Toul is a historic fortified town of France, a sous-préfecture of the Meurthe-et-Moselle département, with a population of 17,000. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Diocese of Toul was a Roman Catholic Diocese seated at Toul in present-day France Early Modern France is the Early modern period of French history from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century (or from the French Renaissance Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged feudal and political status a form of statehood which a City, religious The Three Bishoprics (Trois-Évêchés constituted a province of pre- Revolutionary France consisting of the bisphoprics of Verdun, Metz The Italian War of 1551 ( 1551 – 1559) sometimes known as the Habsburg-Valois War, began when Henry II of France, who had succeeded Early Modern France is the Early modern period of French history from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century (or from the French Renaissance The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of Toul Cathedral ( Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Toul) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Toul, Lorrraine, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Subprefectures (sous-préfectures are the administrative towns of arrondissements in France that do not contain the prefecture for its department. Meurthe-et-Moselle is a department in the northeast of France named after the Meurthe and Moselle rivers In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Sights 4 Transportation 5 Twin towns 6 Famous citizens 7 See also 8 External links

Geography

Toul is located between Commercy and Nancy, and situated between the Moselle River and the Canal de la Marne au Rhin. Commercy is a commune of the Meuse département in northeastern France. Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France The Moselle (Moselle Mosel Musel is a River flowing through France, Luxembourg and Germany. The Marne-Rhine Canal (French Canal de la Marne au Rhin) is a Canal in eastern France.

History

Toul was known to the Romans as Tullum Leucorum, and was the capital of the Gaulish tribe of the Leuci. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Gaulish or Gallic is the name given to the Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul before the Vulgar Latin of the late Roman Empire became

In 612, King Theudebert II of Austrasia was defeated by King Theuderic II of Burgundy near Toul. Events By Place Europe Sisebut succeeds Gundemar as king of the Visigoths. Theudebert II ( French: Thibert or Théodebert; 586 &ndash 612 King of Austrasia (595 &ndash 612 AD) was the son and Heir Austrasia (rarely Austria, both meaning "eastern land" formed the north-eastern portion of the Kingdom of the Merovingian Franks, comprising Theuderic II (also Theuderich, Theoderic, or Theodoric; in French, Thierry) (587-613 king of Burgundy (595-613 and By the Treaty of Meerssen of 870, Toul became part of East Francia, the later Holy Roman Empire. The Treaty of Meerssen or Mersen in 870 was an agreement of the division of the Carolingian Empire by the surviving sons of Louis I, Charles Events By Place Europe Prague Castle is founded The Great Summer Army invades England and conquers East ( ern) Francia ( Regnum Francorum orientalium) known variously as Francia Orientalis or the Kingdom of the East Franks, was the During the High Middle Ages, it became a Free Imperial City. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash Toul was annexed to France by King Henry II in 1552; this was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of It then was a part of the French province of the Three Bishoprics. The Three Bishoprics (Trois-Évêchés constituted a province of pre- Revolutionary France consisting of the bisphoprics of Verdun, Metz

During the siege of 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War, the last time that Toul's defenses were used as a classical fortress, 64 guns opened fire at 6am on September 23, and the fortress surrendered at 3pm after 2,433 shells had been fired. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English

Toul was the seat of the bishops of Toul; the diocese was founded around 365 and existed until 1807. The Diocese of Toul was a Roman Catholic Diocese seated at Toul in present-day France Events By place Roman Empire July 21 — An earthquake and Tsunami devastates Crete, Alexandria Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Sights

The most striking features are the impressive stone ramparts. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors It is not known precisely when they were first built, but there appears to have been a fortified town at this location since the earliest recorded history. Today, the ramparts encircle and define the old town. They are built of dressed white stone, and topped with grass, and in places are over five metres high.

There is a great deal of Roman archæology in the area and allegedly some in the town. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Roman fortified town of Grand is some 30km away, with its great amphitheatre and temple to the Cult of Apollo. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors Grand is a village and commune in the French département of Vosges, famous for its Roman Amphitheatre, An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances

The old town's architecture is dominated by past glories in various states of decay, including a major gothic cathedral, which is in a poor condition and is being slowly restored. Toul Cathedral ( Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Toul) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Toul, Lorrraine, France. Many of the houses were built as canonical residences in the Late Middle Ages and bear vestiges in the form of ornamental stonework. The Late Middle Ages is a term used by historians to describe European history in the period of the 14th and 15th centuries (AD 1300–1499

There is no trace of the monastery, however its wine-cellars still exist, under the shops on the North side of the Rue Gambetta. (Access is possible via the Camera Shop).

Transportation

Toul is at the intersection of the Moselle River (which divides into the river proper and the Moselle Canalisée just outside the town) with the Canal de la Marne Au Rhin, and was once, consequently, an important port. The Moselle (Moselle Mosel Musel is a River flowing through France, Luxembourg and Germany. The barges known as péniches still navigate these watercourses commercially, typically carrying steel, though in the summer much more of the water traffic is for pleasure.

There is a main-line railway station at Toul, the last major station before the (once vast, and still very large) marshalling yards at Nancy. Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France However, the Paris-Strasbourg TGV line, now under construction, will pass about 20km north of Toul, approximately mid-way between Metz and Nancy. The TGV ( t rain à g rande v itesse, French for "high-speed train" is France 's High-speed rail service Metz (mɛs in French) is a city in the northeast of France, capital of the Lorraine région and Préfecture Its completion will likely reduce Toul's importance as a station.

Twin towns

• Hamm (GER) , since 1987

Famous citizens

• Saint Gerard of Toul, bishop
• Antoine Augustin Calmet, monk
• Marcel Bigeard, military leader
• Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr, military leader
• Louis Majorelle, furniture designer and manufacturer

See also

• Toul-Rosieres Air Base
• Arrondissement of Toul

External links

• Official site

Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW Germany. It is located on the Lippe River, in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. Saint Gerard of Toul, also Saint Gerald of Toul ( French: Geraud; b Antoine Augustin Calmet ( February 26, 1672 - October 25, 1757) French Benedictine, was born at Ménil-la-Horgne Marcel Bigeard (born 14 February, 1916) is a French military officer who fought in World War II, Indochina and Algeria Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, 1st Marquis de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr ( Toul, May 13, 1764 &ndash Hyères, March 17, 1830 Louis Majorelle ( Toul, 26 September 1859 &ndash Nancy, 15 January 1926) was a French decorator and furniture Toul-Rosières Air Base (Base aérienne 136 Toul-Rosières is a reserve French Air Force base The arrondissement of Toul is an arrondissement of France located in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département, in the Lorraine

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