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See Development control in the United Kingdom for an explanation of how planning control is exercised in the UK. Development Control, Planning Control or Development Management (in Scotland is the element of the United Kingdom 's system of Town and Country Planning

Town and Country Planning is the land use planning system by which governments seeks to maintain a balance between economic development and environmental quality. Land use planning is the term used for a branch of public policy which encompasses various disciplines which seek to order and regulate the use of land in an efficient Each country of the United Kingdom has its own distinct planning system with responsibility for town and country planning devolved to the Welsh Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland administration. Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a State to government at subnational level The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales. The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of

The essential framework for the system was set in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947, with a critical addition in 1955 of green belts, which were introduced via a Government Circular. In United Kingdom town planning, the Green belt is a policy for controlling urban growth The system has not altered much since the Town and Country Planning Act 1947, which repealed all previous legislation, including the first Housing and Town Planning Act 1909, law to which there followed: Housing and Town Planning Act 1919, Town Planning Act 1925 and Town and Country Planning Act 1932.

Current planning legislation for England and Wales is consolidated in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (TCPA 1990). History The Roman occupation of Britain was the first period in which the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit (with the exception The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 was passed to better regulate the way in which large and small scale developments were approved by local authorities in England and Wales Associated with this principal Act are three further Acts related to planning. These four acts were defined as the Planning Acts. England & Wales Four inter-related Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed in 1990 to reform the planning system in England and Wales Parts of these Acts have been replaced or amended by the provisions of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, which received Royal Assent on 13 May 2004. The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 is a piece of a legislation promoted by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, substantially reforming the town planning Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

The relevant Act for Scotland is the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Town and Country Planning (Scotland Act 1997 is the principal piece of Legislation governing the use and development of land within Scotland.

The basic planning law of Northern Ireland is contained in the Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1991

Contents

History

The roots of the UK town and country planning systems, created in the immediate post-war years, lie in concerns developed over the previous half century in response to industrialisation and urbanisation. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing The particular concerns were pollution, urban sprawl and ribbon development. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area Ribbon development means building houses along the roads radiating from a town These concerns were expressed through the work of thinkers such as Ebenezer Howard and the philanthropic actions of industrialists such as the Lever Brothers and the Cadbury family. Sir Ebenezer Howard ( 29 January 1850 – May 1 1928) was a prominent British Urban planner. Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material

By the outbreak of the second world war, thinking was sufficiently advanced that, even during the war a series of Royal commissions looked at the problems of urban planning and development control. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the

These included:

Also, Patrick Abercrombie developed a plan for the reconstruction of London, which envisaged moving 1. Sir Leslie Patrick Abercrombie ( 6 June 1879 in Ashton upon Mersey &mdash 23 March 1957 in Aston Tirrold, Didcot London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. 5 million people from London to new and expanded towns.

The culmination of this intellectual effort were:

The 1947 Act in effect nationalised the right to develop land, requiring all proposals, excepting a small number of specific exclusions, to secure planning permission from their local authority (although provision exists to appeal against refusal). See Development Control for an overall explanation of how control under the Town and Country Planning legislation is operated in the United Kingdom

The Act - the essential nature of which is unchanged - required local authorities to develop Local Plans or Unitary Development Plans to outline what kind of development would be permitted where and to mark special areas on Local Plan Maps. In United Kingdom Planning Law a Local Plan is an old-style development plan prepared by district and other local planning authorities. In United Kingdom Planning Law a Unitary Development Plan (UDP is an old-style development plan prepared by a Metropolitan district and some Unitary Local Authorities It did not introduce a formal system of zoning as used in the USA. Zoning is a term used in Urban planning for a system of land-use Regulation in various parts of the world including North America the United Kingdom The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Counties were expected to develop Structure Plans which set broad targets for the wider area. In United Kingdom planning law a Structure Plan is an old-style development plan, which sets out strategic planning policies and forms the basis for detailed policies Structure Plans were always problematic and were often in the process of being replaced by the time they were formally adopted.

The planning system received a number of alterations consolidated in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (TCPA 1990) . The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 was passed to better regulate the way in which large and small scale developments were approved by local authorities in England and Wales Associated with this principal Act were three further Acts related to planning, namely, The Planning (Listed buildings and conservation areas) Act 1990, the Planning (Hazardous substances) Act 1990, and the Planning (Consequential provisions) Act 1990. The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas Act 1990 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that altered the laws on granting of planning permission The Planning (Hazardous Substances Act 1990 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom to consolidate certain enactments relating to special controls in respect The Planning (Consequential Provisions Act 1990 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom to make provision for repeals consequential amendments transitional These four Acts were referred to as the Planning Acts. England & Wales Four inter-related Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed in 1990 to reform the planning system in England and Wales Almost immediately after parliament passed these Acts, the government had further thoughts on the control of land development which led to the Planning and Compensation Act 1991 which rewrote, with important alterations many of the provisions of the Planning Acts. The Planning and Compensation Act 1991 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom to amend the law relating to Town and country planning; England & Wales Four inter-related Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed in 1990 to reform the planning system in England and Wales

The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 resulted in a number of substantial changes to the English Development Plan system. The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 is a piece of a legislation promoted by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, substantially reforming the town planning It did away with both Structure Plans and Local Plans in favour of Local Development Frameworks (LDFs), which are made up a number of Local Development Documents (LDDs) and Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs). In United Kingdom planning law a Structure Plan is an old-style development plan, which sets out strategic planning policies and forms the basis for detailed policies In United Kingdom Planning Law a Local Plan is an old-style development plan prepared by district and other local planning authorities. A Local Development Framework is the Spatial planning strategy introduced in England and Wales by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 and given A Local Development Framework is the Spatial planning strategy introduced in England and Wales by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 and given Local Development Documents are a set of documents specified in United Kingdom planning law which a Local Planning Authority creates to describe their strategy for Local Development Documents are a set of documents specified in United Kingdom planning law which a Local Planning Authority creates to describe their strategy for Established as part of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 in United Kingdom law a Supplementary Planning Document is a Local Development Document Established as part of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 in United Kingdom law a Supplementary Planning Document is a Local Development Document The Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS), which is produced by Regional Assemblies in England, replaces the Structure Plan as the strategic planning document (i. Regional Spatial Strategies (RSS provide a regional level planning framework for the regions of England, outside London where spatial planning is the responsibility " Regional Assembly " is the name which has been adopted by the English bodies established as regional chambers under the Regional Development Agencies In United Kingdom planning law a Structure Plan is an old-style development plan, which sets out strategic planning policies and forms the basis for detailed policies e. it is the RSS which will set targets for housing and employment development within each district in a Region in the future). A variation on this approach exists in Wales. Town and country planning in Wales is based on the Land use planning system which applies throughout the United Kingdom.

Local Authorities are also now required to produce Local Development Schemes (LDS) - which outline the work the LDDs/SPDs they intend to produce over a three year period, and Statements of Community Involvement (SCI) which outline how the Council will involve the local community. Local Development Schemes are public 'project plans' which identify which Local Development Documents will be produced in what order and when Established as part of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 in United Kingdom law the Statements of Community Involvement are produced by Local Authorities All LDDs and SPDs also have to be accompanied by a Sustainability Appraisal (SA) and a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Local Development Documents are a set of documents specified in United Kingdom planning law which a Local Planning Authority creates to describe their strategy for Established as part of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 in United Kingdom law a Supplementary Planning Document is a Local Development Document In United Kingdom Planning Law a Sustainability Appraisal is an appraisal of the economic environmental and social effects of a plan from the outset of the preparation process Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA is a system of incorporating environmental considerations into policies plans and programmes The SEA is a requirement under European Union laws. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Planning Policy Guidance Notes are also being gradually replaced by Planning Policy Statements. In the United Kingdom, Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPG are statements of the Government's national policy and principles towards certain aspects of the town planning In the United Kingdom, Planning Policy Statements (PPS are statements of the British Government's national policy and principles towards certain aspects of the

In December 1995, The London Borough of Wandsworth created a website which published electronic images of documents associated with planning applications. The London Borough of Wandsworth (ˈlʌndən bʌɹə ɒv ˈwɒndz This use of technology greatly improved the ease of access to application related documents for all participants in the planning process. Within ten years, more than 50% of all planning authorities within the UK had followed suit.

Minor variations were allowed to planning permissions, recognising that the nature of the information provided for planning permission was not always so detailed as to allow the immediate construction of a building. Minor Amendments were insignificant variation in a detail and details of an Planning permission which would not raise any new issues which would warrant the submission of a fresh Working drawings would be required first and architects would often make small changes to accommodate the technical requirements of the building. Buildings might also be changed on site to overcome unforeseen problems. The legality of minor amendments was challenged in 2006 and the advice to many local authorities is that any variation to a planning permission should require planning approval.

Use classes

main article: Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987

The requirement to obtain planning permission extends not only to new construction, but also in substantive changes of use of a property. The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes Order 1987 is a Statutory Instrument which revoked and replaced the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes Order 1972 as amended There are various 'use classes', and change of use to a different use class generally requires Planning permission. See Development Control for an overall explanation of how control under the Town and Country Planning legislation is operated in the United Kingdom

The main classes (excluding Scotland, which has a separate Use Classes Order) are:

Classes A3 to A5 were formed recently by a split of the previous A3 class 'Food and Drink', though this split was not effected in Wales; jurisdiction over secondary planning legislation being by then a matter for the Assembly. Take-out (in North American English) carry-out (in US and Scottish English) take-away (in Australian English, House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings. The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales.

Various uses are considered to be sui generis, meaning that they are considered to be a use class in themselves, and not part of an existing use class. Sui generis (English pronunciation ( IPA) /ˌsuːiˈdʒɛnərɪs/ roughly "SOO-ee JEN-a-ris" Latin pronunciation /ˌsuːiˈgeneris/ is a Neo-Latin These specifically include:

Appeals

An applicant may appeal against a refusal of planning permission. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one A video arcade (also known as an amusement arcade in the United Kingdom in Japan or as an "arcade" is a venue where people play arcade video games A self-service laundry is a facility where Clothes are washed and dried A filling station, fueling station, gas station, service station, petrol station, or gasbar, Retail Outlet A car dealership or vehicle local distribution is a business that sells new cars and/or Used cars at the Retail level based on a dealership contract A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride A car rental, rent-a-car or car hire agency is a company that rents Automobiles for short periods of time (ranging from a few hours to a few weeks A wrecking yard, Auto Recycling yard auto salvage yard, wrecker's yard or breakers yard, (sometimes also known as a junkyard A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark A warehouse club is a Retail store, usually selling a wide variety of Merchandise, in which customers pay annual membership fees in order to shop (A neighbour who objects to an application has no right of apppeal. ) Appeal is:

Effectively in the England, Scotland and Wales the appeal is heard by a planning inspectorate. There has often been talk of making the inspectors independent of government ministers, as in Northern Ireland.

Elements of the modern system

National variants

Criticism

The apparent aim of recent reforms to the planning system was to simplify and speed up the production of Plans. Development Control, Planning Control or Development Management (in Scotland is the element of the United Kingdom 's system of Town and Country Planning The Department for Communities and Local Government (branded as Communities and Local Government) is the United Kingdom government department for communities The Planning Inspectorate for England and Wales ( Yr Arolygiaeth Gynllunio) is an Executive agency of the Department for Communities and Local Government A Local Planning Authority is the Local authority or Council that is empowered by law to exercise planning functions for a particular area of the United Kingdom The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 is a piece of a legislation promoted by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, substantially reforming the town planning The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 was passed to better regulate the way in which large and small scale developments were approved by local authorities in England and Wales England & Wales Four inter-related Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed in 1990 to reform the planning system in England and Wales The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development Order 1995 is a Statutory Instrument which sets out what is Permitted Development. The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes Order 1987 is a Statutory Instrument which revoked and replaced the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes Order 1972 as amended In the United Kingdom, Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPG are statements of the Government's national policy and principles towards certain aspects of the town planning In the United Kingdom, Planning Policy Statements (PPS are statements of the British Government's national policy and principles towards certain aspects of the A Design statement is a report required under English and Welsh planning law that sets out illustrates and justifies the process that has led to the development proposals Town and country planning in Wales is based on the Land use planning system which applies throughout the United Kingdom. The system has not been in place long enough to determine if this is the case, though the increase in the number, type and length of documents an authority is required to produce (and the sheer number of new acronyms that have been introduced) would imply that these aims will not be achieved. The financial costs and time delays associated with the new system are also significant and the recent Barker Report on the planning system suggested some of the requirements were unnecessary and has recommended early revisions to the regulations.

See also

External links

Landscape planning is a branch of Landscape architecture. Urban Park systems and Greenways of the type planned by Frederick Law Olmsted are key Regional planning is a branch of Land use planning and deals with the efficient placement of land use activities infrastructure and settlement growth across a significantly The Royal Town Planning Institute is the organisation for Urban planning professionals in the United Kingdom and Ireland, founded in 1914 The Town and Country Planning Association is England's oldest environmental charity Different legislation applies to the different countries of the United Kingdom
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