Map of Vietnam showing the conquest of the South over 900 years

Tonkin (Đông Kinh in Vietnamese), also spelled Tongkin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of China's Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, east of northern Laos, and west of the Gulf of Tonkin. Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Guangxi (or Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;) is a Zhuang autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Gulf of Tonkin, in Vietnamese: Vịnh Bắc Bộ or in Chinese: Beibu Wan is an arm of the South China Sea. Locally, it is known as Bắc Kỳ, meaning "Northern Region". Located on the fertile delta of the Red River, Tonkin is rich in rice production. The Red River Delta ( Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng) is the flat plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries joining in the Thai Binh River in northern There are also other rivers named Red River. The Red River, also known as the Hong - Red Song Cai, Song Ca Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many

The term derives from Đông Kinh (東京), a former name of Hanoi, which was the capital of Vietnam since the 7th century. Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam (The name means "eastern capital", and is identical in meaning and written form in Chinese characters to that of Tokyo. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. )

History

Starting around 100 BCE, the land was given the Chinese name Jiaozhi (交趾; pinyin: Jiāozhǐ; Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ). See also History of Vietnam Annam ( 安[[wiktionary 南|南]] pinyin Ānnán or Jiaozhi ( 交趾; pinyin Jiāozhǐ Vietnamese Giao Around 650 CE, it was renamed Annam by the government of the Tang Dynasty. See also History of Vietnam Annam ( 安[[wiktionary 南|南]] pinyin Ānnán or Jiaozhi ( 交趾; pinyin Jiāozhǐ Vietnamese Giao The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Later, it was called Đại Cồ Việt by the Đinh Dynasty and then Đại Việt by the Lý Dynasty. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Đinh Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Đinh; Han-Viet: Đinh Triều, 丁[[wikt 朝|朝]] was the imperial dynasty of Vietnam The history of Vietnam begins around 2700 years ago Successive dynasties based in China ruled Vietnam directly for most of the period from 111 BC until 938 The Lý Dynasty ( Vietnamese: nhà Lý, IPA: /ɲa˨˩ li˦˥/ pronounced like Lee) sometimes known as the Posterior Lý Dynasty (

France assumed sovereignty over all of Vietnam after the Sino-French War (1884-1885). The Sino-French War ( Chinese:, French: Guerre franco-chinoise, Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Pháp-Thanh) was a limited conflict fought The French colonial government then divided Vietnam into three different administrative territories. They named the territories: Tonkin (in the north), Annam (in the center), and Cochinchina (in the south). Annam (An Nam was a French protectorate in what is now the central area of Vietnam. Cochin China is also a type of domestic fowl. Cochinchina, from Cochin-China (see note below (known locally as Nam These territories were fairly arbitrary in their geographic extent. The vast majority of the Vietnamese regarded their country as a single land and fought for much of the next 90 years to achieve unification.