Tom and Jerry is a successful and long-running series for over six decades of theatrical short subjects created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Short subject is a format description originally coined in the North American Film industry in the early period of cinema. William Denby "Bill" Hanna (July 14 1910 – March 22 2001 was an influential American Animator, director, producer, Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera (; March 24 1911 – December 18 2006 was an influential American Animator, director, producer The cartoons centered around a never-ending rivalry between a housecat (Tom) and a brown mouse (Jerry), whose chases and battles often involved comic violence. A mouse (plural mice) is a small Animal that belongs to one Hanna and Barbera ultimately wrote and directed one hundred and fourteen Tom and Jerry cartoons at the MGM cartoon studio in Hollywood, California between 1940 and 1957, when the animation unit was closed down. See also Pre-production Screenplay Screenwriting is the art and craft of writing scripts for Film, Television or Video games A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio was the in-house division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM motion picture studio in Hollywood California, responsible for producing The year 1940 in film involved some significant events Events February 7 - Walt Disney 's animated Film The year 1957 in film involved some significant events Events October 21 - The movie Jailhouse Rock The original series is notable for having won the Academy Awards for Best Short Subject (Cartoons) seven times, tying it with Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies as the most-awarded theatrical animated series. The Academy Award for Animated Short Film is an award which has been given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as part of the Academy Awards every year Walter Elias Disney (December 5 1901 – December 15 1966 was a multiple Academy Award -winning American Film producer, director, Screenwriter Silly Symphonies is a series of Animated Short subjects 75 in total produced by Walt Disney Productions from 1929 to 1939
In 1960, MGM had new shorts produced by Rembrandt Films, led by Gene Deitch in Eastern Europe. William Lawrence Snyder (February 14 1918–June 3 1998 was an American Film producer. Eugene Merril "Gene" Deitch (born August 8, 1924 in Chicago Illinois) is an American Academy-Award winning Illustrator Production of Tom and Jerry shorts returned to Hollywood with Chuck Jones' Sib-Tower 12 Productions in 1963, this series lasted until 1967. Charles Martin "Chuck" Jones ( September 21, 1912 &ndash February 22, 2002) was an American Animator, MGM Animation/Visual Arts was an Animation Studio established in 1962 by Animation director/producer Chuck Jones and producer Les Goldman The cat and mouse stars later resurfaced in television cartoons produced by Hanna-Barbera and Filmation Studios during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. For the unrelated isometric graphics engine used by Ultimate Play the Game in their 8-bit computer games see Filmation engine. Today, Warner Bros. owns the rights to Tom and Jerry, and produces the series, Tom and Jerry Tales for The CW's Saturday morning "Kids WB" lineup, as well as a string of Tom and Jerry direct-to-video films. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and Tom and Jerry Tales is an animated television series which began production in 2005 and ended in 2008 on The CW 's The CW4Kids block The CW Television Network ( The CW) is a Television network in the United States launched at the beginning of the 2006-2007 television season. A Saturday morning cartoon is the colloquial term for the animated television programming which was typically scheduled on Saturday mornings on the major American Kids' WB is an online network that was launched on April 28, 2008.
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Plot and format
The plots of each short usually center on Tom's frustrated attempts to catch Jerry, and the mayhem and destruction that ensues. Since Tom rarely attempts to eat Jerry and because the pair actually seem to get along in some cartoon shorts (at least in the first minute or so), it is unclear why Tom chases Jerry so much. But some reasons given may include normal feline/murine enmity, duty according to his owner, Jerry's attempt at ruining a task that Tom is entrusted with, revenge, Jerry saving other potential prey (such as ducks, canaries, or goldfish) from being eaten by Tom, or competition with another cat, among other reasons. For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation. The Canary ( Serinus canaria) also called the Island Canary, Atlantic Canary or Common Canary, is a small Passerine Bird The goldfish, Carassius auratus, was one of the earliest Fish to be domesticated, and is still one of the most commonly kept aquarium fish and
Tom rarely succeeds in catching Jerry, mainly because of Jerry's cleverness and cunning abilities, but sometimes because of Tom's own stupidity. Tom sometimes beats Jerry, usually when Jerry becomes the instigator or when he crosses some sort of line.
Many of the title cards show Tom and Jerry smiling at each other, contrasting with the apparent antipathy displayed towards each other in each cartoon.
The shorts are famous for some of the most violent gags ever devised in theatrical animation: Jerry slicing Tom in half, shutting his head in a window or a door, Tom using everything from axes, pistols, explosives, traps and poison to try to murder Jerry, Jerry stuffing Tom's tail in a waffle iron, kicking him into a refrigerator, plugging his tail into an electric socket, pounding him with a mace, club or mallet, causing a tree to drive him into the ground and so on. The axe, or ax, is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape split and cut Wood, Harvest timber, as a Weapon An explosive material is a material that either is chemically or otherwise Energetically unstable or produces a sudden expansion of the material usually accompanied In the context of Biology, poisons are substances that can cause damage, Illness, or Death to Organisms usually by Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries A waffle iron is a Cooking Appliance used to make Waffles It usually consists of two hinged metal plates molded to create the honey comb pattern A refrigerator (often called a " fridge " for short is a cooling appliance comprising a thermally insulated compartment and a Heat pump - The tail is the section at the rear end of an Animal 's Body; in general the term refers to a distinct flexible Appendage to the Torso. A mace is a simple Weapon that uses a heavy head on the end of a handle to deliver powerful blows A club (also known as cudgel, baton, truncheon, night stick, and bludgeon) is among the simplest of all weapons A mallet is a type of hammer with a head made of softer materials than the Steel normally used in hammerheads so as to avoid damaging a delicate surface A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or Despite the frequent violence, there is no blood or gore in any scenes. A recurring gag involves Jerry hitting Tom when he's preoccupied, with Tom initially oblivious to the pain - and only feeling the effects moments later, and vice versa; and another involves Jerry stopping Tom in midchase (as if calling for a time-out), before he does something, usually putting the hurt on Tom.
The cartoon is also noteworthy for its reliance on stereotypes, such as the blackening of characters following explosions and the use of heavy and enlarged shadows (e. A stereotype (from Greek: stereo + týpos = "solid impression" is a generalized perception of first impressions behaviors presumed by a group g. , Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Mouse). Dr Jekyll and Mr Mouse is a 1947 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 30th Tom and Jerry short, it was nominated Resemblance to everyday objects and occurrences is arguably the main appeal of visual humor in the series. Humour or humor (see spelling differences) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke Laughter and provide Amusement The characters themselves regularly transform into ridiculous but strongly associative shapes, most of the time involuntarily, in masked but gruesome ways (see also Cartoon physics). Cartoon physics is a joking reference to the fact that Animation allows regular laws of physics to be ignored in humorous ways for dramatic effects
Music plays a very important part in the shorts, emphasizing the action, filling in for traditional sound effects, and lending emotion to the scenes. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Musical director Scott Bradley created complex scores that combined elements of jazz, classical, and pop music; Bradley often reprised contemporary pop songs, as well as songs from MGM films, including The Wizard of Oz and Meet Me In St. Louis. Scott Bradley ( November 26, 1891 - April 27, 1977) in was an American Composer, Pianist and conductor Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical - Fantasy film mainly directed by Victor Fleming and based on the 1900 children’s Meet Me in St Louis is a 1944 romantic Musical film from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer which tells the story of four sisters living in Generally, there is no dialogue in Tom or Jerry, apart from the occasional few lines in certain moments. The character Mammy Two Shoes has lines in every episode. Mammy Two Shoes is a Recurring character in MGM 's Tom and Jerry cartoons Most of the dialogue from Tom and Jerry are the high-pitched laughs and gasping screams, which may be provided by a horn or other musical instrument.
Before 1954, all Tom and Jerry cartoons were produced in the standard Academy ratio and format; from late 1954 to 1955, some of the output was dually produced in both Academy format and the widescreen CinemaScope process. The Academy ratio of 1371 is the standard aspect ratio of a frame of 35mm film when used with 4-perf pulldown, and was standardized by A widescreen image is a film computer or television image with a wider and shorter aspect ratio than the standard Academy frame developed during the Classical CinemaScope was a Widescreen movie format used from 1953 to 1967 From 1956 until the close of the MGM cartoon studio a year later, all Tom and Jerry cartoons were produced in CinemaScope, some even had their soundtracks recorded in Perspecta Stereo. Perspecta was a format of "fake" motion picture Stereophonic sound, invented by the laboratories at Fine Sound Inc The 1960s Gene Deitch and Chuck Jones shorts were all produced in Academy format, but with compositions that made them compatible to be matted to Academy widescreen format as well. All of the Hanna and Barbera cartoons were produced in three-strip Technicolor, the 1960s entries were done in Metrocolor. Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color film processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation Metrocolor was the trade name used by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for films processed at their lab
Background
The idea of the cat-and-mouse rivalry in Tom and Jerry originates from George Herriman's comic strip Krazy Kat, which featured a rivalry between Krazy Kat, Ignatz the mouse, and a dog, Officer Pupp. George Joseph Herriman ( August 22, 1880 &ndash April 25, 1944) was an American Cartoonist, best known for his comic strip Krazy Kat is a Comic strip created by George Herriman that appeared in U The strip was still running in U. S. newspapers at the time when the first Tom and Jerry cartoon was released, and had already been adapted into cartoons of its own.
The title names in the cartoon, Tom and Jerry, were based on a colloquial term, originally derived from the 1821 century novel Life in London by Pierce Egan in which the main characters were a pair of friends named Jerry Hawthorne and Corinthian Tom. Pierce Egan (1772-1849 early Journalist, Sportswriter, and writer on Popular culture. The novel depicted the two men as common characters in the street life of London, so "Tom and Jerry" became a colloquialism for 'a pair of common men'.
Characters
Tom and Jerry
Tom, (actually called 'Jasper' in early shorts such as "Puss Gets the Boot" despite the Tom and Jerry marquee at the start of the feature) is a Russian Blue cat, who lives a pampered life, while Jerry is a small brown mouse who always lives in proximity to him. The Russian Blue is a type or breed of Cat that has a silver-blue coat Black, when used as a general term is a color that is a Very dark Black, black, or Black, of low Luminance relative to A mouse (plural mice) is a small Animal that belongs to one Tom is very quick-tempered and thin-skinned, while Jerry is independent and opportunistic. Despite being very energetic and determined, Tom is no match for Jerry's brains and wits. By the iris-out of each cartoon, Jerry usually emerges triumphant, while Tom is shown as the loser. However, other results may be reached; on rare occasions, Tom triumphs. Sometimes, usually ironically, they both lose or they both end up being friends. Both characters display sadistic tendencies, in that they are equally likely to take pleasure in tormenting each other. Sadistic personality disorder is a Personality disorder which only appeared in the revised third edition of the American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic However, depending on the cartoon, whenever one character appears to be in mortal danger (in a dangerous situation or by an enemy), the other will develop a conscience and save him. Sometimes they bond over a mutual sentiment towards an unpleasant experience and their attacking each over is more play than serious attacks.
Although many supporting and minor characters speak, Tom and Jerry rarely do so. Tom, most famously, sings while wooing female cats; for example, Tom sings Louis Jordan's Is You Is Or Is You Ain't My Baby in the 1946 short Solid Serenade. Louis Jordan ( July 8, 1908 – February 4, 1975) was a pioneering American Jazz, Blues and Rhythm & blues " Is You Is Or Is You Ain't My Baby " is a 1944 Louis Jordan song released on a single with "G Solid Serenade is a 1946 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 26th Tom and Jerry short, produced in Technicolor In one short, Tom, when romancing a female cat, woos her in a French-accented voice similar to that of screen actor Charles Boyer. Charles Boyer (28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978 was a four-time Academy Award -nominated French Actor who starred in a number of classic Hollywood Co-director William Hanna provided most of the squeaks, gasps, and other vocal effects for the pair, including the most famous sound effect from the series, Tom's leather-lunged scream (created by recording Hanna's scream and eliminating the beginning and ending of the recording, leaving only the strongest part of the scream on the soundtrack). The only other reasonably common vocalization is made by Tom when some external reference claims a certain scenario or eventuality to be impossible, which inevitably, ironically happens to thwart Tom's plans - at which point, a bedraggled and battered Tom appears and says in a haunting, echoing voice "Don't you believe it!", a reference to some famous World War II propaganda shorts of the 1940's. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people One short, 1956's Blue Cat Blues, is narrated by Jerry (Saju sasikumar) in voiceover (voiced by Paul Frees). Blue Cat Blues is is the 103rd one Reel animated Tom and Jerry short, created in 1956, directed and produced The term voice-over refers to a production technique where a non-diagetic voice is broadcast live or pre-recorded in Radio, Television, Film, Paul Frees ( June 22, 1920 - November 2, 1986) was an American Voice actor and Character actor. Both Tom and Jerry speak more than once, in the 1943 short The Lonesome Mouse. The Lonesome Mouse is a 1943 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 10th Tom and Jerry short.
Recurring characters
In his attempts to catch Jerry, Tom often has to deal with the intrusions of Butch, a scruffy black alley cat who also wants to catch and eat Jerry, Spike (sometimes billed as "Killer" or "Butch"), an angry, vicious guard bulldog who tries to attack Tom for bothering his son Tyke while trying to get Jerry, in earlier episodes Spike is extremely sadistic chasing and trying to maul both Tom and Jerry forcing the two to work together to defeat him. Spike is a fictional character from the Tom and Jerry series created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Spike spoke often, using a voice and expressions (performed by Daws Butler) modeled after comedian Jimmy Durante. Daws Butler ( Charles Dawson Butler; November 16, 1916 – May 18, 1988) was a Voice actor born in Toledo, The addition of Spike's son Tyke in the late 1940s led to both a slight softening of Spike's character and a short-lived spin-off theatrical series (Spike and Tyke). Spike & Tyke was a short-lived theatrical Animated Short subject series based upon the Bulldog father-and-son team from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Tom changes his love interest many times. The first love interest speaks in a haughty tone in The Zoot Cat, and calls him "Tommy" in The Mouse Comes to Dinner. The Zoot Cat (also referred to as simply Zoot Cat) is a 1944 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 13th Tom and Jerry The Mouse Comes to Dinner is a 1945 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 18th Tom and Jerry short directed by William The second and frequent love interest of Tom's is Toodles Galore, who never has any dialogue in Tom and Jerry cartoons. Toodles is a Tom and Jerry character who first appeared in the 1946 short Springtime for Thomas.
From the beginning (the first episode), Tom also has to deal with Miss Mammy Two Shoes (voiced by Lillian Randolph), a stereotyped African-American domestic housemaid. Lillian Randolph ( December 14 1898 - September 12 1980) was an American Actress and Singer, a veteran of radio African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Maid is also a shortened form of " Maiden " an archaic word for an unmarried woman or a Virgin. In the earliest shorts, Mammy is depicted as the maid taking care of the often opulent home in which Tom and Jerry reside. Later Tom and Jerry shorts are set in what appears to be Mammy's own house. Her face is never seen (with the exception of 1950's Saturday Evening Puss, in which her face is very briefly seen as she runs towards the camera), and she usually wallops the cat with a broom when he misbehaves. The term face refers to the central sense organ complex for those animals that have one normally on the ventral surface of the head and can depending on the definition Unseen characters are never directly observed by the audience but are only described by other characters Saturday Evening Puss is a 1950 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 48th Tom and Jerry short directed by William Hanna and Joseph When Mammy was not present, other humans would sometimes be seen, usually from the neck down as well. Mammy would appear in many cartoons until 1952's Push-Button Kitty. Push-Button Kitty is a 1952 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 70th Tom and Jerry short directed by William Later cartoons would instead show Tom and Jerry living with a 1950s Yuppie-style couple. The term yuppie (short for " young urban professional Soon after, virtually all humans in the series had visible faces.
Jerry adopted a little gray mouse foundling named Nibbles (also later known as Tuffy), coming from a certain "Mrs. Tuffy (originally Nibbles) is a fictional character from the Tom and Jerry cartoon series Bide-a-Wee Mouse Home. " In Nibbles' earliest appearances, he is depicted as constantly hungry. In later years, Nibbles lost the gluttonous element of his personality and often spoke, usually in a foreign accent or language keeping with the theme and setting of the short (for example, French in Touché, Pussy Cat!, British English in Robin Hoodwinked). French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Touché Pussy Cat! is the 89th one- Reel animated Tom and Jerry short, created in 1954 directed by British English or UK English ( BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the Robin Hoodwinked is the 113th one Reel animated Tom and Jerry short, copyrighted 1957 and released on Another recurring character in the series was Quacker the duckling, who was later adapted into the Hanna-Barbera character Yakky Doodle. Quacker is a fictional cartoon character from the Tom and Jerry cartoons Yakky Doodle is a Fictional character created by Hanna-Barbera Productions.
History and evolution
Hanna-Barbera era (1940 – 1958)
William Hanna and Joseph Barbera were both part of the Rudolf Ising unit at the MGM cartoon studio in the late 1930s. Hugh Harman ( August 31, 1903 &ndash November 25, 1982) and Rudolf "Rudy" Ising ( August 7, 1903 &ndash Barbera, a storyman and character designer, was paired with Hanna, an experienced director, to start directing films for the Ising unit; the first of these was a cat-and-mouse cartoon called Puss Gets the Boot. Puss Gets the Boot is a one-reel Animated cartoon Short subject, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on February 10, Completed in late 1939, and released to theatres on February 10, 1940, Puss Gets The Boot centers on Jasper, a grey tabby cat trying to catch an unnamed rodent, but after accidentally breaking a houseplant and its stand, the African-American housemaid Mammy (Later Tom's owner) has threatened to throw Jasper out ("O-U-W-T, out!") if he breaks one more thing in the house. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Naturally, the mouse uses this to his advantage, and begins tossing wine glasses, ceramic plates, teapots, and any and everything fragile, so that Jasper will be thrown outside. A wine glass is a type of Glass Stemware which is used to drink and taste Wine. Unglazed platesjpg|thumb|A set of plates before being glazed at a Pottery shop A teapot is a vessel used for steeping Tea leaves or an herbal mix in near-boiling Water. Puss Gets The Boot was previewed and released without fanfare, and Hanna and Barbera went on to direct other (non-cat-and-mouse related) shorts. "After all," remarked many of the MGM staffers, "haven't there been enough cat-and-mouse cartoons already?"
The pessimistic attitude towards the cat and mouse duo changed when the cartoon became a favorite with theatre owners and with the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which nominated the film for the Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons of 1941. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS) is a professional honorary organization ostensibly dedicated to the advancement of the arts and sciences of Motion It lost to another MGM cartoon, Rudolph Ising's The Milky Way. The Milky Way is a one-reel Animated cartoon Short subject, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres in 1940 by Metro-Goldwyn
Producer Fred Quimby, who ran the MGM animation studio, quickly pulled Hanna and Barbera off the other one-shot cartoons they were working on, and commissioned a series featuring the cat and mouse. __forcetoc__ Frederick C "Fred" Quimby ( July 31, 1883 &ndash September 16 1965) was the producer in charge of the Hanna and Barbera held an intra-studio contest to give the pair a new name; animator John Carr won with his suggestion of Tom and Jerry. John Carr may refer to John Carr (architect (1723–1807 English architect John Carr (Indiana (1793–1845 American politician from The Tom and Jerry series went into production with The Midnight Snack in 1941, and Hanna and Barbera rarely directed anything but the cat-and-mouse cartoons for the rest of their tenure at MGM. The Midnight Snack is a 1941 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 2nd Tom and Jerry short, produced in Technicolor
Tom's physical appearance evolved significantly over the years. During the early 1940s, Tom had an excess of detail--shaggy fur, numerous facial wrinkles, and multiple eyebrow markings--all of which were streamlined into a more workable form by the end of the 1940s- and looked like a realistic cat; in addition from his quadrupedal beginnings Tom became increasingly, and eventually almost exclusively, bipedal. A wrinkle is a ridge or crease of a surface It usually refers to folds on fabric or Clothes, or on the Skin of an organism the folds are generally random By contrast, Jerry's design remained essentially the same for the duration of the series. By the mid-1940s, the series had developed a quicker, more energetic (and violent) tone, due to the inspiration from the work of the colleague in the MGM cartoon studio, Tex Avery, who joined the studio in 1942. Frederick Bean "Fred/Tex" Avery ( February 26, 1908 &ndash August 26, 1980) was an American
Even though the theme of each short is virtually the same - cat chases mouse - Hanna and Barbera found endless variations on that theme. Barbera's storyboards and rough layouts and designs, combined with Hanna's timing, resulted in MGM's most popular and successful cartoon series. Thirteen entries in the Tom and Jerry series (including Puss Gets The Boot) were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons; seven of them went on to win the Academy Award, breaking the Disney studio's winning streak in that category. Tom and Jerry won more Academy Awards than any other character-based theatrical animated series.
Tom and Jerry remained popular throughout their original theatrical run, even when the budgets began to tighten somewhat in the 1950s and the pace of the shorts slowed slightly. However, after television became popular in the 1950s, box office revenues decreased for theatrical films, and short subjects. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic A box office is a place where tickets are sold to the public for Admission to a venue At first, MGM combated this by going to all-CinemaScope production on the series. After MGM realized that their re-releases of the older shorts brought in just as much revenue as the new films, the studio executives decided, much to the surprise of the staff, to close the animation studio. The MGM cartoon studio was shut down in 1957, and the final of the 114 Hanna and Barbera Tom and Jerry shorts, Tot Watchers, was released on August 1, 1958. Tot Watchers is the 114th one Reel animated Tom and Jerry short, created in 1957, produced and directed Hanna and Barbera established their own television animation studio, Hanna-Barbera Productions, in 1957, which went on to produce such popular shows as The Flintstones, Top Cat, The Jetsons, Yogi Bear, and Scooby-Doo. The Flintstones is an animated American television sitcom that ran from 1960 to 1966 on ABC. Top Cat is a Hanna-Barbera Prime time animated television series which ran from September 27, 1961 to April 18, The Jetsons is a prime-time animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. Yogi Bear is a fictional Anthropomorphic Bear who appears in Animated cartoons created by Hanna-Barbera Productions. Scooby-Doo is a long-running American animated series produced for Saturday morning television in several different versions from 1969 to the
Gene Deitch era (1960 – 1962)
In 1960, MGM decided to produce new Tom and Jerry shorts, and had producer William L. Snyder arrange with Czech-based animation director Gene Deitch and his studio, Rembrandt Films, to make the films overseas in Prague, Czechoslovakia. William Lawrence Snyder (February 14 1918–June 3 1998 was an American Film producer. Eugene Merril "Gene" Deitch (born August 8, 1924 in Chicago Illinois) is an American Academy-Award winning Illustrator William Lawrence Snyder (February 14 1918–June 3 1998 was an American Film producer. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Deitch/Snyder team turned out 13 shorts, many of which have a surrealistic quality.
Since the Deitch/Snyder team had seen only a handful of the original Tom and Jerry shorts, the resulting films were considered unusual, and, in many ways, bizarre. The characters' gestures were often performed at high speed, frequently causing heavy motion blur. As a result, the animation of the characters looked choppy and sickly. The soundtracks featured sparse music, spacey sound effects, dialogue that was mumbled rather than spoken, and heavy use of reverb. For the album by The Jam see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced Sounds Reverberation is the persistence of Sound in a particular space after the original sound is removed Fans that typically rooted for Tom criticized Deitch's cartoons for having Tom never become a threat to Jerry, and the only time when Tom ever attempts to hurt Jerry is when he gets in his way. Surprisingly, the Gene Deitch Tom and Jerry cartoons are still rerun today on a semi-regular basis.
These shorts are among the few Tom and Jerry cartoons not to carry the "Made In Hollywood, U. S. A. " phrase at the end. Due to Deitch's studio being behind the Iron Curtain, the production studio's location is omitted entirely on it
Chuck Jones era (1963 – 1967)
After the last of the Deitch cartoons were released, MGM turned to American director Chuck Jones, famous for his work on Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, and Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, among others. Looney Tunes is a Warner Bros Animated cartoon series which ran in many movie theatres from 1930 to 1969 Merrie Melodies is the name of a series of animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros Clyde Rabbit (uncleMrs Bugs Bunny (wifePapa Bunny (fatherMama Bunny (motherRugs Bunny Daffy Duck is an Animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of Jones had just ended his thirty-plus year tenure at Warner Bros. Cartoons and started his own animation studio, Sib Tower 12 Productions, with partner, Les Goldman. Warner Bros Cartoons Inc was the Animation division of Warner Bros MGM Animation/Visual Arts was an Animation Studio established in 1962 by Animation director/producer Chuck Jones and producer Les Goldman Beginning in 1963, Jones and Goldman went on to produce 34 more Tom and Jerry shorts, all of which carried Jones' distinctive style (and a slight psychedelic influence). However, despite being animated by essentially the same artists who worked with Jones at Warners, these new shorts had varying degrees of critical success.
Jones had trouble adapting his style to Tom and Jerry's brand of humor, and a number of the cartoons favored poses, personality, and style over storyline. The characters underwent a slight change of appearance: Tom was given thicker, Boris Karloff-like eyebrows, a less complex look, and furrier cheeks, while Jerry was given larger eyes and ears, and a sweeter, Porky Pig-like expression. Boris Karloff ( 23 November, &ndash 2 February,) was an English actor who emigrated to Canada in the 1910s The eyebrow is an area of thick delicate hairs above the Eye that follows the shape of the brow ridges. Porky Pig is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros
Some of Jones's Tom and Jerry cartoons are reminiscent of his work with Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, included the uses of blackout gags and gags involving characters falling from high precipices. Jones co-directed the majority of the shorts with layout artist Maurice Noble. Maurice Noble ( May 1, 1911 &ndash May 18, 2001) was an American Animation background artist and layout designer whose The remaining shorts were directed by Abe Levitow and Ben Washam, with Tom Ray directing two shorts built around footage from earlier Tom and Jerry cartoons directed by Hanna and Barbera. Abraham "Abe" Levitow (July 2 1922 - May 8 1975 was an American Animator who worked at Warner Bros Ben Washam (1915-1984 was an American Animator who worked at Warner Bros Tom Ray (born 2 August, 1919) is an American Animator who began work at Warner Bros Various vocal characterisations were made by Mel Blanc, famous for his work as the voice of Bugs Bunny and Porky Pig, and June Foray, famous for her work as the voice of Granny. Melvin "Mel" Jerome Blanc ( May 30, 1908 – July 10, 1989) was an American voice actor and Comedian June Foray (born September 18, 1917) is an American Voice actress who has worked for most of the studios which produced Animated films Granny, a co-star of many Sylvester the Cat and Tweety Bird animated shorts throughout the 1950s and '60s is a Looney Tunes character that MGM ceased production of animated shorts in 1967, by which time Sib Tower 12 had become MGM Animation/Visual Arts, and Jones had moved on television specials and the feature film The Phantom Tollbooth. MGM Animation/Visual Arts was an Animation Studio established in 1962 by Animation director/producer Chuck Jones and producer Les Goldman The Phantom Tollbooth is a Live-action/animated film based on Norton Juster's 1961 Children's book The Phantom Tollbooth
Tom and Jerry hit television
Beginning in 1965, the Hanna and Barbera Tom and Jerry shows began to appear on television in heavily edited form: the Jones team was required to take Saturday Evening Puss, which featured Mammy, rotoscope her out, and replace her with a thin white woman, with Lillian Randolph's original voice tracks replaced by June Foray performing in an Irish accent. Saturday Evening Puss is a 1950 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 48th Tom and Jerry short directed by William Hanna and Joseph Rotoscoping is an Animation technique in which Animators trace over live-action film movement frame by frame for use in Animated films Originally Lillian Randolph ( December 14 1898 - September 12 1980) was an American Actress and Singer, a veteran of radio June Foray (born September 18, 1917) is an American Voice actress who has worked for most of the studios which produced Animated films However, in local telecasts of the cartoons, and in the ones shown on Boomerang, Mammy, featured in the other shorts, could once again be seen, and more recently, with a new, less stereotypical black voice supplied. Boomerang is a 24-hour American Cable television channel owned by Turner Broadcasting System (a division of Time Warner) Much of the extreme violence in the cartoons were also edited out. Starting out on CBS' Saturday Morning schedule on September 25, 1965, Tom and Jerry moved to CBS Sundays two years later and remained there until September 17, 1972. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network.
Tom and Jerry's new owners
In 1986, MGM was purchased by Ted Turner. Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American Media proprietor and philanthropist. Turner sold the company a short while later, but retained MGM's pre-1986 film library, thus Tom and Jerry became the property of Turner Entertainment (where the rights stand today via Warner Bros. Turner Entertainment Company Inc is an American media company founded by Ted Turner. ), and have in subsequent years appeared on Turner-run stations, such as TBS, TNT, Cartoon Network, Boomerang, and Turner Classic Movies. TBS is an American Cable television network that shows sports and a variety of programming with a focus on comedy Turner Network Television, usually referred to as TNT, is an American cable TV network created by media mogul Ted Turner and currently owned Boomerang is a 24-hour American Cable television channel owned by Turner Broadcasting System (a division of Time Warner) Turner Classic Movies ( TCM) is a cable television channel featuring commercial -free classic movies mostly from the Turner Entertainment and Warner
Tom and Jerry outside the United States
When shown on terrestrial television in the United Kingdom (from 1967 to 2000, usually on the BBC) Tom and Jerry cartoons were not cut for violence and Mammy was retained. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located As well as having regular slots, Tom and Jerry served the BBC in another way. When faced with disruption to the schedules (such as those occurring when live broadcasts overrun), the BBC would invariably turn to Tom and Jerry to fill any gaps, confident that it would retain much of an audience that might otherwise channel hop. This proved particularly helpful in 1993, when Noel's House Party had to be cancelled due to an IRA bomb scare at BBC Television Centre - Tom and Jerry was shown instead, bridging the gap until the next programme. Noel's House Party was a BBC television light entertainment show hosted by Noel Edmonds that was broadcast live on Saturday evenings throughout the The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Óglaigh na hÉireann ( IRA; also referred to as the PIRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the Recently, a mother has complained to OFCOM of the smoking scenes shown in the cartoons since Tom often attempts to impress love interests with the habit. The Office of Communications (Y Swyddfa Gyfathrebiadau or as it is more often known Ofcom is the independent regulator and competition authority for the Communication It has been said that these scenes will be edited out. [1]
Due to its lack of dialog, Tom and Jerry was easily translated into various foreign languages. Tom and Jerry began broadcast in Japan in 1964. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. A 2005 nationwide survey taken in Japan by TV Asahi, sampling age groups from teenagers to adults in their sixties, ranked Tom and Jerry #85 in a list of the top 100 "anime" of all time; while their web poll taken after the airing of the list ranked it at #58 - the only non-Japanese animation on the list, and beating anime classics like Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, A Little Princess Sara, and the ultra-classics Macross, Ghost in the Shell, and Rurouni Kenshin (it should be noted that in Japan, the word "anime" refers to all animation regardless of origin, not just Japanese animation). ( also known as EX and, is a Television network headquartered in Roppongi, Minato Tokyo, Japan. (anime in Japanese, is an ongoing Manga series by Clamp. It is currently being serialized in Shōnen Magazine. was a 1985 Japanese Anime series produced by Nippon Animation, based on Frances Hodgson Burnett 's novel A Little Princess. is a long-running series of Science fiction Anime, created by Shoji Kawamori of Studio Nue in 1982 is a Japanese Cyberpunk Manga created by Masamune Shirow, and first published in 1989 in Young is a Japanese Manga series written and illustrated by Nobuhiro Watsuki. [2] Tom and Jerry is also well-known in Saudi Arabia, China, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, Bangladesh,Thailand, Mongolia, Middle East and South Korea. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː
Tom and Jerry have long been popular in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. However, the cartoons are overdubbed with rhyming German language verse that describes what is happening onscreen and provides additional funny content. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The different episodes are usually embedded in the episode Jerry's Diary (1949), in which Tom reads about past adventures. Jerry's Diary is a 1949 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 45th Tom and Jerry short released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed
In South East Asia, India, Pakistan, Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Romania, Venezuela, and other Latin American countries Cartoon Network still airs Tom and Jerry cartoons everyday. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the In Russia, local channels also air the show in its daytime programming slot. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Tom and Jerry was one of the few cartoons of western origin broadcast in Czechoslovakia (1988) before the fall of Communism in 1989. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based
Censorship
Like a number of other animated cartoons in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, Tom and Jerry was not considered politically correct in later years. Political correctness (adjectivally politically correct; both forms commonly abbreviated to PC) is a term applied to Language, ideas policies or behavior Some cartoons featured either Tom or Jerry in blackface following an explosion, which are subsequently cut when shown on television today, although The Yankee Doodle Mouse blackface gag is still shown in other countries. Blackface in the narrow sense is a style of theatrical Makeup that originated in the United The Yankee Doodle Mouse is a 1943 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 11th Tom and Jerry short produced by Fred The black maid, Mammy Two Shoes, is often considered racist because she is depicted as a poor black woman who has a rodent problem. Her voice was redubbed by Turner in the mid-1990s in hopes of making the character sound less stereotypical. One cartoon in particular, His Mouse Friday, is often banned from television due to the cannibals being seen as racist stereotypes. His Mouse Friday is a 1951 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 59th Tom and Jerry cartoon directed by William Hanna If shown, the cannibals' dialogue is edited out, although their mouths can be seen moving.
In 2006, United Kingdom channel Boomerang made plans to edit Tom and Jerry cartoons being aired in the UK where the characters were seen to be smoking in a manner that was "condoned, acceptable or glamorised. Boomerang is a television channel broadcast in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and the Arab World, launched on May " This followed a complaint from a viewer that the cartoons were not appropriate for younger viewers, and a subsequent investigation by UK media watchdog OFCOM. The Office of Communications (Y Swyddfa Gyfathrebiadau or as it is more often known Ofcom is the independent regulator and competition authority for the Communication [1] It has also taken the U. S. approach by editing out blackface gags, though this seems to be random as not all scenes of this type are cut.
Later television shows, specials and theatrical shorts
In 1975, Tom and Jerry were reunited with Hanna and Barbera, who produced new Tom and Jerry cartoons for Saturday mornings. These 48 seven-minute short cartoons were paired with The Great Grape Ape and Mumbly cartoons, to create The New Tom and Jerry/Grape Ape Show, The Tom and Jerry/Grape Ape/Mumbly Show, and The Tom and Jerry/Mumbly Show, all of which ran on ABC Saturday Morning from September 6, 1975 to September 3, 1977. The Great Grape Ape Show was a Saturday morning cartoon produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions that was broadcast on ABC from 1975 The Mumbly Cartoon Show was a Saturday morning cartoon produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions which aired on ABC from 1976 - The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. In these cartoons, Tom and Jerry (now with a red bow tie), who had been enemies during their formative years, became nonviolent pals who went on adventures together, as Hanna-Barbera had to meet the stringent rules against violence for children's TV. Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength The bow tie is a men's Necktie popularly worn with Formal attire, such as suits or Dinner jackets It consists of a ribbon of fabric tied around
Filmation Studios (in association with MGM Television) also tried their hands at producing a Tom and Jerry TV series. For the unrelated isometric graphics engine used by Ultimate Play the Game in their 8-bit computer games see Filmation engine. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television (commonly known as MGM Television and later MGM/UA Television among other names is an American television production/distribution Their version, The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show, debuted in 1980, and also featured new cartoons starring Droopy, Spike (another bulldog created by Tex Avery), and Barney Bear, not seen since the original MGM shorts. The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show is an animated television program produced by Filmation for Metro Goldwyn Mayer Television in 1980 on CBS Droopy is an Animated Cartoon character, an Anthropomorphic Dog (supposedly a Basset hound) with a droopy face hence the name Barney Bear was a series of Animated cartoon Short subjects produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio. The thirty Filmation Tom and Jerry cartoons were noticeably different from Hanna-Barbera's efforts, as they returned Tom and Jerry to the original chase formula, with a somewhat more "slapstick" humor format. Slapstick is a type of Comedy involving exaggerated physical violence or activities which exceed the boundaries of common sense such as a character being hit in the face with This incarnation, much like the 1975 version, was not as well received by audiences as the originals, and lasted on CBS Saturday Morning from September 6, 1980 to September 4, 1982. Brooklyn Book Festival crowd by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|An audience at the Brooklyn Book Festival in New York City.
One of the biggest trends for Saturday morning television in the 1980s and 1990s was the "babyfication" of older, classic cartoon stars, and on September 8, 1990, Tom and Jerry Kids, co-produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Turner Entertainment Co. Since the 1980s there have been many animated characters which are either junior versions (e Tom & Jerry Kids is an animated television series featuring the popular cat-and-mouse duo as kids debuted on FOX. It featured a youthful version of the famous cat-and-mouse duo chasing each other. As with the 1970s H-B series, Jerry wears his red bowtie, while Tom now wears a red cap. Spike and his son Tyke, and Droopy and his son Dripple, appeared in back-up segments for the show, which ran until October 2, 1993.
In 2000, a new Tom and Jerry special entitled The Mansion Cat premiered on Cartoon Network. Tom and Jerry The Mansion Cat is a 2000 animated special for television starring Tom and Jerry. It featured Joe Barbera as the voice of Tom's owner, whose face is never seen. In this cartoon, Jerry, housed in a habitrail, is as much of a house pet as Tom is, and their owner has to remind Tom to not "blame everything on the mouse". Habitrail is a product made by the Hagen corporation a series of translucent plastic tubes and "houses" for use in home Terrariums, designed especially
A new Tom and Jerry short, entitled The KarateGuard, which had been written by Joseph Barbera, directed by Barbera and Spike Brandt, storyboarded by Barbera and Iwao Takamoto and produced by Joseph Barbera, Spike Brandt and Tony Cervone premiered in Los Angeles cinemas on September 27, 2005. The KarateGuard is a 2005 Tom and Jerry cartoon short directed by Joseph Barbera and Spike Brandt See also Pre-production Storyboards are graphic organizers such as a series of Illustrations or Images displayed in sequence for the purpose of Iwao Takamoto (タカモト・イワオ Takamoto Iwao) ( April 29, 1925 &ndash January 8 2007) was a Japanese American As part of the celebration of Tom and Jerry's sixty-fifth anniversary, this marked Barbera's first return as a writer, director and storyboard artist on the series since his and Hanna's original MGM cartoon shorts. Director/animator Spike Brandt was nominated for an Annie award for best character animation. The short debuted on Cartoon Network on January 27, 2006.
During the first half of 2006, a new series called Tom and Jerry Tales was produced at Warner Bros. Animation. Tom and Jerry Tales is an animated television series which began production in 2005 and ended in 2008 on The CW 's The CW4Kids block Warner Bros Animation is the animation division of Warner Bros Thirteen half-hour episodes (each consisting of three shorts) were produced, with only markets outside of the United States and United Kingdom signed up. The show then came to the UK in February 2006 on Boomerang, and is currently airing on Kids' WB! on The CW in the US. Boomerang is a television channel broadcast in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and the Arab World, launched on May Kids' WB is an online network that was launched on April 28, 2008. The CW Television Network ( The CW) is a Television network in the United States launched at the beginning of the 2006-2007 television season. [3]. Tales is the first Tom and Jerry TV series that utilizes the original style of the classic shorts, along with the violence.
Feature films
In 1945, Jerry made an appearance in the live-action MGM musical feature film Anchors Aweigh, in which, through the use of special effects, he performs a dance routine with Gene Kelly. Anchors Aweigh is a 1945 Musical comedy film directed by George Sidney in which two sailors go on a four-day shore leave in Hollywood accompanied by music Eugene Curran “Gene” Kelly ( August 23, &ndash February 2,) was an American Dancer, Actor, Singer, director In this sequence, Gene Kelly is telling a class of school kids a fictional tale of how he earned his Medal of Honor. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. Jerry is the king of a magical world populated with cartoon animals, whom he has forbidden to dance as he himself does not know how. Gene Kelly's character then comes along and guides Jerry through an elaborate dance routine, resulting in Jerry awarding him with a medal. Jerry speaks and sings in this film; his voice is performed by Sara Berner. Sara Berner ( 12 January, 1912 – 19 December, 1969) was an actress known primarily for her supporting roles including two for Alfred Tom has a cameo in the sequence as one of Jerry's servants.
Both Tom and Jerry appear with Esther Williams in a dream sequence in another MGM musical, Dangerous When Wet. For the Fijian academic business woman see Esther Williams (academic Esther Jane Williams (born August 8 1921 is a retired In the film, Tom and Jerry are chasing each other underwater, when they run into Esther Williams, with whom they perform an extended synchronized swimming routine. Tom and Jerry have to save Williams from a lecherous octopus, who tries to lure and woo her into (many of) his arms.
The duo was planned to appear in the 1988 Touchstone/Amblin film, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, a homage to classic American animation, but their inclusion in the film was scrapped due to legal complications. Touchstone Pictures is one of several alternate Film labels of The Walt Disney Company, established in 1984 Amblin Entertainment' is an American film and television Production company founded by Steven Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 Live-action/animated film produced by Amblin Entertainment and The Walt Disney Company (released [4]
1992 saw the overseas release of Tom and Jerry: The Movie, produced and directed by Phil Roman. Tom and Jerry The Movie is a 1993 traditionally-animated film produced and directed by Phil Roman starring cartoon legends Tom and Jerry Philip Roman (born December 21, 1930 in Fresno California) is an Animator. The film was released to theatres in the U. S. by Miramax Films in 1993. Barbera, co-creator of the characters served as creative consultant for the picture. A musical film with a structure similar to Disney's animated features, the flick was criticized by reviewers and audiences alike for being predictable and for giving the pair dialogue (and songs) through the entire movie. The musical film is a Film genre in which several Songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative As a result, it failed at the box office.
In 2001, Warner Bros. , which had by then merged with Turner and assumed its properties, released the duo's first direct-to-video movie, Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring, in which Tom covets a ring which grants mystical powers to the wearer, and has become accidentally stuck on Jerry's head also, Hanna and Barbera co-executive produced Tom and Jerry for the final time before Hanna's death on the 22nd day of March in 2001. Tom and Jerry The Magic Ring is a 2001 animated feature starring Tom and Jerry. Four years later, Bill Kopp scripted and directed two more cat and mouse flicks for Warner, Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars (2004) and Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry (2005), the latter one based on a story by Barbera. Bill Kopp (born in Rockford Illinois on April 17 1962) is an American Animator and Voice actor who animated the Whammy on the 1980s Tom and Jerry Blast Off to Mars is the second direct-to-video film of the Tom and Jerry direct-to-video film series Tom and Jerry The Fast and the Furry is a 2005 animated made-for-video film featuring the cat and mouse duo Tom & Jerry. Both were released on DVD in 2005, starting the celebration of Tom and Jerry's sixty-fifth anniversary. The Fast and the Furry was released theatrically in select cities on the 3rd day of June in 2006 by Kidtoon Films. Kidtoon Films is a distributor of children's animated films in the United States In 2006, another direct-to-video film, Tom and Jerry: Shiver Me Whiskers tells a story about the pair having to work together to get the treasure. Tom and Jerry Shiver Me Whiskers is a 2006 animated direct-to-video pirate movie starring Tom and Jerry. Barbera came up with the initial idea and storyline for the next feature, Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale, which, due to his death on Dec. Tom and Jerry A Nutcracker Tale is a 2007 holiday themed animated direct-to-video film starring Academy Award -winners Tom and Jerry produced 18, 2006, became his final animated project. Produced and directed by Spike Brandt and Tony Cervone, the holiday-set animated film was released on DVD in late 2007. However, since Warner Bros. owns the characters and the franchise the studio is thinking about doing another cat and mouse direct-to-video feature titled, Tom and Jerry: A Little Learning, the very first Tom and Jerry cartoon in sixty-eight years without creators, Joseph Barbera and William Hanna.
Other formats
Tom and Jerry began appearing in comic books in 1942, as one of the features in Our Gang Comics In 1949, with MGM's live-action Our Gang shorts long out of production, the series was renamed Tom and Jerry Comics. A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative "The Little Rascals" redirects here For other uses see The Little Rascals (disambiguation. The pair continued to appear in various books for the rest of the 20th century. [5]
The pair have also appeared in a number of video games as well, spanning titles for systems from the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super NES to more recent entries for Playstation 2, Xbox, and Nintendo Gamecube. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The Nintendo Entertainment System (often abbreviated as NES or simply Nintendo) is an 8-bit Video game console that was released by The Super Nintendo Entertainment System or Super NES (also called SNES and Super Nintendo) is a 16-bit Video game console that was The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era.
Cultural influences
Throughout the years, the term and title Tom and Jerry became practically synonymous with never-ending rivalry, as much as the related "cat and mouse fight" metaphor has.
The Simpsons characters Itchy & Scratchy, of the eponymous cartoon on the Krusty the Clown Show, are spoofs of Tom and Jerry--a "cartoon within a cartoon. The Itchy & Scratchy Show is a segment or "side-show" featured on The Simpsons which usually appears as a portrayal of the fictional " The extreme cartoon violence of the Tom and Jerry is parodied and intensified, as Itchy (the mouse) dispatches Scratchy in various gratuitous, gory fashions. In one episode, Itchy & Scratchy is replaced by a cartoon called Worker and Parasite, a parody of the Gene Deitch Tom and Jerry cartoons. " Krusty Gets Kancelled " is the twenty-second and final episode of The Simpsons ' fourth season. In The Simpsons episode Itchy and Scratchy and Marge Marge gets violence banned from TV and Itchy and Scratchy became friends (that whacking intro of theirs is replaced by gift-exchanging), causing the downfall of the series. " Itchy & Scratchy & Marge " is the ninth episode of The Simpsons ' second season and first aired on December 20 1990
Tom and Jerry are also parodied in the original Sally the Witch anime (1966), the The Fairly Oddparents TV movie Channel Chasers (2004), and an episode of Garfield and Friends entitled Good Mousekeeping. Garfield and Friends is an American Animated television series based on Comic strip Garfield by Jim Davis. " Good Mousekeeping " is an episode of Garfield and Friends.
- Tom and Jerry were mentioned in Baby Mama (film) when Kate says her partnership with Angie were like Tom and Jerry, (because they hate each other)but Poehler's character remarks "they get along sometime"
Tom and Jerry on DVD
There have been several Tom and Jerry DVDs released in Region 1 (the United States and Canada), including a series of two-disc sets known as the Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection. Baby Mama is a 2008 Comedy film from Universal Pictures written and directed by Michael McCullers and starring Tina Fey DVD video discs may be encoded with a region code restricting the area of the world in which they can be played The Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection is a series of two-disc DVD sets released by Warner Home Video in the same style as the Looney Tunes Golden Collection There have been negative responses to these sets, due to some of the cartoons included on each having cuts and/or redubbed Mammy Two-Shoes dialogue. A replacement program offering uncut versions of the shorts on DVD was later announced.
In the United Kingdom, most of the Tom and Jerry shorts have been released (only two, namely The Million Dollar Cat and Busy Buddies, were not included, for unknown reasons). The Million Dollar Cat is a 1944 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 14th Tom and Jerry short. Busy Buddies is a one Reel animated Tom and Jerry short, created in 1956, directed and produced by William Almost all of the shorts contain re-dubbed Mammy Two-Shoes tracks. Despite these cuts, His Mouse Friday, the only Tom and Jerry cartoon to be completely taken off the airwaves in some countries due to racism, is included, unedited with the exception of extreme zooming-in towards the end to avoid showing a particularly racist caricature. One must note, though, that these are regular TV prints sent from the U. S. in the 1990s.
Filmography
Notable shorts
For a full list of theatrical Tom & Jerry cartoon shorts, see List of Tom and Jerry cartoons. This is a complete listing of the 161 theatrical shorts from the Tom and Jerry series produced and released between 1940 and 1967 along with a 2005 short that saw a limited
The following cartoons won the Academy Award (Oscar) for Best Short Subject: Cartoons:
- 1943: The Yankee Doodle Mouse
- 1944: Mouse Trouble
- 1945: Quiet Please!
- 1946: The Cat Concerto
- 1948: The Little Orphan
- 1951: The Two Mouseketeers
- 1952: Johann Mouse
These cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, but did not win:
- 1940: Puss Gets the Boot
- 1941: The Night Before Christmas
- 1947: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Mouse
- 1949: Hatch Up Your Troubles
- 1950: Jerry's Cousin
- 1954: Touché, Pussy Cat!
These cartoons were nominated for the Annie Award in the Individual Achievements Category: Character Animation, but did not win:
- 1946: Springtime for Thomas
- 1955: That's My Mommy
- 1956: Muscle Beach Tom
- 2005: The KarateGuard
Television shows
- The Tom and Jerry Show (ABC, 1975–1977)
- The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show (CBS, 1980–1982)
- Tom and Jerry Kids (FOX, 1990–1993)
- Tom and Jerry Tales (Kids' WB!/The CW, 2006–2008)
Television specials
- Tom and Jerry: The Mansion Cat (Cartoon Network, 2000)
Theatrical films
- Tom and Jerry: The Movie (Miramax/Live Entertainment/Turner Pictures Worldwide/Film Roman/Turner Entertainment/WMG, 1993)
Direct-to-video films
- Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring (Warner Home Video, 2001)
- Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars (Warner Home Video, 2004)
- Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry (Warner Home Video, 2005)
- Tom and Jerry: Shiver Me Whiskers (Warner Home Video, 2006)
- Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale (Warner Home Video, 2007)
- Tom and Jerry: A Little Learning (Warner Home Video, 2008)
Video games
The pair starred in a string of video games in their later years of animation entertainment. The Academy Award for Animated Short Film is an award which has been given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as part of the Academy Awards every year The Yankee Doodle Mouse is a 1943 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 11th Tom and Jerry short produced by Fred Mouse Trouble is a 1944 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 17th Tom and Jerry short produced by Fred Quimby Quiet Please! is a 1945 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 22nd Tom and Jerry short, which won the 1945 The Cat Concerto is a 1946 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 29th Tom and Jerry short, produced in Technicolor The Little Orphan is a 1949 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 40th Tom and Jerry short released in theatres on April The Two Mouseketeers is a 1952 one-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Tom and Jerry series produced in Technicolor Johann Mouse is the 75th one Reel animated Tom and Jerry short, created in 1953 directed by William Puss Gets the Boot is a one-reel Animated cartoon Short subject, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on February 10, The Night Before Christmas is a 1941 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 3rd Tom and Jerry short directed by Dr Jekyll and Mr Mouse is a 1947 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 30th Tom and Jerry short, it was nominated Hatch Up Your Troubles is a 1949 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 41st Tom and Jerry short produced by Fred Quimby Jerry's Cousin is a 1951 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 57th Tom and Jerry short Touché Pussy Cat! is the 89th one- Reel animated Tom and Jerry short, created in 1954 directed by Springtime for Thomas is a 1946 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 23rd Tom and Jerry short directed by William That's My Mommy is the 97th one Reel animated Tom and Jerry short, created in 1955, directed and produced Muscle Beach Tom is the 101st one Reel animated Tom and Jerry short, created in 1955, directed and produced The KarateGuard is a 2005 Tom and Jerry cartoon short directed by Joseph Barbera and Spike Brandt The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show is an animated television program produced by Filmation for Metro Goldwyn Mayer Television in 1980 on CBS Tom & Jerry Kids is an animated television series featuring the popular cat-and-mouse duo as kids Tom and Jerry Tales is an animated television series which began production in 2005 and ended in 2008 on The CW 's The CW4Kids block Tom and Jerry The Mansion Cat is a 2000 animated special for television starring Tom and Jerry. Tom and Jerry The Movie is a 1993 traditionally-animated film produced and directed by Phil Roman starring cartoon legends Tom and Jerry Tom and Jerry The Magic Ring is a 2001 animated feature starring Tom and Jerry. Tom and Jerry Blast Off to Mars is the second direct-to-video film of the Tom and Jerry direct-to-video film series Tom and Jerry The Fast and the Furry is a 2005 animated made-for-video film featuring the cat and mouse duo Tom & Jerry. Tom and Jerry Shiver Me Whiskers is a 2006 animated direct-to-video pirate movie starring Tom and Jerry. Tom and Jerry A Nutcracker Tale is a 2007 holiday themed animated direct-to-video film starring Academy Award -winners Tom and Jerry produced The famous cartoon cat and mouse duo Tom & Jerry have appeared in various Video games during their later years of cartoon entertainment
See also
- The Golden Age of American animation
- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio
- Herman and Katnip
- Itchy & Scratchy (from The Simpsons)
- Pixie and Dixie and Mr. Jinks
References
- Adams, T. The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio was the in-house division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM motion picture studio in Hollywood California, responsible for producing Herman and Katnip are a duo of Cartoon characters (Herman the Mouse and Katnip the Cat) who have appeared both separately and together in Famous The Itchy & Scratchy Show is a segment or "side-show" featured on The Simpsons which usually appears as a portrayal of the fictional Pixie and Dixie and Mr Jinks is a Hanna-Barbera cartoon that featured as a regular segment of the television series The Huckleberry Hound Show R. (1991). Tom and Jerry: Fifty Years of Cat and Mouse. Crescent Books. ISBN 0-517-05688-7.
- Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503759-6.
- Maltin, Leonard (1980, updated 1987). Leonard Maltin (born December 18, 1950) is an American Film critic and Film Historian. Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-452-25993-2.
- ^ a b BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Smoke's no joke for Tom and Jerry
- ^ http://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/anime100/contents/ranking/cur/index.html
- ^ Kids' WB! on The CW Announces 2006-2007 "Too Big for Your TV" Saturday Morning Programming Schedule - Cartoons - ToyNewsI.com
- ^ Price, Jeffrey and Seaman, Peter S. (Sept. 6, 1986). Who Shot Roger Rabbit? [Screenplay]. The third draft of the Who Framed Roger Rabbit script calls for Tom and Jerry to attend "Toontown" owner Marvin Acme's funeral, a sequence ultimately not shot for the film.
- ^ [1][2]Tom and Jerry Comics
External links
- Tom and Jerry at Cartoon Network (US)
- List of Tom and Jerry cartoons
- Gene Deitch on his experiences working on "Tom and Jerry"
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