shipyard in Lauzon, Quebec and towed to the Marine Service ended when rail service on Prince Edward Island was discontinued in 1989. See Prince Edward Island Railway for more information. The Prince Edward Island Railway (PEIR was a historic Canadian railway. )
• Mulgrave, Nova Scotia - Point Tupper, Nova Scotia (Intercolonial, CN, until the opening of the Canso Causeway in 1955)
• North Sydney, Nova Scotia - Port aux Basques, Newfoundland (CN, CN Marine). Mulgrave is a Town on the Strait of Canso in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia, Canada Point Tupper is a small rural community located in western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia on the Strait of Canso. The Canso Causeway is a 1385 m (4583 ft rock-fill Causeway in Nova Scotia, Canada. North Sydney (2001 pop 6775 is a community in Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Channel-Port aux Basques (also Port aux Basques) is a town at the extreme southwestern tip of the island of Newfoundland Service commenced in 1965 carrying standard-gauge rolling stock. A dual-gauge yard in Port aux Basques was used for classification and rolling stock had trucks exchanged with narrow gauge trucks. Dual-gauge or mixed-gauge Railway is a special configuration of railway track, allowing trains of different gauges to use the same track A bogie (ˈboʊgi (BŌ-gē is a Wheeled wagon or trolley In mechanics terms a bogie is a Chassis or framework carrying wheels attached to a vehicle Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the Rail gauge. Service ended when the Newfoundland section of Canadian National Railway was closed in 1988. See Newfoundland Railway for more information. The Newfoundland Railway was a railway which operated on the island of Newfoundland from 1898 to 1988 )

China

• Zhanjiang, Guangdong and Haikou, Hainan - connects mainland with island. Zhanjiang (湛江 French Fort-Bayard) is a Prefecture-level city in Guangdong province in southeast China. Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the Haikou ( Pinyin: Hǎikǒu situated at the north of Hainan island is the Capital of Hainan Province of the People's Republic of China Hainan ( POJ: Hai-lam Pinyin:, Jyutping: hoi2 naam4 literal meaning "South of the Sea" is the smallest province of the People's
• Yantai in Shandong Province to Dalian in Liaoning Province - a short cut - (opening 2007). Administration The Prefecture-level city of Yantai administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 7 county-level cities ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. ^[5]
• Yangtze River in Wuhan before construction of first river bridge. ( is the capital of Hubei province and is the most populous city in central People's Republic of China.

Cuba

Note: all auto and rail ferry services have been suspended between the United States and Cuba due to the ongoing United States embargo against Cuba. The United States Embargo Against Cuba (described in Cuba as el bloqueo, Spanish for "the Blockade " is an economic commercial and

• Palm Beach - Havana, Cuba. Palm Beach is an upscale Incorporated town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la
• Miami - Havana, Cuba
• New Orleans - Havana, Cuba

Denmark

In use:

• Frederikshavn - Göteborg, Sweden, 1987 - , freight only
• Rødby - Puttgarden, Germany across Fehmarn Belt. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Frederikshavn (originally named Fladstrand) is a Danish town in Frederikshavn municipality, Region Nordjylland on the northeast coast of Gothenburg ( Swedish:) /jœte'bɔrj/ is a city, a municipality, and an urban area on the west-coast of Sweden. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Rødby is a town and a former municipality ( Danish, kommune) on the island of Lolland in Denmark. Puttgarden is a ferry harbour on the German island of Fehmarn. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Fehmarn ( Danish: Femern or Femer) is an island and - since 2003 - a town on this island in the Baltic Sea, off the eastern coast of 1963 - , serves 6 passenger trains/day Copenhagen - Hamburg. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Night trains and freight trains go over the Great Belt Bridge instead from 1998. The Great Belt Fixed Link (Storebæltsforbindelsen is the Fixed link between the Danish islands of Zealand and Funen across the Great Belt

Former:

• Strib - Fredericia, 1872–1935, replaced by Little Belt Bridge
• Korsør - Nyborg, 1883–1997, replaced by Great Belt fixed link
• Oddesund Syd - Oddesund Nord, 1883–1938, replaced by Oddesund Bridge
• Masnedø - Orehoved, 1884–1937, replaced by Storstrøm Bridge
• Glyngøre - Nykøbing Mors, 1889–1977
• Helsingør - Helsingborg, Sweden, 1892–2000, since then car ferry only
• Copenhagen Frihavn - Malmö, Sweden, 1895–2000, replaced by Øresund bridge
• Gedser - Warnemünde, Germany, 1903–1995, replaced by car ferry Gedser - Rostock, Germany
• Faaborg - Mommark, 1922–1962, freight only
• Assens - Aarøsund, 1923–1950, freight only, narrow gauge (1000 mm)
• Svendborg - Rudkøbing, 1926–1962, freight only
• Hvalpsund - Sundsøre, 1927–1969, since then car ferry only
• Svendborg - Ærøskøbing, 1931–1994, freight only
• Gedser - Großenbrode Kai, Germany, 1951–1963, replaced by Rodby - Puttgarden Ferry
• Hirtshals - Kristiansand, Norway, 1960–1991, freight only
• Copenhagen Frihavn - Helsingborg, Sweden (Danlink) 1986–2000, freight only

Egypt

A ferry, though not necessarily a train ferry, links the 1435 mm gauge network of Egypt and the 1067 mm network of Sudan. Strib is also the nickname of the Minneapolis Star Tribune Strib is a Town in Funen County, Denmark. Fredericia is a town located in Fredericia municipality in the eastern part of the Jutland peninsula in Denmark, in a sub-region known locally as The Little Belt Bridge (Gamle Lillebæltsbro also known as The Old Little Belt Bridge, is a Truss Bridge over the Little Belt strait Korsør is a Danish town and port located out to the Great Belt on the Zealand side just south of where the Great Belt Bridge lands Nyborg is a city in central Denmark, located in Nyborg municipality on the island of Funen. The Great Belt Fixed Link (Storebæltsforbindelsen is the Fixed link between the Danish islands of Zealand and Funen across the Great Belt Oddesund is a strait in the Danish Limfjorden. A bridge spans the fjord connecting the mainland of Jutland with Thy. Oddesund is a strait in the Danish Limfjorden. A bridge spans the fjord connecting the mainland of Jutland with Thy. Oddesund is a strait in the Danish Limfjorden. A bridge spans the fjord connecting the mainland of Jutland with Thy. Masnedø is a Danish island between Zealand and Falster. The island covers an area of 1 Storstrøm Bridge ( Danish, Storstrømsbroen) is a road and railway Arch bridge that crosses Storstrømmen between the islands of Nykøbing Mors is the largest town on the Danish Limfjord island of Mors. Elsinore redirects here For other places and things named Elsinore see Elsinore (disambiguation. Helsingborg (between 1912 and 1971 spelled Hälsingborg) is a city in Scania in the southernmost part of Sweden, which has a population "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Oresund Bridge ( Danish Øresundsbroen, Swedish Öresundsbron, joint hybrid name Øresundsbron) is a combined two-track rail Gedser is a town at the southern tip of the Danish island of Falster in Guldborgsund municipality, Region Sjælland, and the southernmost Warnemünde (vaʁnəˈmʏndə meaning Warnow mouth is a sea resort and district of Rostock in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, situated on the Baltic Sea in the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Gedser is a town at the southern tip of the Danish island of Falster in Guldborgsund municipality, Region Sjælland, and the southernmost Rostock (ˈʁɔstɔk from Polabian Roz toc, literally "to flow apart" is the largest City in the north German state Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Faaborg or Fåborg is a city with 7222 inhabitants (2008 located in Faaborg-Midtfyn municipality on the island of Funen. Assens may refer to Assens Denmark Assens Switzerland Aarøsund is a village in south-eastern Denmark situated in the region of Sønderjylland 15 Kilometres east of Haderslev. Svendborg is a city in central Denmark, located in Svendborg municipality (population 59040 in 2008 on the island of Funen. Rudkøbing is a town on the island of Langeland in Denmark with approximately 5000 citizens belonging to Langeland municipality (formerly Rudkøbing Sundsøre, a town in Sundsøre municipality of Viborg County, in Denmark. Svendborg is a city in central Denmark, located in Svendborg municipality (population 59040 in 2008 on the island of Funen. Ærøskøbing is a town in central Denmark, located in Ærøskøbing municipality on the island of Ærø. Gedser is a town at the southern tip of the Danish island of Falster in Guldborgsund municipality, Region Sjælland, and the southernmost Großenbrode is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Hirtshals is a town in Hjørring municipality in Region Nordjylland on the north coast of the island of Vendsyssel-Thy at the top of the (formerly "Christianssand" is a city and municipality, and the capital of the county of Vest-Agder, Norway and of the geographical Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Helsingborg (between 1912 and 1971 spelled Hälsingborg) is a city in Scania in the southernmost part of Sweden, which has a population "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation.

Finland

• Turku - Stockholm (see SeaRail). Turku, in Swedish Åbo ( pronounced,) is a city and the original capital of Finland on the southwest coast of Finland at the ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the SeaRail operates a Train ferry for railway freight wagons between Turku, Finland and Stockholm, Sweden.

Germany

In use:

• Mukran - Klaipėda, Lithuania, break-of-gauge, freight only (1986-)
• Puttgarden - Rødby, Denmark, passenger trains only (1963-)
• Rostock - Trelleborg, Sweden, freight only (1994-)
• Sassnitz/Mukran(changed in 1998 from Sassnitz to Mukran) - Trelleborg, Sweden, freight plus one daily passenger train. Sassnitz (ˈzasnɪts (before 1993 in Saßnitz is a town on the Jasmund peninsula Rügen Island in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Klaipėda ( ˈklaɪpɛdə Memel is a City in Lithuania situated at the mouth of the Curonian Lagoon where it flows into the Baltic Sea Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the With railways a break-of-gauge is where a line of one gauge meets a line of a different gauge Puttgarden is a ferry harbour on the German island of Fehmarn. Rødby is a town and a former municipality ( Danish, kommune) on the island of Lolland in Denmark. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Rostock (ˈʁɔstɔk from Polabian Roz toc, literally "to flow apart" is the largest City in the north German state Trelleborg is the southernmost city in Sweden and the seat of Trelleborg Municipality in Skåne County. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Sassnitz (ˈzasnɪts (before 1993 in Saßnitz is a town on the Jasmund peninsula Rügen Island in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sassnitz (ˈzasnɪts (before 1993 in Saßnitz is a town on the Jasmund peninsula Rügen Island in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sassnitz (ˈzasnɪts (before 1993 in Saßnitz is a town on the Jasmund peninsula Rügen Island in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sassnitz (ˈzasnɪts (before 1993 in Saßnitz is a town on the Jasmund peninsula Rügen Island in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Trelleborg is the southernmost city in Sweden and the seat of Trelleborg Municipality in Skåne County. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. (1909-)

Former:

Bonn–Oberkassel train ferry

• Bodensee (1869–1976)
• Elbe: Lauenburg – Hohnstorf (1864–1878)
• Elbe: Köhlbrand, Hamburg (???–1974)
• Rhine: Worms – Rosengarten (1870–1900)
• Rhine: Bingen – Rüdesheim am Rhein (1861–1900)
• Rhine: Bonn – Oberkassel (1870–1914)
• Rhine: Rheinhausen – Hochfeld (1866–1874)
• Rhine: Ruhrort – Homberg (1852–1912)
• Rhine: Spyck (near Emmerich) – Welle (near Kleve) (1865–1912)
• Grossenbrode - Fehmarnsund (1903–1963)
• Grossenbrode - Gedser (1951–1963)

Georgia

• Russia to Georgia, bypasses Abkhazia. The Bonn–Oberkassel train ferry was a German Train ferry operated by the Rheinische Eisenbahngesellschaft (Rhine Railway from 1870 to connect its Under the designation Lake Constance or Lake of Constance ( German Bodensee) one summarizes the three independent bodies of water Obersee The Elbe ( die Elbe Low German: de Ilv) is one of the major Rivers of Central Europe. The Elbe ( die Elbe Low German: de Ilv) is one of the major Rivers of Central Europe. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River Rosengarten is a town in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Bingen am Rhein (or Bingen or Bingen on the Rhine) is a city located at the junction of the rivers Rhine and Nahe in the district of Mainz-Bingen Rüdesheim is a town in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Bonn–Oberkassel train ferry was a German Train ferry operated by the Rheinische Eisenbahngesellschaft (Rhine Railway from 1870 to connect its The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Rheinhausen (ʁaɪnˈhaʊzən is a district of the city of Duisburg in Germany, with a population of 79566 ( December 31, 2004) and an The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Ruhrort is a district within the German city of Duisburg situated north of the confluence of the Ruhr and the Rhine, in the western part of the Ruhr The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Emmerich may refer to Emmerich am Rhein, German city as German surname: Andreas Emmerich (1739- Cleves redirects here for the Duchy of Cleves and the conjoined states of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, see those articles Großenbrode is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Großenbrode is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Gedser is a town at the southern tip of the Danish island of Falster in Guldborgsund municipality, Region Sjælland, and the southernmost Abkhazia (Аҧсны Apsny აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti Абха́зия Abhazia) is a De facto

Iran

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and upheavals along the railway route through Armenia and Azerbaijan, Iran and Russia instituted a ferry service over the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea.

Italy

• Calabria-Sicily and vice versa: between the ports of Villa San Giovanni in the Region of Calabria and Messina in the Region of Sicily - passenger and freight service. Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Villa San Giovanni is a town in the Province of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy.
• Mainland to Sardinia: between the ports of Civitavecchia and Golfo Aranci - freight service only. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) Civitavecchia is a town and Comune of the Province of Rome in the central Italian region of Latium. Golfo Aranci (Figari is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Olbia-Tempio in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 200 km

Both services are operated by Bluvia that is a subsidiary company of Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI is an Italian company fully owned by Ferrovie dello Stato. At present the link between Mainland and Sicily has a regular and frequent activity, while the link between Mainland and Sardinia is less frequent and operated basically day by day on the basis of the actual traffic demand.

An unofficial web page about the Italian rail ferries can be found at this link.

Japan

Japan Railways would have had train ferries to link up the main islands before these were replaced by bridges and tunnels.

In 1936 English edition of Annual Report published by the Department of railways, Government of Japan list the following train ferry services:

Wakkanai - Otomari 210 km provided by Aniwa-maru ( 3355 ton ) and Soya-maru ( 3593 ton ).

Aomori - Hakodate 160 km provided by Shoho-maru ( 3461 ton ), Hiran-maru ( 3460 ton ), Tsugaru-maru ( 3485 ton ), Matsumae-maru ( 3430 ton ), Daiichi Seikan-maru ( 2326 ton ), Daini-maru ( 2493 ton ).

Uno - Takamatsu 25 km provided by Sanyo-maru ( 530 ton ), Nankai-maru ( 544 ton ), Mizushima-maru ( 342 ton ), Daiichi Uko-maru ( 323 ton ), Matzuke-maru ( 76 ton ), Koki-maru ( 52 ton ).

Shimonoseki - Fusan 240 km provided by Keifuko-maru ( 3621 ton ), Tokaju-maru ( 3620 ton ), Shokei-maru ( 3621 ton ), Shiragi-maru ( 3036 ton ), Taki-maru ( 1235 ton ).

Shimonoseki - Moji 15 km provided by Buzan-maru ( 405 ton ), Chosui-maru ( 393 ton ), Moji-maru ( 388 ton ), Shimonoseki-maru ( 528 ton ).

Miyajima - Itsukushima 5 km provided by Misen-maru ( 177 ton ), Nanaura-maru ( 181 ton ).

In addition to above mentioned services there were five steam ships plying between Shimonoseki - Komorie, a port of northern Kyushu, chiefly for goods transferred to and from Kyushu. In addition, there were three harbour ships ( fitted with rails ) of smaller type in Wakkanai, one each at Tsugura, Takamatsu and Osaka harbours, six in Shimonoseki, three in Mojo, three in Fusan ( Chosen / Korea ), four in Aomori Bay, six in Hakodate, and one each in Temiya ( Otaru Harbour ), and Muroran.

Awanakahara - Shimmachibashi service. On account of the whole Kotoku line including Awanakahara - Shimmmachibashi section being inaugurated on March 20,1935, the rail ferry service on this section was discontinued on that day. From that date Osaka-maru, Myoken-maru, Ebisu-maru and Bekku-maru were withdrawn from service and placed in reserve for possible emergency use in addition to former Wakkanai - Otomari train ferry Tamura-maru.

Lithuania

• Klaipėda, 1520 mm - Mukran, Germany, 1435 mm (1986-)

Mexico

• Central Gulf Railroad, connecting the Port of Mobile and Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico. Klaipėda ( ˈklaɪpɛdə Memel is a City in Lithuania situated at the mouth of the Curonian Lagoon where it flows into the Baltic Sea Sassnitz (ˈzasnɪts (before 1993 in Saßnitz is a town on the Jasmund peninsula Rügen Island in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Port of Mobile, located in Mobile, Alabama, United States, is the only deep-water port in the state and was the 10th largest in the nation in 2006 Coatzacoalcos is a major port city in the southern part of the Mexican state of Veracruz, on the Coatzacoalcos River. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. It is served by the Burlington Northern Railroad, Canadian National Railway, CSX Transportation, Kansas City Southern Railway, and the Norfolk Southern Railway. The Burlington Northern Railroad was a United States -based Railroad company operating between 1970 and 1996 Kansas City Southern (, is the Parent company of many Railroads and railroad related companies This article is about the present railroad formed in 1990 For the former regional railroad in Virginia and North Carolina a small part of the new one see Norfolk Southern ^[6]

New Zealand

• The North Island to the South Island - two ferries - operated by the Interisland Line between Wellington and Picton. The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, the other being the South Island. The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the more populous North Island. Toll Shipping, part of Toll Holdings, operates shipping services between the isalnd of Tasmania and mainland Australia. The ferries are capable of carrying both rail and road vehicles on two separate decks (except the MV Kaitaki). History The ship was built at Van der Giessen de Noord shipyard in the Netherlands, and was launched in 1995 as the Isle of Innisfree

Norway

The Tinnsjø railway ferry, Norway. Tinnsjø railway ferry was a Norwegian Railway ferry service on the lake Tinnsjø that connected the railways of Rjukanbanen and Tinnosbanen

• Historically the lake Tinnsjø railway ferry (1909 – 1991) linked Tinnosbanen and Rjukanbanen, transporting goods to and from Rjukan and the Norsk Hydro heavy water factory, as seen in the movie The Heroes of Telemark, starring Kirk Douglas. Tinnsjø railway ferry was a Norwegian Railway ferry service on the lake Tinnsjø that connected the railways of Rjukanbanen and Tinnosbanen Rjukan is a city and the administrative center of Tinn municipality in Telemark. Norsk Hydro ASA (,) is a Norwegian Aluminium and Renewable energy company headquartered in Oslo. Heavy water is water which contains a higher proportion than normal of the Isotope Deuterium, as deuterium oxide, D2O or ²H2O The Heroes of Telemark is a 1965 War film directed by Anthony Mann based on the story of the Norwegian heavy water sabotage during Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9,
• Hirtshals - Kristiansand, Norway, 1960–1991, freight only

Paraguay

• Link to Argentina - replaced by bridge c1985. Hirtshals is a town in Hjørring municipality in Region Nordjylland on the north coast of the island of Vendsyssel-Thy at the top of the (formerly "Christianssand" is a city and municipality, and the capital of the county of Vest-Agder, Norway and of the geographical Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.

Encarnacion - Posadas

Peru

• Link to Bolivia via train barge across Lake Titicaca. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Lake Titicaca is a lake located on the border of Bolivia and Peru. Barge Manco Capac is equipped with dual gauge tracks for both Peruvian standard gauge and Bolivian meter gauge. There is a small amount of trackage at either end of the route from Puno in Peru or Guaqui in Bolivia that has dual gauge in use. Car loading and unloading are done at docks. British built Steamship Ollanta is not maintained for operations on Lake Titicaca at Puno anymore. Peru Rail, in charge of the vessel is trying to develop a tourist project soon. ^[7]

Russia

Black Sea

• Port Kavkaz to Port Krym (Ukraine), across the Kerch Strait. Port Kavkaz (Порт Кавказ is a small harbour on the Kerch Strait in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Port Krym (Порт Крим Порт Крым Qırım Limanı - literally Port Crimea) is a Port in Ukraine. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Cimmerian Bosporus redirects here For the ancient state see Bosporan Kingdom; for its rulers see Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus. Operated from 1953 to 1993. In 2004, service restored as a car ferry so far; possibility of carrying rail cars is studied as well. ^[8]
• January 2008 - More train ferry routes^[9]

Pacific Ocean

• Vanino - Kholmsk, connecting Sakhalin Island with the mainland. Vanino may refer to Vanino Khabarovsk Krai, an urban-type settlement in Khabarovsk Krai Russia Vanino Kirov Oblast, a village in Kirov Kholmsk (Холмск is a town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, the administrative center of Kholmsky District. Sakhalin (Сахали́н səxʌˈlʲin Japanese:nihongo|樺太|karafuto or; Chinese: 庫頁 Kùyè also Saghalien, is a large elongated (Since 1973).

Caspian Sea

• Baku, Azerbaijan to Turkmenbashi, Kazakhstan ^[10]

The Caspian Shipping Company (Kaspar) has 7 train ferries and is building two more. Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan Transportation in Azerbaijan Railways total 2125 km in common carrier service does not include industrial lines broad gauge Railways total 14400 km in common carrier service does not include industrial lines broad gauge 14400 km 1 ^[11]

See Iran.

Sri Lanka

A ferry though not necessarily a train ferry links India and Sri Lanka over a narrow and shallow stretch of water.

Sudan

A ferry, though not necessarily a train ferry, links the 1435 mm gauge network of Egypt and the 1067 mm network of Sudan, across the Nile River. The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River

Another ferry used to operate between Juba, Sudan and Pakwach, Uganda, also along the Nile River. Juba is a city in Sudan, the regional capital of Southern Sudan and the capital of the Sudanese state of Central Equatoria. Pakwach is a town in northwestern Uganda Railways It is the country’s railhead on the White Nile not far north of the outlet from Lake Albert. The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River

Sweden

In use:

• Ystad - Swinoujscie, Poland (1974–2008, when it will be replaced by Trelleborg - Swinoujscie)
• Gothenburg - Frederikshavn, Denmark (1987 -)
• Trelleborg - Rostock, Germany (1996 -)
• Trelleborg - Mukran, Germany, (1998-) operated by Scandlines
• Stockholm - Turku, Finland

All are for freight trains (and road vehicles) only, except that there is a nightly passenger train service between Malmö, Sweden and Berlin, Germany over Trelleborg - Mukran. Ystad is a city with a population of 17286 (2005 in the traditional province of Scania in Świnoujście (Swinemünde is a City and seaport on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon, located in the extreme north-west of Poland Gothenburg ( Swedish:) /jœte'bɔrj/ is a city, a municipality, and an urban area on the west-coast of Sweden. Frederikshavn (originally named Fladstrand) is a Danish town in Frederikshavn municipality, Region Nordjylland on the northeast coast of Trelleborg is the southernmost city in Sweden and the seat of Trelleborg Municipality in Skåne County. Rostock (ˈʁɔstɔk from Polabian Roz toc, literally "to flow apart" is the largest City in the north German state Trelleborg is the southernmost city in Sweden and the seat of Trelleborg Municipality in Skåne County. Sassnitz (ˈzasnɪts (before 1993 in Saßnitz is a town on the Jasmund peninsula Rügen Island in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Scandlines is a major German - Danish Ferry operator It consists of a parent company Scandlines AG, and under this parent ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Turku, in Swedish Åbo ( pronounced,) is a city and the original capital of Finland on the southwest coast of Finland at the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

Former:

• Helsingør, Denmark - Helsingborg (1892–2000)
• Copenhagen, Denmark - Helsingborg (1992? - 2000), freight only
• Copenhagen, Denmark - Malmö (1895–1986)
• Saßnitz, Germany - Trelleborg, (1909–1998)
• Trelleborg - Gdansk, Poland (1946)
• Trelleborg - Gdynia, Poland (1947–1950)
• Trelleborg - Odra Port, Poland (1950–1954)
• Trelleborg - Warnemünde, the GDR (1948–1953)
• Bergkvara - Mörbylånga, normal gauge 1435 mm between 1067 mm in Bergkvara and 891 mm in Mörbylånga (1953–1955)
• Kalmar - Färjestaden, narrow gauge 891 mm (1957–1962)
• Stockholm - Naantali, Finland (1967–1972)
• Malmö - Travemünde, Germany (from mid 80'ies till a few years ago)

Tanzania

See Uganda. Elsinore redirects here For other places and things named Elsinore see Elsinore (disambiguation. Helsingborg (between 1912 and 1971 spelled Hälsingborg) is a city in Scania in the southernmost part of Sweden, which has a population Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Sassnitz (ˈzasnɪts (before 1993 in Saßnitz is a town on the Jasmund peninsula Rügen Island in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Trelleborg is the southernmost city in Sweden and the seat of Trelleborg Municipality in Skåne County. Warnemünde (vaʁnəˈmʏndə meaning Warnow mouth is a sea resort and district of Rostock in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, situated on the Baltic Sea in the Mörbylånga is a town on the southern part of the island of Öland, Sweden, and the seat of Mörbylånga Municipality in Kalmar County Kalmar is a city in Småland in the south-east of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. Färjestaden is located in the southern part on the island of Öland and is named after the ferries that used to be the only connection to the mainland ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Naantali (ˈnɑːntɑli (Swedish Nådendal) is a city in south-western Finland, known as one of the most important tourist centres of the Travemünde is a borough of Lübeck, Germany, located at the mouth of river Trave in Lübeck Bay.

Turkey

• Bosphorus - train ferry connects the European railway network with main connections from Thessaloniki, Greece and Bucharest, Romania terminating at the Sirkeci Terminal to the Asian network terminating at the Haydarpaşa Terminal. The Bosporus or Bosphorus, also known as the Istanbul Strait, (İstanbul Boğazı (Βόσπορος is a Strait that forms the boundary between the Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Thessalonica, or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Istanbul Sirkeci ( Sirkeci Garı) is a terminus main station of the Turkish State Railways (TCDD in Sirkeci, on the European part of Istanbul Istanbul Haydarpaşa is a terminus main station of the Turkish State Railways (TCDD in Haydarpaşa close to Kadiköy at the Anatolian part of This train ferry is for freight. Passengers use passenger ferries. The current Marmaray project, expected to be complete in 2009, will replace the ferry connection with an underwater railway tunnel running between the two sides. Marmaray is an undersea Rail tunnel being constructed to link the European and Asian halves of Istanbul, running under the Bosphorus strait
• Black Sea - Ilyichevsk, Ukraine to Derince, Turkey bypasses a break of gauge

• Lake Van - Tatvan - Van. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Illichivsk (Іллічівськ translit Illichivs’k, Ильичёвск is a port City in the Odessa Oblast ( province) of south-western Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Derince is a district of Kocaeli Province of Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches With railways a break-of-gauge is where a line of one gauge meets a line of a different gauge Lake Van (Van Gölü Gola Wanê Վանա լիճ Daryacheye Van ("Lake of Van" is the largest Lake The Istanbul - Tehran and Damascus - Tehran passenger trains operate from each terminus to the ferry ports. Only the luggage van takes the ferry, the passengers have to switch trains at either end. The Lake Van Ferry is part of the planned Trans-Asian Railway, Istanbul - Singapore. The Trans-Asian Railway (TAR is a project to create an integrated freight Railway network across Europe and Asia A scheduled freight train runs from Istanbul to Kazakhstan. The Train Ferry was established to avoid an expensive railroad line along the mountainous southern shore and may be replaced when traffic increases sufficiently. There ferry route is 96km long while a rail alternative on the north side would be 250km long in mountainous terrain. There are two ferries of 16 coach capacity capable of making 3 trips per day each. ^[12]

• M/F Erdeniz is a train ferry that carries wagons between Eregli and Zonguldak ports. Karadeniz Ereğli is a city and district in Zonguldak Province of Turkey, on the Black Sea shore at the mouth of the Kılıçsu River. Zonguldak (Sandraka is a city and the capital of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The vessel operates every day except Sunday. The vessel is operated by Erdemir Logistics.

Uganda

• A train ferry on Lake Victoria links the 1000 mm gauge network of the Uganda Railway in Port Bell with the 1000 mm gauge network of Tanzania in Mwanza. Lake Victoria or Victoria Nyanza (also known as Ukerewe and Nalubaale) is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. The Uganda Railway is a historical Railway system linking the interiors of Uganda and Kenya to the Indian Ocean at Mombasa in Port Bell is a small industrial centre near Kampala in Uganda which has a rail link and a rail/road Ferry Wharf used for international Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya Mwanza is a city in northwest Tanzania and a southern Port of Lake Victoria. In June 2008, the Ugandan budget allocated $US8. 5m for an additional train ferry for Lake Victoria. Lake Victoria or Victoria Nyanza (also known as Ukerewe and Nalubaale) is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. ^[13]

Ukraine

• Black Sea - see above

United Kingdom

• Harwich to Zeebrugge. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Harwich (ˈhærɪdʒ is a town in Essex England and one of the Haven ports, located on the coast with the North Sea Zeebrugge ( Dutch: Zeebrugge, French: Zeebruges, "Seabruges" in literal translation is a village on the coast of Belgium Belgium - closed in 1987. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those
• The Night Ferry from Dover to Dunkerque, France. The Night Ferry was a sleeper train between London Victoria and Paris Gare du Nord (and later Brussels) Dover is a town and major ferry port in the county of Kent, England. Dunkirk ( French: Dunkerque, dœ̃kɛʀk or; Dutch:; is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Closed 31 October 1980, - replaced by the Channel Tunnel. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) The Channel Tunnel (Le tunnel sous la Manche also known as the Chunnel, is a undersea rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent in England with [1]

United States

In use:

• The New York New Jersey Rail LLC (replacing the New York Cross Harbor Railroad), transferring freight cars between Jersey City, New Jersey, and Brooklyn, New York, run as needed. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. This car float still operates because rail cars with flammable and hazardous materials are not permitted in the former Pennsylvania Railroad, now Amtrak, tunnels under the East River, Manhattan and the Hudson River, and because the tunnel clearances of the tunnels are inadequate for most freight cars. A railroad car float is an unpowered Barge with Rail tracks mounted on its deck The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Railroad, founded in 1846 The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 A tunnel is an underground passageway The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon The East River is a tidal Strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami The structure gauge, also called the minimum clearance outline, is the minimum size of Tunnels and Bridges as well as the minimum size of the doors that allow The New York Tunnel Extension (also New York Improvement and Tunnel Extension) owned by the Pennsylvania Tunnel and Terminal Railroad, was an important A railroad car or railway carriage is a Vehicle on a rail transport system (railroad or railway that is used for the carrying of Cargo or
• The Alaska Railroad is connected to the rest of the North American rail system only via train ferries. The Alaska Railroad is a Class II railroad which extends from Seward and Whittier, in the south of the state of Alaska, in the United States The Alaska Railroad runs its own ferries from Whittier, Alaska to Seattle, Washington, and the Canadian National Railway operates its AquaTrain between Whittier and Prince Rupert, British Columbia. Whittier is a city in the Valdez-Cordova Census Area in the U Prince Rupert is a port city in the province of British Columbia, Canada.
• Lake Michigan Ludington, Michigan to Manitowoc, Kewaunee or Milwaukee, Wisconsin served by the Pere Marquette Railroad and successor Chesapeake and Ohio or Chessie System with the ships SS City of Midland 41 of 1940, SS Spartan and the SS Badger, both built in 1953. Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Ludington is a city in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 8357 The SS City of Midland 41 was a Railroad car ferry serving the Ludington Michigan, to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, route for The Badger is now used as a automobile ferry between Manitowoc, Wisconsin, and Ludington, Michigan and represents one of the last large coal-burning passenger-carrying steamers in the world. Manitowoc (ˈmænɨtəˌwɑk is a city in and the County seat of Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States. Ludington is a city in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 8357
• Central Gulf Railroad, connecting the Port of Mobile and Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico. The Port of Mobile, located in Mobile, Alabama, United States, is the only deep-water port in the state and was the 10th largest in the nation in 2006 The Port of Mobile, located in Mobile, Alabama, United States, is the only deep-water port in the state and was the 10th largest in the nation in 2006 Coatzacoalcos is a major port city in the southern part of the Mexican state of Veracruz, on the Coatzacoalcos River. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. It is served by the Burlington Northern Railroad, Canadian National Railway, CSX Transportation, Kansas City Southern Railway, and the Norfolk Southern Railway. The Burlington Northern Railroad was a United States -based Railroad company operating between 1970 and 1996 Kansas City Southern (, is the Parent company of many Railroads and railroad related companies This article is about the present railroad formed in 1990 For the former regional railroad in Virginia and North Carolina a small part of the new one see Norfolk Southern ^[6]

Former:

• Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal used so-called carfloats. The Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal (BEDT was a Rail-Marine Terminal with its main facilities and administrative offices located on 86-88 Kent Avenue in the Williamsburg A railroad car float is an unpowered Barge with Rail tracks mounted on its deck
• Lake Michigan Frankfort, Michigan to Manitowoc, Kewaunee, Marinette, Wisconsin or Manistique, Michigan was the Ann Arbor Railroad's Lake Michigan car ferry service that discontinued in the 1980s. Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Frankfort is a city in Benzie County in the US state of Michigan. Ann Arbor operated the Viking and Arthur K. Atkinson as the final ships on the fleet. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Arthur K Atkinson was president of the Wabash Railroad in the mid-20th century
• Lake Michigan Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Muskegon or Grand Haven, Michigan was the Lake Michigan car ferry service of the Grand Trunk Western Railroad which was run by its subsidiary company Grand Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry Company. Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. The Grand Trunk Western Railroad is an important subsidiary of the Canadian National Railway (CN The Grand Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry Company was the Grand Trunk Western Railroad 's ( AAR Reporting mark GTW subsidiary company operating its Lake Its fleet included five ships including the SS City of Milwaukee, built in 1931. [2]
• Straits of Mackinac: Mackinaw City, Michigan to St. Ignace, Michigan, performed by the SS Chief Wawatam (carferries.com) at the Straits of Mackinac connecting Michigan's Upper and Lower Peninsulas. The Straits of Mackinac (ˈmækɨnɔː like MACK-in-aw note the silent "c" is the strip of water that connects two of the Great Lakes, Lake Michigan Mackinaw City is a village in Emmet and Cheboygan counties in the U Saint Ignace, usually written as St Ignace, is a city in the U SS Chief Wawatam was a coal-fired Train ferry and Icebreaker that operated in the Straits of Mackinac in 1911-1984 The Straits of Mackinac (ˈmækɨnɔː like MACK-in-aw note the silent "c" is the strip of water that connects two of the Great Lakes, Lake Michigan
• Chesapeake Bay - Bay Coast Railroad from Norfolk, VA to Cape Charles, VA
• San Francisco Bay - The San Francisco Belt Railroad had slip at Pier 43 which allowed interchange with the Northwestern Pacific, the Western Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroads. The Chesapeake Bay is the largest Estuary in the United States. The Bay Coast Railroad operates the former Eastern Shore Railroad line from Pocomoke City Maryland, to Norfolk Virginia. Norfolk is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States Cape Charles is a town in Northampton County, Virginia, United States. San Francisco Bay is a shallow productive Estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento The San Francisco Belt Railroad was a Short-line railroad along the Embarcadero in San Francisco, California. The Northwestern Pacific Railroad was a Regional railroad serving the Redwood Empire of Northern California. The Western Pacific Railroad was a Class I Railroad in the United States. The Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, often abbreviated as Santa Fe, was one of the larger railroads in the United States.
• Suisun Bay - The Central Pacific Railroad built a ferry that operated between Benicia and Port Costa, California from 1879 to 1930. Suisun Bay (pronounced "soo-soon" is a shallow Tidal estuary located at in central California, USA. The Central Pacific Railroad was the California-to-Utah portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in North America Benicia is a waterside city in Solano County, California, United States. Port Costa is a Census-designated place (CDP in Contra Costa County, California, United States.
• New York City - Havana, Cuba

Proposed ferries

The Trans-Asian Railway has proposed a few train ferries:

• between Sri Lanka and India
• across the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh
• Penang in Malaysia and Belawan in Sumatra, Indonesia

Portage railways

The opposite of a train ferry is a portage railway. The City of New York Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Trans-Asian Railway (TAR is a project to create an integrated freight Railway network across Europe and Asia A Portage railway is a short and possibly isolated section of Railway used to bypass a section of unnavigable river or between two water bodies which are

• A train ferry overcomes a lack of a land link.
• A portage railway overcomes a lack of a navigable stretch of a river.

For example, before the Panama Canal, the Panama Railway provided a link between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the The Panama Railway or Panama Rail Road is a Railway line that links the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean across Panama in The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions

See also

• Ferry slip (includes examples of rail ferry and barge slips)
• List of road-rail bridges
• Car float
• Special Hunslet locomotive for loading train ferries

References

External links

• Video of a train ferry ride between Germany and Denmark