The Tours Congress was the 18th national congress of the SFIO, the French Section of the Second International, which took place in December 1920 and during which the majority voted to spin-out and create the SFIC (French Section of the Communist International), which later took its actual name of French Communist Party (PCF). The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow The French Communist Party ( French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of
The SFIO divided itself in three camps during the Congress. The larger one gathered those who had accepted the Third International's 21 Conditions behind Fernand Loriot, Boris Souvarine, Ludovic Frossard, and Marcel Cachin. The Twenty-one Conditions, officially the Conditions of Admission to the Communist International, refer to the conditions given by Lenin to the adhesion of the Boris Souvarine (born Boris Konstantinovich Lifschitz and also known as Varine; 1895–1984 was an Imperial Russian born French socialist Ludovic-Oscar Frossard (also known as L-O Frossard or Oscar Frossard; March 5 1889, Foussemagne, Territoire de Belfort &mdash They didn't, however, accept all of Lenin's conditions, and no vote on the matter took place. This left-wing faction, formed by the younger leaders of the party and most of the SFIO's members, obtained three quarters of the votes and split away to form the SFIC (Section Française de l'Internationale Communiste). They took with themselves the party paper L'Humanité, founded by Jean Jaurès in 1904, with them, which remained tied to the party until the 1990s. L'Humanité ("Humanity" formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the Jean Léon Jaurès (full name Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès; 3 September 1859 31 July 1914) was a French Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999
The second faction was led by a minority who accepted the adhesion to the Third International, but only under specific conditions. They finally allied themselves to the third faction, led by Léon Blum and most of the elected socialists (including Paul Faure and Jean Longuet), who completely refused Lenin's conditions and preferred staying inside of the Second International. André Léon Blum (9 April 1872 30 March 1950 was a French politician usually identified with the moderate left and three times the Prime Minister of France. Paul Faure (1878-1960 was a French Politician, one of the leaders of the SFIO (French Section of the Second International) between the Jean-Laurent-Frederick Longuet (Johnny (1876-1938 was a French socialist and Karl Marx 's grandson Blum, who would become Prime minister during the 1936-1938 Popular Front, famously declared: "Someone has to stay and keep the old house. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Popular Front (French Front populaire) was an alliance of left-wing movements including the French Communist Party (PCF the Socialist " [1]
Hence the SFIO split in two: the SFIC (3,208 voices) and the SFIO (1,022 voices). The next year, the CGT trade-union also split, with the creation of the Communist CGTU (Confédération Générale du Travail Unifiée), which itself fusionned again with the CGT at the 1936 Toulouse Congress during the Popular Front. Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The General Confederation of Labour ( French: Confédération générale Confederación General del Trabajo del Uruguay (General Confederation of Labour of Uruguay was a Trade union confederation in Uruguay. Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest
A young Ho Chi Minh, then known as Nguyen Ai Quoc, was present at the congress and made a speech decrying the exploitation of the French colonies, and supporting the proposal to join the Third International. For the city named after him see Ho Chi Minh City. Hồ Chí Minh (name See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism [2]
References
- ^ Léon Blum: Nous sommes convaincus jusqu'au fond de nous-mêmes que, pendant que vous irez courir l'aventure, il faut que quelqu'un reste garder la vieille maison. . . (full declaration available in French at fr:Congrès de Tours, as well as Antonio Gramsci's conclusions — Gramsci included the Tours Congress into a wider national and international context, and underscored the role of the May 1, 1920 demonstrations, which had led to the imprisonment of Boris Souvarine and Fernand Loriot, both secretaries of the Committee of the Third International, arrested on charges of conspiracy against state security (complot contre la sûreté d'Etat). Antonio Gramsci ('ɡramʃi ( January 23, 1891 &ndash April 27, 1937) was an Italian Philosopher, Writer, Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Boris Souvarine (born Boris Konstantinovich Lifschitz and also known as Varine; 1895–1984 was an Imperial Russian born French socialist According to Gramsci, this explained in part the popularity of the Third International, all the more since the socialist deputies and the CGT officials were accused of not having done anything, and thus of "treason to the French working class".
- ^ Duiker, William J., Ho Chi Minh: A Life. William J Duiker is a former United States Foreign Service officer and Professor of History at Penn State University. New York: Hyperion. 2001. ISBN 0-7868-8701-X. p72-73
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