Tragic Week (in Catalan la Setmana Tràgica, in Spanish la Semana Trágica) (July 25-August 2, 1909) is the name used for a series of bloody confrontations between the army and the working classes of Barcelona and other cities of Catalonia, backed by the anarchists, socialists and republicans, during the last week of July 1909. Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting It was caused by the calling-up of reserve troops by Prime Minister Antonio Maura to be sent as reinforcements when Spain renewed military-colonial activity in Morocco on July 9, in what is known as the Second Rif War. Antonio Maura y Montaner (Antoni Maura i Montaner May 2, 1853 — December 13, 1925) was Prime Minister of Spain on five Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The second Rif War was a conflict in 1909 in Morocco around Melilla.
Minister of War Arsenio Linares y Pombo called up the Third Mixed Brigade of Chasseurs, which was composed of both active and reserve units in Catalonia. Arsenio Linares y Pombo (1848-1914 was a Spanish military man and government official A Chasseur (a French term for "hunter" is the designation given to certain regiments of French light Infantry ( Chasseurs à pied Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Among these were 520 men who had completed active duty six years earlier and who had not anticipated further service. Substitutes could be hired if one did not wish to fight - but this cost 6,000 reales, which was beyond the means of most laborers.
These actions, coupled with anarchist, anti-militarist, and anti-colonial philosophies shared by many in the city (Barcelona would later become a stronghold for the anarchists during the Spanish Civil War), led to the union Solidaridad Obrera, led by a committee of anarchists and socialists, calling a general strike against Maura’s call-up of the reservists on July 26, 1909, a Monday. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Anarchist Catalonia ( July 21, 1936 – February 10, 1939) was the self-proclaimed Stateless territory and Anarchist The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of Solidaridad Obrera ( Spanish, meaning " Workers' Solidarity " originally in Catalan, Solidaritat Obrera) Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting [1] Despite the civil governor, Ossorio y Gallardo, receiving ample warning of the growing discontent, acts of vandalism were provoked by elements called the jóvenes bárbaros (Young Barbarians), who were associated with the Radical Republican Party (Partido Republicano Radical) of Alejandro Lerroux. The Radical Republican Party (Partido Republicano Radical sometimes shortened to the Radical Party was a Spanish political party founded in 1908 by Alejandro Lerroux Alejandro Lerroux García (La Rambla Córdoba, March 4, 1864 - Madrid, June 25, 1949) was a Spanish politician By Tuesday, workers took over Barcelona, halting troop trains and overturning trams. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train By Thursday, there was street fighting, with a general eruption of riots, strikes, the burnings of convents. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism.
Many of the rioters were antimilitarist, anticolonial and anticlerical. The rioters considered the Church to form part of the corrupt bourgeois structure whose sons did not have to go to war, and the flames had been fanned against the Church by anarchist elements within the city. Thus, not only convents were burned, but sepulchers were profaned and graves were emptied, with many of the rioters dancing with the corpses taken out of them. A sepulchre, or sepulcher, is a type of Tomb or Burial chamber
After disturbances in downtown Barcelona, security forces shot at demonstrators in Las Ramblas, resulting in the construction of barricades in the streets and the proclamation of martial law. La Rambla is an iconic and busy street in central Barcelona, popular with both tourists and locals alike The government, declaring a state of war, sent the army to crush the revolt. Barcelonan troops stationed in the city refused to shoot their compatriots, and troops were brought in from Valencia, Zaragoza, Pamplona and Burgos, who finally crushed the revolt, causing dozens of deaths. Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community and former For other meanings see Pamplona (disambiguation. Pamplona ( Basque: Iruñea or Iruña) is the capital city of Navarre History Early man of Neanderthal occupied sites around Burgos as early as 800000 years ago
Aftermath
Police and army casualties were eight dead and 124 wounded. Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia ( January 10 1859 - October 12 1909) (known as Francisco Ferrer y Guardia in Spanish and often Of the civilians, 104-150 (the numbers vary) were reportedly killed. The government's reaction to the riots was not only brutal but arbitrary. Over 1,700 individuals were indicted in military courts for "armed rebellion". Five were sentenced to death and executed (including the Catalan Francesc Ferrer, founder of the Escuela Moderna); 59 received sentences of life imprisonment. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia ( January 10 1859 - October 12 1909) (known as Francisco Ferrer y Guardia in Spanish and often La Escuela Moderna ( Spanish for "The Modern School" was a progressive school that existed briefly at the start of the 20th century in Catalonia ( Alejandro Lerroux fled into exile. Alejandro Lerroux García (La Rambla Córdoba, March 4, 1864 - Madrid, June 25, 1949) was a Spanish politician
General European condemnation in the press was immediate, and King Alfonso XIII, alarmed by the reaction at home and abroad, removed Prime Minister Antonio Maura from power in its wake, replacing him with the liberal Segismundo Moret y Prendergast. Reign Although Alfonso's reign would not end well it began well Antonio Maura y Montaner (Antoni Maura i Montaner May 2, 1853 — December 13, 1925) was Prime Minister of Spain on five Segismundo Moret y Prendergast ( June 2, 1833 - 28 January, 1913) was a Spanish politician and writer
Sources
- (English) Carolyn P. Boyd, Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain, The Library of Iberian Resources Online
- (English) The Tragic Week, Excerpted from the end of Chapter Seven of The Spanish Anarchists by Murray Bookchin
- (Spanish) Historia de conflictos
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic