Tommaso Campanella (September 5, 1568 – May 21, 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was an Italian philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language An astrologer practices one or more forms of Astrology. Typically an astrologer draws a Horoscope for the time of an event such as a person's birth and interprets
Biography
Born in Stignano (in the county of Stilo) in the province of Reggio di Calabria in southern Italy, Campanella was a child prodigy. Stignano is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 50 km south of Stilo (Stylos column) is a town and commune in the Province of Reggio Calabria, in the Calabria region of southern Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest List of child prodigies|Fictional child prodigies A child prodigy is a one who masters one or more skills or arts at an early age Son of a poor and illiterate cobbler, he entered the Dominican Order before age fifteen, taking the name of fra' Tommaso in honour of Thomas Aquinas. The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is He studied theology and philosophy with several masters.
Early on, he became disenchanted with the Aristotelian orthodoxy and attracted by the empiricism of Bernardino Telesio (1509–1588), who taught that knowledge is sensation and that all things in nature possess sensation. Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. In Philosophy, empiricism is a theory of Knowledge which asserts that knowledge arises from Experience. Bernardino Telesio (1509 - 1588 was an Italian philosopher and natural scientist Campanella wrote his first work, Philosophia sensibus demonstrata ("Philosophy demonstrated by the senses"), published in 1592, in defence of Telesio.
In Naples he was also initiated in astrology; astrological speculations would become a constant feature in his writings. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems
Campanella's heterodox views, especially his opposition to the authority of Aristotle, brought him into conflict with the ecclesiastical authorities. Heterodoxy includes "any opinions or doctrines at variance with an official or orthodox position" Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Denounced to the Inquisition and cited before the Holy Office in Rome, he was confined in a convent until 1597. The term Inquisition can refer to any one of several institutions charged with trying and convicting heretics within the Roman Catholic Church and Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 A convent is a community of Priests religious brothers religious sisters or Nuns or the building used by the community particularly in the Roman Catholic Church
After his liberation, Campanella returned to Calabria, where he became the leader of a conspiracy against the Spanish rule. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Campanella's aim was to establish a society based on the community of goods and wives, for on the basis of the prophecies of Joachim of Fiore and his own astrological observations, he foresaw the advent of the Age of the Spirit in the year 1600. Joachim of Fiore, also known as Joachim of Flora and in Italian Gioacchino da Fiore (c Betrayed by two of his fellow conspirators, he was captured and incarcerated in Naples. Feigning insanity, he managed to escape the death penalty and was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Campanella spent twenty-seven years imprisoned. During his detention, he wrote his most important works: The Monarchy in Spain (1600), Political Aforisms (1601), Atheismus triumphatus (Triumph over Atheism, 1605-1607), Quod reminiscetur (1606?), Metaphysica (1609-1623), Theologia (1613-1624), and his most famous work, The City of the Sun (1602/1623). The City of the Sun (La città del Sole Latin: Civitas Solis) is a philosophical work by the Italian Dominican philosopher Tommaso Campanella He even intervened in the first trial against Galileo Galilei with his courageous The Defense of Galileo (written in 1616, published in 1622). Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher Ironically, Galileo himself probably would not have wanted Campanella's assistance because of Campanella's sometimes outlandish ideas and prior conviction of heresy.
Campanella was finally released from his prison in 1626, through Pope Urban VIII, who personally interceded on his behalf with Philip IV of Spain. Pope Philip IV (es ''Felipe IV'' pt ''Filipe III'' ( 8 April, 1605 &ndash 17 September, 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and Taken to Rome and held for a time by the Holy Office, Campanella was restored to full liberty in 1629. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 He lived for five years in Rome, where he was Urban's advisor in astrological matters.
In 1634, however, a new conspiracy in Calabria, led by one of his followers, threatened fresh troubles. With the aid of Cardinal Barberini and the French Ambassador de Noailles, he fled to France, where he was received at the court of Louis XIII with marked favour. Pope This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Protected by Cardinal Richelieu and granted a liberal pension by the king, he spent the rest of his days in the convent of Saint-Honoré in Paris. This article is about a cardinal For information on the Russian also called The Red Eminence, see Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city His last work was a poem celebrating the birth of the future Louis XIV (Ecloga in portentosam Delphini nativitatem). Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent
External links
- Works by Tommaso Campanella at Project Gutenberg
- Tommaso Campanella entry at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Germana Ernst
- City of the Sun (1623) at eBooks@Adelaide
- The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Space Flight
- from "La città del sole": "Tutte le cose son communi" on audio MP3
- Concordancias de 'La Città del Sole'
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