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Torsten Wiesel
Torsten Wiesel
Torsten Wiesel
Born June 3, 1924
Uppsala, Sweden
Nationality Swedish
Known for visual system
Notable awards 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Torsten Nils Wiesel (b. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Uppsala ˈɵpˌsɑːla (older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County ( Uppsala län) and the fourth largest city of "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The visual system is the part of the Nervous system which allows organisms to see. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. June 3, 1924) was a Swedish co-recipient with David H. Hubel of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system; the prize was shared with Roger W. Sperry for his independent research on the cerebral hemispheres. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. David Hunter Hubel (born February 27, 1926) was co-recipient with Torsten Wiesel of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for their Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. The visual system is the part of the Nervous system which allows organisms to see. Roger Wolcott Sperry ( August 20, 1913 – April 17, 1994) was a neuropsychologist, neurobiologist and Nobel laureate who

Contents

Biography

Wiesel was born in Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala ˈɵpˌsɑːla (older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County ( Uppsala län) and the fourth largest city of "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. In 1954, he began his scientific career in Carl Gustaf Bernhard's laboratory at the Karolinska Institute. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Karolinska Institutet (often translated from Swedish into English as the Karolinska Institute, and in older texts often as the Royal Caroline One year later, he moved to the United States to work at Johns Hopkins University under Stephen Kuffler. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Stephen William Kuffler ( August 24, 1913 &ndash October 11, 1980) was an preeminent Hungarian-American Neurophysiologist. In 1958, he met Hubel, beginning a collaboration that lasted over twenty years. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1959 they moved to Harvard University. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wiesel joined the faculty of Rockefeller University in 1983 and became president of the university in 1991. The Rockefeller University is a private University which focuses primarily on basic research in the biomedical fields and offers graduate and postgraduate education Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. He stepped down to become president emeritus in 1998. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)

In 2001, Wiesel was nominated to a panel in the National Institutes of Health to advise on assisting research in developing countries. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. "NIH" redirects here For other meanings of NIH see NIH (disambiguation. Wiesel was rejected by Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson. Tommy George Thompson (born November 19, 1941) a United States Politician, was the 42nd Governor of Wisconsin and the 7th This incident was cited by the Union of Concerned Scientists as part of a report detailing their allegations of President George W. Bush's abuse of science. History The Union of Concerned Scientists was founded in 1969 by faculty and students of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, located in Cambridge Massachusetts George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States.

Research

The Hubel and Wiesel experiments greatly expanded the scientific knowledge of sensory processing. In one experiment, done in 1959, they inserted a microelectrode into the primary visual cortex of an anesthetized cat. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An electrode is an Electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e The term visual cortex refers to the primary visual cortex (also known as striate cortex or They then projected patterns of light and dark on a screen in front of the cat. They found that some neurons fired rapidly when presented with lines at one angle, while others responded best to another angle. Neurons (ˈnjuːɹɒn also known as neurones and nerve cells) are responsive cells in the Nervous system that process and transmit information They called these neurons "simple cells. A simple cell in the primary visual cortex is a cell that responds primarily to oriented edges and gratings (bars of particular orientations " Still other neurons, which they termed "complex cells," responded best to lines of a certain angle moving in one direction. Complex cells can be found both in the primary visual cortex (V1 and the secondary visual cortex (V2. These studies showed how the visual system builds an image from simple stimuli into more complex representations. [1]

In 1978,Wiesel and Hubel were awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University. Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry is an annual prize awarded by Columbia University to a researcher or group of researchers that have made an outstanding Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League.

Hubel and Wiesel received the Nobel Prize 1981 for their work on ocular dominance columns in the 1960s and 1970s. Ocular dominance columns are regions of Neurons in the Visual cortex that Synapse with Axons carrying transduced signals from either The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. By depriving kittens from using one eye, they showed that columns in the primary visual cortex receiving inputs from the other eye took over the areas that would normally receive input from the deprived eye. These kittens also did not develop areas receiving input from both eyes, a feature needed for binocular vision. Binocular vision is vision in which both Eyes are used together Hubel and Wiesel's experiments showed that the ocular dominance develops irreversibly early in childhood development. These studies opened the door for the understanding and treatment of childhood cataracts and strabismus. A cataract is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the Eye or in its envelope varying in degree from slight to complete opacity Strabismus (from Greek: στραβισμός strabismos, from στραβίζειν strabizein "to squint" from στραβός strabos They were also important in the study of cortical plasticity. [1]

Human rights

Wiesel is chairman of the National Academies’ Committee on Human Rights. He has written about abuse of science and encouraged collaboration between Israeli and Palestinian scientists. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn [2] He has also edited (with Carol Corillon) a short volume on the assassination of Myrna Mack in Guatemala. Myrna Mack Chang ( 24 October 1949 &ndash 11 September 1990) was a Guatemalan anthropologist. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest [3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Goldstein, B. David Hunter Hubel (born February 27, 1926) was co-recipient with Torsten Wiesel of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for their (2001). Sensation and Perception, 6th, Wadsworth.  
  2. ^ Torsten Wiesel. Freedom of Scientific Communication Under Siege.
  3. ^ Guatemala: Human Rights and the Myrna Mack Case

External links

PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed
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