Tongzhi Emperor 同治帝
Mùzōng 穆宗
Reign	11 November 1861 – 12 January 1875
Predecessor	Xianfeng Emperor
Successor	Guangxu Emperor
Spouse	Empress Xiao Zhe Yi
Full name
Chinese: Aixin-Jueluo Zaichun 愛新覺羅載淳 Manchu: Aisin-Gioro Dzai Šun
Titles
The Emperor
Era name
Chinese: Tóngzhì 同治 Manchu: Yooningga dasan
Era dates
January 30, 1862–February 5, 1875
Posthumous name	Emperor Jitian Kaiyun Shouzhong Juzheng Baoda Dinggong Shengzhi Chengxiao Xinmin Gongkuan Yi 繼天開運受中居正保大定功聖智誠孝信敏恭寬毅皇帝
Temple name	Mùzōng 穆宗
Royal house	House of Aisin-Gioro
Father	Xianfeng Emperor
Mother	Empress Dowager Cixi
Born	April 27, 1856(1856-04-27) Forbidden City, Beijing
Died	January 12, 1875 (aged 18) Forbidden City, Beijing
Burial	Eastern Qing Tombs, Zunhua

The Tongzhi Emperor, born Zaichun (April 27, 1856–January 12, 1875) was the ninth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1861 to 1875. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Xianfeng Emperor, born Yizhu, ( July 17, 1831 - August 22, 1861) was the eighth Emperor of the Manchu The Guangxu Emperor (光緒帝 (14 August 1871&ndash14 November 1908 born Zaitian (載湉 was the tenth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty Empress Xiao Zhe Yi (孝哲毅皇后阿鲁特氏 1854 - 1875 also known as the Jia Shun Empress (嘉顺皇后 was the Empress Consort of the Tong Zhi Manchu is a Tungusic language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Manchu is a Tungusic language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. Aisin Gioro was the clan name of the Manchu emperors of the Qing dynasty (as well as the later short-lived regime in Manchukuo) The Xianfeng Emperor, born Yizhu, ( July 17, 1831 - August 22, 1861) was the eighth Emperor of the Manchu Empress Dowager Cixi 1 ( ( November 29 1835 – November 15 1908) popularly known in China as the Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial Palace from the mid- Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial Palace from the mid- Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. Zunhua (Chinese 遵化市 is a County-level city of Tangshan, Hebei, China. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Emperor of China ( refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning since the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

Biography

The only surviving son of the Xianfeng Emperor and the Empress Dowager Cixi, Tongzhi attempted political reform in the period of the Tongzhi Restoration. The Xianfeng Emperor, born Yizhu, ( July 17, 1831 - August 22, 1861) was the eighth Emperor of the Manchu Empress Dowager Cixi 1 ( ( November 29 1835 – November 15 1908) popularly known in China as the The Tongzhi Restoration (c 1860 – 1874) was an attempt to arrest the dynastic decline of the Qing dynasty of China by restoring the traditional His first reign name was Qixiang (祺祥; Man: fengšengge sabingga), but this name was later abandoned by Cixi in favour of Tongzhi, a contraction of the classical phrase tóngguī yǔ zhì (Simplified Chinese: 同归与治, Traditional Chinese: 同歸與治), which means "to reform/restore together a state of order", although it has been interpreted as "to rule the state with an united mother/son team" (Simplified and traditional Chinese: 母子同治天下), which fits the description, as his mother, Empress Dowager Cixi, wielded the real power and ruled behind the scene. A regnal name, or reign name, is a formal name used by some Popes and Monarchs during their Reigns Since Medieval times monarchs The traditional Chinese political phrase "attending audiences behind a curtain" chuí lián tīng zhèng (Simplified Chinese: 垂帘听政, Traditional Chinese: 垂簾聽政), which had already been used earlier in Chinese history, was used to describe Cixi's rule through her son, the Tongzhi Emperor. The phrase can still be heard in contemporary Chinese politics sometimes.

Tongzhi became emperor of the age of five when his father, the Xianfeng Emperor died. The Xianfeng Emperor, born Yizhu, ( July 17, 1831 - August 22, 1861) was the eighth Emperor of the Manchu His birth mother, Empress Dowager Cixi, his father's Empress, the Empress Dowager Ci'an, and his uncle, the Prince Gong, became regents after removing the former regent, Sushun. Empress Dowager Cixi 1 ( ( November 29 1835 – November 15 1908) popularly known in China as the The Empress Dowager Ci'an (慈安皇太后 1837 - April 8, 1881, popularly known in China as the East Empress Dowager (东太后 The 1st Prince Gong ( Wade-Giles: Prince Kung ( January 11, 1833 - May 29, 1898) commonly known in his days as the Lord Sixth Sushun ( Styled: Yuting ( (26 November 1816– 1861 was born in the Manchu Aisin-Gioro Clan as the sixth son of Wurgongga

Tongzhi married Lady Alute from a Mongol clan and died of smallpox at the age of 18. Empress Xiao Zhe Yi (孝哲毅皇后阿鲁特氏 1854 - 1875 also known as the Jia Shun Empress (嘉顺皇后 was the Empress Consort of the Tong Zhi He was buried in the Eastern Qing Tombs in Hebei province. He had no sons to succeed him. Folklore say that Tongzhi died from a sexually transmitted disease, particularly syphilis, due to his alleged affairs with prostitutes outside of the palace, and that the smallpox diagnosis was given only because the mere discussions of sexually transmitted diseases in China is a taboo, even in the present day. A sexually transmitted disease ( STD) or venereal disease ( VD) is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between Humans Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. However, no credible evidence exists to substantiate the rumours.

His mothers, the two dowagers, resumed regency after appointing 1st Prince Chun's son, Guangxu, his reigning title. The 1st Prince Chun ( officially Prince of the First Rank Chun Xian) ( October 16, 1840 - January 1, 1891) commonly known in his The Guangxu Emperor (光緒帝 (14 August 1871&ndash14 November 1908 born Zaitian (載湉 was the tenth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty

A few months after Tongzhi's death, Empress Alute died. Empress Xiao Zhe Yi (孝哲毅皇后阿鲁特氏 1854 - 1875 also known as the Jia Shun Empress (嘉顺皇后 was the Empress Consort of the Tong Zhi It is said that she either committed suicide or that Cixi starved her to death by cutting her food supply.

Chinese Tongzhi ceramics and other courtly arts of the period are sometimes said to suffer from a diminishment of quantity and sometimes quality. Chinese Tongzhi 同治 (1862-1874 porcelain marks the reconstruction of the Jingdezhen 景德鎮 official kilns after the destructive Taiping Rebellion 太平天国

Family

• Father: Xianfeng Emperor
• Mother: Noble Consort Yi (Empress Dowager Cixi)

Consorts

1. Empress Xiao Zhe Yi, (Chinese: 孝哲毅皇后) of the Alute clan (1854 - 1875)
2. Imperial Noble Consort Shushen, (Chinese: 淑慎皇贵妃) (1860 - 1905)
3. Imperial Noble Consort Zhuanghe, (Chinese: 庄和皇贵妃) (1857 - 1921)
4. Imperial Noble Consort Jingyi, (Chinese: 敬懿皇贵妃) (1856 - 1932)
5. Imperial Noble Consort Ronghui, (Chinese: 荣惠皇贵妃) (1854 - 1933)

Emperor Tongzhi Practicing Calligraphy. The Xianfeng Emperor, born Yizhu, ( July 17, 1831 - August 22, 1861) was the eighth Emperor of the Manchu Empress Dowager Cixi 1 ( ( November 29 1835 – November 15 1908) popularly known in China as the Empress Dowager Cixi 1 ( ( November 29 1835 – November 15 1908) popularly known in China as the Empress Xiao Zhe Yi (孝哲毅皇后阿鲁特氏 1854 - 1875 also known as the Jia Shun Empress (嘉顺皇后 was the Empress Consort of the Tong Zhi Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.