A toque (IPA: /toʊk/) is a type of hat with a narrow brim or no brim at all. A hat is a headcovering It may be worn for protection against the elements for religious reasons for safety or as a Fashion accessory. They were popular from the 13th to the 16th century in Europe, especially France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
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Etymology
The word has been known in English since 1505. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States It derives from the Medieval French toque (15th century), presumably from the old Spanish toca "woman's headdress", possibly from Arabic *taqa, from Old Persian taq "veil", "shawl". French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language A veil is an article of clothing worn almost exclusively by women that is intended to cover some part of the head or Face.
Culinary use
A toque blanche (French for "white hat"), often shortened to toque, is a tall, round, pleated, starched white hat worn by chefs. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A chef is a person who cooks professionally In a professional kitchen setting the term is used only for the one person in charge of everyone else in the kitchen the executive The many folds on a toque blanche are believed to signify the many ways that an egg can be cooked. An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals consisting of an Ovum surrounded by layers of Membranes and an outer casing which acts to nourish Many toques have exactly 100 pleats. A pleat (older plait) is a type of Fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and securing it in place
The toque most likely originated as the result of the gradual evolution of head coverings worn by cooks throughout the centuries. Their roots are sometimes traced to the casque a meche (stocking cap) worn by 18th-century French chefs. The colour of the casque a meche denoted the rank of the wearer. Boucher, the personal chef of the French statesman Talleyrand, was the first to insist on white toques for sanitary reasons. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 1st Sovereign Prince of Beneventum (2 February 1754 17 May 1838 the Prince of Diplomats, was a French The modern toque is popularly believed to have originated with the famous French chefs Marie-Antoine Carême and Auguste Escoffier. Marie Antoine (Antonin Carême (8 June 1784&ndash12 January 1833 was a French chef and author Georges Auguste Escoffier (28 October 1846&ndash12 February 1935 was a French Chef, Restaurateur and culinary writer who popularized and updated
Justice
- A toque, or sometimes touge, was the traditional headgear of various French magistrates. A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law.
- A low type in black velvet, called mortier (also rendered in English as mortar board), was used by the président à mortier, president of a parlement (the royal highest court in a French province), and of the members of two of the highest central courts, cour de cassation and cour des comptes. The office of président à mortier was one of the most important legal posts of the French Ancien régime. This article is for the Ancien Régime institution For the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution see French Parliament. The Court of Cassation ( Cour de cassation in French) is the main Court of last resort in France. The Cour des Comptes ( French for "Court of Accounts" is a French government Quasi-judicial body charged with conducting Audits of most
Academic
The pleated, low, round hat worn in French universities—the equivalent of the mortarboard or tam at British and American universities—is also called a toque. The tam is a tall round knitted cap which is often brightly coloured
Heraldry
In the Napoleonic era, the French first empire replaced the coronets of traditional ('royal') heraldry with a rigorously standardized system (as other respects of 'Napoleonic' coats of arms) of toques, reflecting the rank of the bearer. A coronet is a small crown consisting of ornaments fixed on a metal ring Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people Thus a Napoleonic Duke used a toque with 7 ostrich feathers and 3 lambrequins, a Count a toque with 5 feathers and 2 lambrequins, a Baron 3 feathers and one lambrequin, a Knight only one ostrich feather (see Nobility of the First French Empire). A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom In Heraldry, mantling or lambrequin is drapery tied to the helmet above the shield A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin Baron is a specific Title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin (liber Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. Nobles of the First French Empire were created by Napoleon Bonaparte to institute a stable elite in the First French Empire after the instability resulting from the French Revolution
There is also an unproven theory that the design of the papal tiara would have been based on a toque. The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin as the ' Triregnum', and in Italian as the ' Triregno', is the three-tiered
Sports
Toque is also used for a hard type hat or helmet, worn for riding, especially in equestrian sports, often black and covered with black velvet. A helmet is a form of Protective gear worn on the head to protect it from injuries a variation of the hat For the Roman class see Equestrian (Roman Equestrianism refers to the skill of riding or driving Horses This broad description Velvet is a type of tufted fabric in which the cut threads are very evenly distributed with a short dense pile giving it a distinct feel
Canadian variant
In Canadian English, "toque" is also a common alternative spelling of tuque (IPA: [tuk]), a knit woollen winter hat, originally worn by French-Canadians but now a staple of the Canadian winter wardrobe. Canadian English ( CanE, en-CA) is the variety of English used in Canada. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox This fashion originated when coureurs des bois kept their woollen nightcaps on for warmth during cold winter days. A coureur des bois (runner of the woods was an individual who engaged in the Fur trade without permission from the French authorities The Canadian Oxford Dictionary regards the use of toque for this hat to be assimilated from the etymologically unrelated French word tuque. The Canadian Oxford Dictionary (abbreviated CanOD) is a Dictionary of Canadian English. Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time
Sources and references
- Katherine Barber, editor (2004). Canadian Oxford Dictionary, second edition. Toronto, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-541816-6. — "Toque" is a main headword, "tuque" considered a variant spelling.
- EtymologyOnLine
- Heraldry.org Napoleonic heraldry
External links
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