Tom Waits
Tom Waits in 2007.
Background information
Birth name	Thomas Alan Waits
Born	December 7, 1949 (1949-12-07) (age 58) in Pomona, California, United States
Genre(s)	Experimental Rock Blues Jazz Folk
Occupation(s)	Singer-songwriter Composer Musician Actor
Instrument(s)	Organ, Guitar, Piano, Harmonium, Vocals
Label(s)	Asylum ANTI- Island
Website	Official Site

Thomas Alan Waits (born 7 December 1949) is an American singer-songwriter, composer, and actor. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pomona is the 5th largest city in Los Angeles County (after Los Angeles, Long Beach, Glendale, and Santa Clarita) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Experimental music is a term introduced by composer John Cage in 1955 Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Singer-songwriter is a term that refers to Performers who write, compose and sing their own material including Lyrics A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers A harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Asylum Records is an American Record label, owned by Warner Music Group, founded by agent-managers David Geffen and Elliot Roberts in 1971 ANTI- is an American Record label founded in 1999 as a sister label of Epitaph Records. Island Records is a Record label that was founded by British record producers in Jamaica. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Singer-songwriter is a term that refers to Performers who write, compose and sing their own material including Lyrics A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works Waits has a distinctive voice, described by one critic as sounding "like it was soaked in a vat of bourbon, left hanging in the smokehouse for a few months, and then taken outside and run over with a car. Bourbon is an American Whiskey, a type of distilled spirit, made primarily from Corn and named for Bourbon County Kentucky. "^[1] With this trademark growl; his incorporation of pre-rock styles such as blues, jazz, and Vaudeville; and experimental tendencies verging on industrial music,^[2] Waits has built up a distinctive musical persona. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Vaudeville was a Genre of variety entertainment prevalent on the stage in the United States and Canada, from the early 1880s Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. He has worked as a composer for movies and musical plays and as a supporting actor in films, including The Fisher King, Rumble Fish, Coffee & Cigarettes, Bram Stoker's Dracula, and Short Cuts. Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. The Fisher King is a Comedy-drama Film made in 1991, written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Terry Gilliam. Rumble Fish is a 1983 film directed produced and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. Coffee and Cigarettes is a 2003 Independent film directed by Jim Jarmusch. Bram Stoker's Dracula (aka Dracula) is a 1992 horror - Romance film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola Short Cuts is a 1993 Drama film directed by Robert Altman. Filmed from a screenplay by Robert Altman and Frank Barhydt it is inspired by nine He has been nominated for an Academy Award for his soundtrack work on One from the Heart. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. For the soundtrack recorded by Tom Waits and Crystal Gayle see One from the Heart (album One from the Heart is

Lyrically, Waits' songs are known for atmospheric portrayals of bizarre, seedy characters and places, although he has also shown a penchant for more conventional ballads. He has a cult following and has influenced subsequent songwriters despite having little radio or music video support. A cult following is a group of fans devoted to a specific area of Pop culture. His songs are best-known to the general public in the form of cover versions by more visible artists—for example, "Jersey Girl," performed by Bruce Springsteen; "Downtown Train," performed by Rod Stewart; and "Ol' '55," performed by the Eagles. " Downtown Train " is a song by Tom Waits released on his album Rain Dogs in 1985 Roderick "Rod" David Stewart, CBE (born 10 January 1945 is a Singer and Songwriter born and raised in London England and currently Ol' '55 is a song written and recorded by Tom Waits. It is the first track on Waits' debut album ''Closing Time'', released in 1973 Although Waits' albums have met with mixed commercial success in his native United States, they have occasionally achieved gold album sales status in other countries. He has been nominated for a number of major music awards and has won Grammy Awards for two albums, Bone Machine and Mule Variations. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Bone Machine is a critically acclaimed and award-winning album by Tom Waits, released in 1992 on Island Records. Mule Variations is an album by Tom Waits, released 1999 on the ANTI- sub-label of Epitaph Records.

Waits currently lives in Sonoma County, California with his wife and their three children. Sonoma County, located on the northern coast of California, is one of the northernmost counties of the nine county Greater San Francisco Bay Area, U

Contents 1 Life and career 1.1 Origins and musical beginnings 1.2 1970s: The Asylum Years 1.3 1980s: The Island Years 1.4 1990s 1.5 2000s 2 Record companies 3 Lawsuits 4 Discography and filmography 5 Tours 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links 8.1 Interviews

Life and career

Origins and musical beginnings

Tom Waits was born on December 7, 1949 at Park Avenue hospital in Pomona, California to Jesse Frank Waits and Alma Johnson McMurray, both schoolteachers. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pomona is the 5th largest city in Los Angeles County (after Los Angeles, Long Beach, Glendale, and Santa Clarita) ^[3][4] His father was of Scots-Irish descent and his mother from Norwegian stock. Norwegians See also History of Norway and Demography of Norway. ^[5] Waits' parents divorced in 1960, when he was ten years old and attending Jordan Elementary school in Whittier, California, where the young Waits continued to live before moving with his mother to National City, near the Mexican border, in 1960. Whittier is a city in Los Angeles County California about southeast of Los Angeles. National City is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. ^[4] Waits, who taught himself how to play the piano on a neighbor's instrument, would later claim that it was during trips to Mexico with his father, who taught Spanish, that he would first find his love of music through a Mexican ballad that was "probably a Ranchera, you know, on the car radio with my dad. The ranchera is a genre of the traditional Music of Mexico. Although closely associated with the Mariachi groups which evolved in Jalisco "^[6]

By 1965, while attending the Hilltop High School within the Sweetwater Union High School District, Chula Vista,^[4] Waits was playing in an R&B soul band called The System and had begun his first job at Napoleone Pizza House (still at 619 National City Blvd. , National City, CA) in San Diego (about which he would later sing on "I Can't Wait to Get Off Work" from Small Change and "The Ghosts of Saturday Night (After Hours at Napoleone's Pizza House)" on The Heart of Saturday Night). ^[3] He later admitted that he was not a fan of the 1960s music scene, stating, "I wasn't thrilled by Blue Cheer, so I found an alternative, even if it was Bing Crosby. Blue Cheer is a San Francisco -based rock group that initially performed and recorded in the late 1960s and early 1970s and again from the mid-1980s to the present Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby ( May 3, 1903 &ndash October 14, 1977) was an Academy Award winning American Popular "^[7] Five years later, he was working as a doorman at the Heritage nightclub (now the Liars Club) in San Diego—where artists of every genre performed—when he did his first paid gig for $25. ^[3] A fan of Frank Sinatra, Bob Dylan, Lord Buckley, Hoagy Carmichael, Marty Robbins, Raymond Chandler, and Stephen Foster, Waits began developing his own idiosyncratic musical style, combining song and monologue. Francis Albert "Frank" Sinatra (December 12 1915 &ndash May 14 1998 was an American singer and actor Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Lord Buckley (b Richard Myrle Buckley April 5, 1906 Tuolumne California d Hoagland Howard "Hoagy" Carmichael (November 22 1899 – December 27 1981 was an American Composer, Pianist, singer actor and bandleader Martin David Robinson ( September 26 1925 – December 8, 1982) was an American singer songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Raymond Thornton Chandler ( July 23, 1888 &ndash March 26, 1959) was an American Author of crime stories and novels Stephen Collins Foster (July 4 1826 – January 13 1864 known as the "father of American music" was the pre-eminent Songwriter in the United States A monologue is an extended uninterrupted speech or poem by a single person

After working for the U.S. Coast Guard^[8], he took his newly formed act to Monday nights at The Troubadour in Los Angeles, where musicians would line up all day for the opportunity to perform on stage that night. The Troubadour is a Nightclub located in West Hollywood California, USA at 9081 Santa Monica Boulevard just east of Doheny Drive In 1971, Waits moved to the Echo Park neighborhood of Los Angeles (at the time, also home to musicians Glenn Frey and J.D. Souther of the Eagles, Jackson Browne, and Frank Zappa) and signed with Herb Cohen at the age of 21. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Glenn Lewis Frey (born November 6, 1948 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American Musician, Singer, Songwriter JD Souther (born John David Souther, November 2, 1945 in Detroit Michigan and raised in Amarillo, Texas) is a Country Clyde Jackson Browne (born October 9, 1948) is a German -born American rock Singer-songwriter and Musician. Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director Herb Cohen (b New York, 1933 is a record company executive and businessman best known as the manager of Frank Zappa and many other Los Angeles -based From August to December 1971, Waits made a series of demo recordings for Cohen's Bizarre/Straight label, including many songs for which he would later become known. Bizarre Records was a Record label formed for artists discovered by Frank Zappa and his business partner/manager Herb Cohen. Straight Records was a Record label formed in 1969 to distribute productions and discoveries of Frank Zappa and his business partner/manager Herb Cohen These early tracks were eventually to be released twenty years later on The Early Years, Volume One and Volume Two. The Early Years Volume One is a retrospective album of Tom Waits songs consisting of recordings made before Waits's actual debut album Closing Time The Early Years Volume Two is a retrospective album of Tom Waits songs consisting of demo recordings made before Waits' actual debut album Closing

1970s: The Asylum Years

Waits signed to Asylum Records in 1972,^[9] and after numerous abortive recording sessions, his first record—the jazzy, folk-tinged Closing Time—was released in 1973. Asylum Records is an American Record label, owned by Warner Music Group, founded by agent-managers David Geffen and Elliot Roberts in 1971 Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States See also Folk (disambiguation, Volk (disambiguation Folk is one of the Germanic roots that mean "(of the people" or "our Closing Time is the debut album of Tom Waits, released in 1973 on Asylum Records, produced and arranged by former Lovin' Spoonful The album, which was produced and arranged by former Lovin' Spoonful member Jerry Yester, received warm reviews, but Waits did not gain widespread attention until a number of the album's tracks were covered by more prominent artists. The Lovin' Spoonful is an American Pop rock band of the 1960s named to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000 Jerry Yester (b 1942 ? is an American Folk rock musician Record producer, Arranger. Later in 1973, Tim Buckley released the album Sefronia, which contained a cover of Waits' song "Martha" from Closing Time, the first-ever cover of a Tom Waits song by a known artist. Timothy Charles Buckley III (February 14 1947 – June 29 1975 was an experimental Vocalist and Musician who incorporated Jazz, Psychedelia Sefronia is the eighth Album by Singer-songwriter Tim Buckley, released in 1973 ^[10] The album's opening track, "Ol' 55," was recorded by his labelmates the Eagles in 1974 for their On the Border album. On the Border is the third studio album by the American rock band Eagles, released in 1974 (see 1974 in music)

He began touring and opening for such artists as Charlie Rich, Martha and the Vandellas, and Frank Zappa. Charlie Rich ( December 14, 1932 - July 25, 1995) was an American Country Music Singer/Musician. Martha and the Vandellas (known from 1967 to 1972 as Martha Reeves and the Vandellas) were among the most successful groups in the Motown Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director Waits gained increasing critical acclaim and a loyal cult audience with his subsequent albums. The Heart of Saturday Night (1974), featuring the song "Looking for the Heart of Saturday Night," revealed Waits' roots as a nightclub performer, with half-spoken and half-crooned ballads often accompanied by a jazz backup band. The Heart of Saturday Night is the second Studio album by singer and songwriter Tom Waits, released in 1974 on Asylum Records. ^[11] Waits described the album as:

. . . a comprehensive study of a number of aspects of this search for the center of Saturday night, which Jack Kerouac relentlessly chased from one end of this country to the other, and I've attempted to scoop up a few diamonds of this magic that I see. Jack Kerouac ( March 12 1922 &ndash October 21 1969) was an American Novelist, Writer, Poet, and ^[12]

In 1975, Waits moved to the Tropicana Motel on Santa Monica Boulevard^[13] and released the double album Nighthawks at the Diner, recorded in a studio with a small audience in order to capture the ambience of a live show. State Route 2 is a State highway in the US state of California. Nighthawks at the Diner is an album by Tom Waits, released in 1975 on Asylum Records. The record exemplifies this phase of his career, including the lengthy spoken interludes between songs that punctuated his live act and the introduction to fans of his newly discovered, exaggeratedly gruff vocal delivery that would dominate many albums to come. That year, he also contributed backing vocals to Bonnie Raitt's "Sweet and Shiny Eyes," from her album Home Plate. Bonnie Lynn Raitt (born November 8, 1949) is an American Blues Singer-songwriter who was born in Burbank, California Home Plate is the fifth Album by Bonnie Raitt, released in 1975 (see 1975 in music)

At this time, Waits was drinking more and more heavily, and life on the road was starting to take its toll. Waits, looking back at the period, has said,

I was sick through that whole period[. . . ] It was starting to wear on me, all the touring. I'd been traveling quite a bit, living in hotels, eating bad food, drinking a lot—too much. There's a lifestyle that's there before you arrive and you're introduced to it. It's unavoidable. ^[14]

In reaction to these hardships, Waits recorded Small Change (1976), which finds Waits in a much more cynical and pessimistic mood, lyrically, with many songs such as "The Piano Has Been Drinking" and "Bad Liver and a Broken Heart" presenting a bare and honest portrayal of alcoholism while also cementing Waits' hard-living reputation in the eyes of many fans. Small Change is an album by Tom Waits, released in 1976 on Asylum Records. With the album, Waits asserted that he "tried to resolve a few things as far as this cocktail lounge, maudlin, crying-in-your-beer image that I have. There ain't nothin' funny about a drunk[. . . ] I was really starting to believe that there was something amusing and wonderfully American about being a drunk. I ended up telling myself to cut that shit out. "^[15] The album, which also included long-time fan favorite "Tom Traubert's Blues," featured famed drummer Shelly Manne and was, like his previous albums, heavily jazz influenced, with a lyrical style that owes a debt to Raymond Chandler and Charles Bukowski as well as a vocal delivery influenced by Louis Armstrong. A drummer is a Musician who plays a Drum or drums particularly a Drum kit ("drum set" or "trap set" Marching percussion Shelly Manne (June 11 1920&ndashSeptember 26 1984 born Sheldon Manne in New York City, was an American jazz drummer. Raymond Thornton Chandler ( July 23, 1888 &ndash March 26, 1959) was an American Author of crime stories and novels Henry Charles Bukowski ( August 16 1920 – March 9 1994) was a German American Poet, Novelist, and Louis Armstrong (August 4 1901 &ndash July 6 1971 nicknamed Satchmo or Sachimo and Pops, was an American Jazz Trumpeter

Small Change, which was accompanied by the double A-side single "Step Right Up"/"The Piano Has Been Drinking," was a critical and commercial success and far outsold any of Waits' previous albums, particularly Nighthawks at the Diner. With it, Waits broke onto Billboard's Top 100 Albums chart for the first time in his career (a feat Waits would not repeat until 1999 with the release of Mule Variations). ^[16] This resulted in a much higher public profile for Waits, which brought with it interviews and articles in Time magazine, Newsweek, and Vogue. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. Vogue is a Fashion and lifestyle Magazine published in eighteen countries by Condé Nast Publications. As a result of the commercial success of Small Change and the prestige it brought him, Waits was able to put together a regular touring band (he had previously toured solo, for the most part). He named his new backing band The Nocturnal Emissions, which featured Frank Vicari on tenor sax, Fitzgerald Jenkins on bass, and Chip White on percussion and vibes. Tom Waits and the Nocturnal Emissions toured the United States and Europe extensively from October 1976 until May 1977,^[16] including a performance of "The Piano Has Been Drinking" on cult BBC2 television music show The Old Grey Whistle Test in May 1976. The Old Grey Whistle Test (usually abbreviated to Whistle Test or OGWT) was an influential BBC2 television music show that ran from 1971 ^[17][18]

Foreign Affairs (1977) was musically in a similar vein to Small Change, but showed further artistic refinement and exploration into jazz and blues styles. Foreign Affairs is an album by Tom Waits, released in 1977 on Elektra Entertainment. Particularly noteworthy is the long cinematic spoken-word piece, "Potter's Field," set to an orchestral score. The album also features Bette Midler singing a duet with Waits on "I Never Talk to Strangers. Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is anAmerican Singer, Actress and Comedian, also known (as her informal stage name as " The album Blue Valentine (1978) displayed Waits' biggest musical departure to date, with much more focus on electric guitar and keyboards than on previous albums and nearly no strings (with the exception of album-opener "Somewhere"—a cover of Leonard Bernstein's song from West Side Story—and "Kentucky Avenue") for a darker, more blues-oriented and hard-edged sound. Blue Valentine is an album by Tom Waits, first released in 1978 on Elektra Entertainment. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes West Side Story is a musical by Arthur Laurents (book Leonard Bernstein (music and Stephen Sondheim (lyrics The song "Blue Valentines" was also unique for Waits in that it featured a desolate arrangement of solo electric guitar played by Ray Crawford, accompanied by Waits' vocal. It was around this time that Waits had a high profile romantic relationship with Rickie Lee Jones (who appears on the sleeve art of the Foreign Affairs and Blue Valentine albums). Rickie Lee Jones (born November 8, 1954) is a two-time Grammy Award -winning Vocalist, Musician, Songwriter, and producer In 1978, Waits also appeared in his first movie role alongside Sylvester Stallone in Paradise Alley as Mumbles the pianist, and contributed the original compositions "(Meet Me in) Paradise Alley" and "Annie's Back in Town" to the film's soundtrack. Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone (born July 6 1946 is an American Actor, director, producer and Screenwriter. Paradise Alley is a 1978 movie about three brothers (known as the Carboni Boys) in Hell's Kitchen, New York City in the 1940s who become involved in ^[19]

Heartattack and Vine, Waits' last studio album for Asylum, was released in 1980, featuring a developing sound that included both balladeer tendencies (on "Jersey Girl," for example) as well as rougher-edged rhythm and blues. Heartattack and Vine was Tom Waits ' last album on the Asylum label Though not entirely unprecedented, the album's grittier sound was different for Waits, and foreshadowed the major changes in his music that would take place in the following years. The same year, he began a long working relationship with Francis Ford Coppola, who asked Waits to provide music for his film One from the Heart. Francis Ford "Frank" Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award -winning American Film director, For the soundtrack recorded by Tom Waits and Crystal Gayle see One from the Heart (album One from the Heart is For Coppola's film, Waits originally wanted to work with Bette Midler, who previously sang a duet with him on the Billie Holiday-esque track, "I Never Talk to Strangers" from Foreign Affairs; but due to previous engagements, Midler was unavailable. Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is anAmerican Singer, Actress and Comedian, also known (as her informal stage name as Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7 1915 – July 17 1959 was an American Jazz singer and songwriter Instead, Waits ended up working with singer/songwriter Crystal Gayle as his vocal foil for the album. Crystal Gayle (born January 9, 1951) is an American country singer best known for a series of country-pop crossover hits in the late 1970s

1980s: The Island Years

In August 1980, Waits married Kathleen Brennan, whom he had met on the set of One from the Heart. Kathleen Brennan was born in Johnsburg Illinois, as noted by her husband and musical collaborator Tom Waits, in the song of the same name For the soundtrack recorded by Tom Waits and Crystal Gayle see One from the Heart (album One from the Heart is Brennan is regularly credited as coauthor of many songs in his later albums, and Waits often cites her as a major influence on his work. She introduced him to the music of Captain Beefheart; despite having shared a manager with Beefheart in the 1970s, Waits says, "I became more acquainted with him when I got married. Don Van Vliet (born Donald Glen Vliet on January 15 1941, in Glendale California, U "^[20] Waits would later describe his relationship with Brennan as a paradigm shift in his musical development. Paradigm shift, sometimes known as extraordinary science or revolutionary science, is the term first used by Thomas Kuhn in his influential After leaving Asylum, the label released the first Tom Waits "Best of" album in 1981, a collection called Bounced Checks, notable for including an alternate, stripped down version of "Jersey Girl" and the otherwise unreleased "Mr. Bounced Checks is the first compilation of Tom Waits recordings including album live and alternate versions of songs from six of his seven albums for Asylum Henry. " In the few years before Waits would re-emerge with his new musical style, he appeared in a series of minor movie roles, including a small cameo in Wolfen (1981) as an inebriated piano player. ^[21] One from the Heart received its official theatrical release in 1982, with Waits appearing in a cameo as a trumpet player as well as receiving an Oscar nomination for Original Song Score (eventually losing out to Victor/Victoria, by Henry Mancini and Leslie Bricusse). "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The Academy Award for Original Music Score is presented to the best substantial body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring written specifically ---- Victor/Victoria is a 1982 Musical comedy film which involves Transvestism and Sexual identity as central themes Henry Mancini ( April 16, 1924 &ndash June 14, 1994) was an Academy Award winning American Composer, conductor Leslie Bricusse (born 29 January 1931) is a British lyricist and composer This marked the first in a series of collaborations between Waits and Francis Ford Coppola, with Waits appearing in cameos in Coppola's movies The Outsiders (1983), Rumble Fish (1983), and The Cotton Club (1984). Francis Ford "Frank" Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award -winning American Film director, The Outsiders is a Film adaptation of the novel of the same name by S Rumble Fish is a 1983 film directed produced and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. The Cotton Club is a 1984 crime - drama, centered on a popular real-life Harlem Jazz club in the 1930s the Cotton

After leaving Asylum Records for Island Records, Waits released Swordfishtrombones in 1983, a record that marked a sharp turn in Waits' output and which gave rise to his reputation as a musical maverick. Asylum Records is an American Record label, owned by Warner Music Group, founded by agent-managers David Geffen and Elliot Roberts in 1971 Island Records is a Record label that was founded by British record producers in Jamaica. Swordfishtrombones is an album by American Singer-songwriter Tom Waits, released in September 1983 (see 1983 in music) The album advances all the musical experimentation of earlier recordings, including variations in instrumentation (e. g. , the use of bagpipes in "Town with No Cheer" or the marimba on "Shore Leave") and vocalizing (e. Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag In some parts of Africa the term "marimba" refers to the Kalimba. g. , the spoken word of "Frank's Wild Years" or the bark of "16 Shells from a Thirty Ought Six") and much less of the traditional piano-and-strings ballad sound with which Waits had always previously balanced his recordings. Spoken word is a form of literary Art or artistic performance in which Lyrics, Poetry, or stories are spoken rather than sung Apart from Captain Beefheart and some of Dr. John's early output, there was little precedent in popular music for Swordfishtrombones or Waits' equally idiosyncratic subsequent albums, Rain Dogs (1985) and Franks Wild Years (1987). Dr John (also Dr John Creaux) is the Stage name of Malcolm John Rebennack Jr Rain Dogs is an album by Tom Waits, released in August 1985. It peaked at #188 on Billboard 's Top 200 albums chart Franks Wild Years is an album by Tom Waits, released 1987 on Island Records.

Waits had earlier played either piano or guitar, but he began to tire of these instruments, saying, "Your hands are like dogs, going to the same places they've been. You have to be careful when playing is no longer in the mind but in the fingers, going to happy places. You have to break them of their habits or you don't explore; you only play what is confident and pleasing. I'm learning to break those habits by playing instruments I know absolutely nothing about, like a bassoon or a waterphone. "^[22] The instrumentation and orchestration in these and later albums were often quite eclectic. ^[22] Waits' self-described "Junkyard Orchestra" included wheezing pump organs, clattering percussion (sometimes reminiscent of the music of Harry Partch), bleary horn sections (often featuring Ralph Carney playing in the style of brass bands or soul music), nearly atonal guitar (perhaps best typified by Marc Ribot's contributions), and obsolete instruments (many of Waits' albums have featured a damaged, unpredictable Chamberlin, and more recent albums have included the little-used Stroh violin). The pump organ is a version of the Reed organ where the player maintains the air pressure needed for creating the sound in the free reeds by pumping pedals with their feet Harry Partch ( June 24, 1901 &ndash September 3, 1974) was an American Composer and instrument creator Ralph Carney (born January 23, 1956, Akron, Ohio, USA) is an American musician A brass band is a Musical group generally consisting entirely of Brass instruments, most often with a percussion section Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Marc Ribot ( born 21 May 1954 in Newark New Jersey) is an American Guitarist and Composer. The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical Keyboard instrument related to the Mellotron. A Stroh violin, or violinophone, is a Violin that amplifies its sound through a metal resonator and metal horns rather than a wooden sound box as on

Along with a new instrumental approach, Waits gradually altered his singing style to sound less like the late-night crooner of the 70s, instead adopting a number of techniques: a gravelly sound reminiscent of Howlin' Wolf; a booming, feral bark; or a strained, nearly shrieking falsetto that Waits jokingly describes as his Prince voice. Chester Burnett redirects here For the American football player see Chester Burnett (American football Chester Arthur Burnett ( June 10, 1910 Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician Tom Moon describes Waits' voice as a "broad-spectrum assault weapon. "^[23] His songwriting shifted as well, becoming somewhat more abstract and embracing a number of styles largely ignored in pop music, including primal blues, cabaret stylings, rumbas, theatrical approaches in the style of Kurt Weill, tango music, and early country music and European folk music as well as the Tin Pan Alley-era songs that influenced his early output. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Kurt Julian Weill ( March 2, 1900 &ndash April 3, Tango is a style of music that originated among European immigrant populations of Argentina and Uruguay. Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City -centered music publishers and Songwriters who dominated the popular He also recorded a few spoken word pieces influenced by Ken Nordine's "word jazz" records of the 1950s. Ken Nordine (born April 13, 1920) is an American Voiceover and recording artist best known for his series of Word Jazz

Waits' new emphasis on experimenting with various styles and instrumentation reached its pinnacle on 1985's Rain Dogs, a sprawling nineteen-song collection considered by many fans and critics to be among his finest works to date (the album was ranked #21 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 greatest albums of the 1980s. Rain Dogs is an album by Tom Waits, released in August 1985. It peaked at #188 on Billboard 's Top 200 albums chart Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published In 2003, the album was ranked number 397 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published ) Contributions from renowned guitarists Marc Ribot, Robert Quine, and Keith Richards contributed to Waits' ever-increasing move away from piano-based songs, in juxtaposition with an increased emphasis on instruments such as marimba, accordion, double bass, trombone, and banjo. Robert W Quine ( December 30, 1942 – May 31, 2004) was an American Guitarist, known for his innovative Guitar solos Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943 is an English Guitarist, Songwriter, Singer, producer and a founding member of The Rolling In some parts of Africa the term "marimba" refers to the Kalimba. The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s The banjo is a Stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States, adapted from several African instruments The album also spawned the 12″ single "Downtown Train/Tango Till They're Sore/Jockey Full of Bourbon," with Jean Baptiste Mondino filming a promotional video for "Downtown Train" (which would later become a hit for Rod Stewart), featuring a cameo from boxing legend Jake La Motta. Jean-Baptiste Mondino (born Aubervilliers, France in 1949 is a French Fashion photographer and Music video director. " Downtown Train " is a song by Tom Waits released on his album Rain Dogs in 1985 Roderick "Rod" David Stewart, CBE (born 10 January 1945 is a Singer and Songwriter born and raised in London England and currently Giacobe LaMotta (born July 10, 1921) better known as Jake LaMotta, nicknamed " The Bronx Bull " and " The Raging Bull The album peaked at #188 on Billboard's Top 200 albums chart; however, its reputation has come to far outshine low initial sales. The Billboard charts are music sales airplay and digital ranking reports distributed to the general public by Billboard magazine

Franks Wild Years, a musical play by Waits and Brennan, was staged as an off-Broadway musical in 1986, directed by Gary Sinise,^[24] in a successful run at Chicago's famed Steppenwolf Theater. Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Gary Alan Sinise (born March 17, 1955) is an American Actor and Film director. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Steppenwolf Theatre Company is a Tony Award -winning Chicago theatre company founded in 1974 by Gary Sinise, Terry Kinney and Jeff Perry Waits himself played the lead role of Frank onstage. This continued Waits' involvement in other artistic forms as he developed his acting career with several supporting roles and a lead role in Jim Jarmusch's Down by Law in 1986, which also featured two of Waits' songs from Rain Dogs in the soundtrack. Jim Jarmusch (born January 22 1953 in Akron Ohio; ˈdʒɑrməʃ is an American independent Film director. Down by Law is a 1986 Black-and-white Independent film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch. In the same year, Waits also contributed piano and vocals to the song "Sleep Tonight" on The Rolling Stones album Dirty Work. Dirty Work is The Rolling Stones ' 18th studio album (or the 21st counting their US releases

1987 saw the release of the album Franks Wild Years (subtitled "Un Operachi Romantico in Two Acts"), which included studio versions from Waits' play of the same name. Franks Wild Years is an album by Tom Waits, released 1987 on Island Records. The album saw a heightened emphasis on brass instrumentation and a further broadening of Waits' musical palette. Rolling Stone summed up the album's myriad styles this way: "Everything from sleazy strip-show blues to cheesy waltzes to supercilious lounge lizardry is given spare, jarring arrangements using various combinations of squawking horns, bashed drums, plucked banjo, snaky double bass, carnival organ and jaunty accordion. "^[25] Waits also continued to further his acting career with a supporting role as Rudy the Kraut in Ironweed (an adaptation of William Kennedy's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel) alongside Jack Nicholson and Meryl Streep, as well as a part in Robert Frank's Candy Mountain, in which Waits also performed the songs "Big Rock Candy Mountain" and "Once More Before I Go. Ironweed is a 1987 film directed by Argentine-born Brazilian Hector Babenco. William Kennedy may refer to William Nassau Kennedy (1839&ndash1885 second Mayor of Winnipeg Manitoba Canada William J The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson (born April 22 1937) is an American Actor, internationally renowned for his often dark-themed portrayals Mary Louise "Meryl" Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an award-winning American Actress who has worked in Theatre, Robert Frank (born November 9, 1924) born in Zürich, Switzerland, is an important figure in American Photography Candy Mountain is a 1988 Drama film about a musician who sets off to find a legendary guitar maker in the hopes that he can strike a deal with him " Big Rock Candy Mountain " is a Song about a Hobo 's idea of Paradise - a modern version of the Medieval concept of Cockaigne " In 1988, Waits performed in Big Time, a surreal concert movie and soundtrack which he cowrote with his wife. Big Time is a live album of Tom Waits performances released in 1988 on Island Records.

In 1989, Waits appeared in his final theatrical stage role to date, appearing as Curly in Thomas Babe's "Demon Wine" alongside Bill Pullman, Philip Baker Hall, Carol Kane, and Bud Cort. Thomas Babe (born March 13 1941 in Buffalo New York) was an American playwright writing mainly during the mid 70s and 80s William James Pullman (born December 17, 1953) is an American film television and stage actor Philip Baker Hall (born September 10, 1931) is an American Actor. Carolyn Laurie Kane (born June 18 1952) is an Emmy Award -winning and Oscar -nominated American actress, known for her work Bud Cort (born March 29, 1948) is an American Film and stage Actor, writer, and director. The play opened at the Los Angeles Theater Center in February 1989 to mixed reviews, although Waits' performance was singled out by a number of reviewers, including John C. Mahoney, who described his performance as "mesmerizing. "^[26] Waits also finished the decade with appearances in three movies: as the voice of a radio DJ in Jim Jarmusch's Mystery Train; as Kenny the Hitman in Robert Dornheim's Cold Feet; and the lead role of Punch & Judy man Silva in Bearskin: An Urban Fairytale. Mystery Train is a 1989 Anthology film written and directed by Independent film director Jim Jarmusch and set in Memphis His only musical output of the year consisted of contributing his cover of Phil Phillips' "Sea of Love" to the soundtrack of the Al Pacino movie of the same name^[27] and contributing vocals to The Replacements song "Date to Church," which appeared as a B-side to their single I'll Be You. Phil Phillips (born Philip Baptiste, 14 March 1926, Lake Charles, Louisiana) is an American Singer and " Sea of Love " is a song written by John Phillip Baptiste (aka Phil Phillips) and George Khoury Alfredo James “Al” Pacino (born April 25 1940 is an Academy - BAFTA - Golden Globe - Emmy - & Screen Actors Guild Award-Winning Sea of Love is a 1989 crime / thriller film about New York City detective Frank Keller trying to catch a Serial killer who The Replacements were an American Alternative rock band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1979 " I'll Be You " was the lead single from The Replacements ' seventh studio album Don't Tell a Soul in 1989 and was written by lead

1990s

The Black Rider: The Casting of the Magic Bullets—a theatrical collaboration of Waits, director Robert Wilson, and writer William S. Burroughs—premiered at Hamburg's Thalia Theatre on 31 March 1990. The Black Rider The Casting of the Magic Bullets is a self-billed "musical fable" in the Avant-garde tradition created through the collaboration of theatre Robert Wilson (born 4 October 1941) is an American Avant-garde Stage director and Playwright who has been called "'s William Seward Burroughs II ( – ˈbʌroʊz was an American Novelist, Essayist, Social critic, painter and Spoken word Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The project was based on a German folktale called Der Freischütz, with Wilson responsible for the design and direction, Burroughs for writing the book, and Waits for music and lyrics, which were heavily influenced by the works of Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological Der Freischütz is an Opera in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber to a Libretto by Friedrich Kind. (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Kurt Julian Weill ( March 2, 1900 &ndash April 3, In the same year, Waits contributed a cover of Cole Porter's "It's All Right with Me" to Red Hot + Blue, the first in the series of compilation albums from the Red Hot Organization—one of the first major AIDS benefits in the music business—which sold over a million copies worldwide. Cole Albert Porter (June 9 1891 &ndash October 15 1964 was an American Composer and songwriter from Peru, Indiana. " It's All Right With Me " is a 1953 popular Song written by Cole Porter, for his musical Can-Can, where it was introduced Red Hot + Blue is the first in the series of Compilation albums from the Red Hot Organization. A compilation album is an Album ( Music or Spoken-word) featuring tracks from one or multiple Recording artists, often culled from a variety of Red Hot Organization (RHO is an International organization dedicated to fighting AIDS through Pop culture. Jim Jarmusch directed a promotional video for the song. Jim Jarmusch (born January 22 1953 in Akron Ohio; ˈdʒɑrməʃ is an American independent Film director. ^[28] He also collaborated with photographer Sylvia Plachy in the same year; her book Sylvia Plachy's Unguided Tour includes a short Waits record to accompany the photographs and text. Sylvia Plachy (born 1943) is a Hungarian/American Photographer.

The following year, Waits—despite not releasing a studio album proper—was extremely busy working on movie soundtracks, acting, and contributing to a number of music projects by other artists. First, Waits appeared on the Primus album Sailing the Seas of Cheese as the voice of "Tommy the Cat," which exposed him to a new audience in alternative rock. Primus is an American rock band currently composed of singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry "Ler" LaLonde, and Sailing the Seas of Cheese is the second Album and major-label debut by Primus, released on May 14 1991 Tommy the Cat is a song by the Funk metal band Primus, first released in 1989 on their live debut Suck on This. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of This was the first of several collaborations between Waits and the group; Les Claypool (Primus' singer and bassist) would appear on several subsequent Waits releases. Leslie Edward "Les" Claypool (born September 29, 1963 in Richmond, California, U The same year saw Waits provide spoken word contributions to Devout Catalyst, an album by one of Waits' greatest influences, Ken Nordine, on the songs "A Thousand Bing Bangs" and "The Movie. Ken Nordine (born April 13, 1920) is an American Voiceover and recording artist best known for his series of Word Jazz " He also contributed vocals to two songs ("Little Man" and "I'm Not Your Fool Anymore") on jazz tenor saxophonist Teddy Edwards' album Mississippi Lad. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s Theodore Marcus "Teddy" Edwards ( April 26, 1924 &ndash April 20, 2003) was an American Jazz tenor Saxophonist Edwards was extremely complimentary of Waits' contributions, saying:

Tom Waits is the one who got me my conract^[sic] with PolyGram. Sic is a Latin word meaning "thus" "so" "as such" or "just as that" He's wonderful, he's America's best lyricist since Johnny Mercer. He came down to the studio on the Mississippi Lad album, that's the first one I did for PolyGram, and he sang two of my songs, wouldn't accept any money, just trying to give me the best boost that he could. ^[29]

The only collection of exclusively Waits-performed material of 1991 appeared when Waits composed and conducted the almost exclusively instrumental music for Jim Jarmusch's 1991 film Night on Earth, which was released as an album the following year. The year 1991 in film involved some significant events Events April 28 - Bonnie Night on Earth is a 1991 film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch. In July 1991, Screamin' Jay Hawkins released the album Black Music for White People, which features covers of two Tom Waits compositions: "Heart Attack and Vine" (which later that year was used in a European Levi's advertisement without Waits' permission, resulting in a lawsuit) and "Ice Cream Man. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. See also 1991 in music (UK Musical groups established in 1991 Record labels Jalacy Hawkins, best known as Screamin' Jay Hawkins ( July 18, 1929 &ndash February 12, 2000) was an African-American singer Levi Strauss & Co (LS&CO is a privately held Clothing company known worldwide for its Levi's brand of Denim Jeans. " Waits continued to appear in movie acting roles, the most significant of which was his uncredited cameo as a disabled veteran in Terry Gilliam's The Fisher King. Terrence Vance Gilliam (born 22 November 1940) is an American -born British Writer, Filmmaker, Animator and member The Fisher King is a Comedy-drama Film made in 1991, written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Terry Gilliam. He also appeared alongside Kevin Bacon, John Malkovich, and Jamie Lee Curtis in Steve Rash's Queens Logic, and opposite Tom Berenger and Kathy Bates in Hector Babenco's film At Play in the Fields of the Lord, adapted from Peter Matthiessen's 1965 novel. Kevin Norwood Bacon (born July 8 1958 is a Golden Globe - and Screen Actors Guild Award -nominated American Film and Theater John Gavin Malkovich (born December 9, 1953) is an Emmy Award -winning two-time Academy Award -nominated American Actor Jamie Lee Curtis (born November 22 1958 is a two-time Golden Globe -winning BAFTA -winning and Emmy -nominated American Film Queens Logic is a 1991 comedy from Seven Arts Pictures and starring Kevin Bacon and Linda Fiorentino. Tom Berenger (born May 31, 1948) is an Academy Award -nominated and Golden Globe -winning American Actor known mainly for Kathleen Doyle "Kathy" Bates (born June 28, 1948) is an Academy Award two-time Golden Globe and two-time Screen Actors Guild Héctor Eduardo Babenco (born February 7, 1946 in Buenos Aires but raised in Mar del Plata) is an Academy Award -nominated Argentine At Play in the Fields of the Lord ( 1991) is a Drama film directed by Hector Babenco adapted from the 1965 novel of the same name by Peter Matthiessen (born May 22[[ 927]] in New York City) is an American novelist and nonfiction writer and an environmental activist The year 1965 in literature involved some significant events and new books

Bone Machine, Waits' first studio album in five years, was released in 1992. Bone Machine is a critically acclaimed and award-winning album by Tom Waits, released in 1992 on Island Records. The stark record featured a great deal of percussion and guitar (with little piano or sax), marking another change in Waits' sound. Critic Steve Huey calls it "perhaps Tom Waits' most cohesive album. . . a morbid, sinister nightmare, one that applied the quirks of his experimental '80s classics to stunningly evocative—and often harrowing—effect. . . Waits' most affecting and powerful recording, even if it isn't his most accessible. "^[30] Bone Machine was awarded a Grammy in the Best Alternative Album category. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences 19 December 1992 saw the premiere of Alice, Waits' second theatrical project with Robert Wilson, at the Thalia Theatre, Hamburg. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Paul Schmidt adapted the text from the works of Lewis Carroll (Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, in particular), with songs by Waits and Kathleen Brennan presented as intersections with the text rather than as expansions of the story, as would be the case in conventional musical theater. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (ˈdɒdsən (27 January 1832 &ndash 14 January 1898 better known by the Pen name Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ was an English Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865 is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson better known under the Pseudonym Lewis Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There ( 1871) is a work of Children's literature by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson These songs would be recorded by Waits as a studio album ten years later on Alice. Alice is an album by Tom Waits, released in 2002 on Epitaph Records (under the Anti sub-label ^[31]

1993's The Black Rider contained studio versions of the songs that Waits had written for the musical of the same name three years previously, with the exceptions of "Chase the Clouds Away" and "In the Morning," which appeared in the theatrical production but not on the studio album. The Black Rider is an album by Tom Waits, released in 1993 on Island Records. The Black Rider The Casting of the Magic Bullets is a self-billed "musical fable" in the Avant-garde tradition created through the collaboration of theatre William S. Burroughs also guests on vocals on "'TAin't No Sin. William Seward Burroughs II ( – ˈbʌroʊz was an American Novelist, Essayist, Social critic, painter and Spoken word " In the same year, Waits lent his vocals to Gavin Bryars' 75-minute reworking of his 1971 classical music piece Jesus' Blood Never Failed Me Yet; appeared in Robert Altman's film version of Raymond Carver's stories Short Cuts and Jim Jarmusch's Coffee and Cigarettes: Somewhere in California, a short black and white movie with Iggy Pop; and his third child, son Sullivan, was born. Richard Gavin Bryars (born 16 January 1943) is an English Composer and Double bassist He has been active in or has produced works in a variety Jesus' Blood Never Failed Me Yet is a 1971 composition by Gavin Bryars. Robert Bernard Altman (February 20 1925 – November 20 2006 was an American Film director known for making films that are highly naturalistic, but with Raymond Clevie Carver Jr ( May 25, 1938 &ndash August 2, 1988) was an American Short story Writer Short Cuts is a 1993 Drama film directed by Robert Altman. Filmed from a screenplay by Robert Altman and Frank Barhydt it is inspired by nine Jim Jarmusch (born January 22 1953 in Akron Ohio; ˈdʒɑrməʃ is an American independent Film director. Coffee and Cigarettes Somewhere in California (also known as Coffee and Cigarettes III) is a 1993 Black-and-white Short film directed James Newell Osterberg Jr (born April 21, 1947) better known by his Stage name Iggy Pop, is an American rock singer Songwriter

In 1998, after Island Records released the compilation Beautiful Maladies: The Island Years, Waits left the label for Epitaph. Epitaph Records is a Hollywood California based Record label owned by Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz. Epitaph's president, Andy Kaulkin, said that the label was ". . . blown away that Tom would even consider us. We are huge fans. "^[32] Waits himself was full of praise for the label, saying "Epitaph is rare for being owned and operated by musicians. They have good taste and a load of enthusiasm, plus they're nice people. And they gave me a brand-new Cadillac, of course. Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. "^[32]

Waits' first album on his new label, Mule Variations, was issued in 1999. Mule Variations is an album by Tom Waits, released 1999 on the ANTI- sub-label of Epitaph Records. Billboard described the album as musically melding "backwoods blues, skewed gospel, and unruly art stomp into a sublime piece of junkyard sound sculpture. See Billboard (Turkish magazine Billboard is a weekly American Magazine devoted to the Music industry "^[33] The album was Waits' first release to feature a turntablist. Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer. The album won a Grammy in 2000; though as an indicator of how difficult it is to classify Waits' music, he was nominated simultaneously for Best Contemporary Folk Album (which he won) and Best Male Rock Vocal Performance (for the song "Hold On")—both different from the genre for which he won his previous Grammy. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences The album was also his highest-charting album in the U. S. to date, reaching #30.

The same year, Waits made the foray into producing music for other artists, teaming up with his old friend Chuck E. Weiss to coproduce (with his wife, Kathleen Brennan) Extremely Cool as well as appearing on the record as a guest vocalist and guitarist. Chuck E Weiss is an American songwriter and vocalist He grew up in Denver Colorado, where his parents owned a record store (Record Center 1999 also saw Waits contribute a cover of Alexander Skip Spence's "Books of Moses" to More Oar (A Tribute to Alexander "Skip" Spence), a collection of covers of the singer's songs on Birdman records. Alexander Lee "Skip" Spence ( April 18, 1946 – April 16, 1999) was a Musician and Singer-songwriter best known ^[27] On the acting front, Waits appeared in the comedy Mystery Men as eccentric scientist "Dr. Mystery Men is a 1999 Comedy film directed by TV commercial director Kinka Usher Heller," who invents eccentric nonlethal weaponry such as the Blamethrower, Clothes Shrinker, and the Tornado-in-a-Can.

2000s

John Hammond's Wicked Grin, a collection of Waits cover songs, was released in 2001. John P Hammond (born John Paul Hammond, 13 November 1942, New York) (often mistakenly known as "John Hammond Jr" which In Popular music, a cover version, or simply cover, is a new rendition ( Performance or Recording) of a previously recorded commercially released Waits appears on most songs, playing guitar, piano, and/or offering backing vocals. The album also includes the traditional hymn "I Know I've Been Changed," performed as a duet by Hammond and Waits.

In 2002, Waits simultaneously released two albums, Alice and Blood Money. Alice is an album by Tom Waits, released in 2002 on Epitaph Records (under the Anti sub-label Both collections had been written almost ten years previously and were based on theatrical collaborations with Robert Wilson; the former a musical play about Lewis Carroll, and the latter an interpretation of Georg Büchner's play fragment Woyzeck. Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (ˈdɒdsən (27 January 1832 &ndash 14 January 1898 better known by the Pen name Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ was an English Karl Georg Büchner ( October 17, 1813 &ndash February 19, 1837) was a German Dramatist and Writer of prose Woyzeck is a Stage play written by Georg Büchner. He left the work incomplete at his death but it has been variously and posthumously "finished" Both albums revisit the tango Tin Pan Alley and spoken-word influences of Swordfishtrombones, while the lyrics are both profoundly cynical and melancholic, exemplified by the misanthropically titled "Misery is the River of the World" and "Everything Goes to Hell. Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City -centered music publishers and Songwriters who dominated the popular " "Always Keep a Diamond in Your Mind," which Waits wrote for Wilson's Woyzeck, did not appear on Blood Money; however, it did emerge on Solomon Burke's album Don't Give Up on Me of the same year. Solomon Burke (born March 21 1940) is an American Grammy Award -winning Singer / Songwriter. Don't Give Up on Me is a Studio album by R&B / Soul singer Solomon Burke, recorded and released in 2002 on Fat Possum While Waits has played the song live a number of times,^[34][35] no official version has ever been released. The same year, Waits contributed a version of "The Return of Jackie and Judy"^[27] by The Ramones to the compilation album We're a Happy Family—A Tribute to Ramones, which was released in 2003 on Columbia. The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first Punk rock group

Real Gone, Waits' first nontheatrical studio album since Mule Variations five years previous, was released in 2004. Real Gone is an album by Tom Waits, released October 3, 2004 in Europe, and October 5 in USA (see It is Waits' only album to date to feature absolutely no piano on any of its tracks. Waits beatboxes on the opening track, "Top of the Hill," and most of the album's songs begin with Waits' "vocal percussion" improvisations. It is also more rock-oriented, with less blues influence than he has previously demonstrated, and it contains an explicitly political song—a first for Waits. In the album-closing "The Day After Tomorrow," he adopts the persona of a soldier's writing home that he is disillusioned with war and is thankful to be leaving. A persona, in the word's everyday usage is a social Role or a character played by an Actor. The song does not mention the Iraq war specifically, and, as Tom Moon writes, "It could be the voice of a Civil War soldier singing a lonesome late-night dirge. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South " Waits himself does describe the song as something of an "elliptical" protest song about the Iraqi invasion, however. A protest song is a Song which Protests against perceived problems in Society. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Thom Jurek describes "The Day After Tomorrow" as "one of the most insightful and understated antiwar songs to have been written in decades. The term anti-war usually refers to the opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. It contains not a hint of banality or sentiment in its folksy articulation. "^[36] The same year, Waits contributed backing vocals to the track "Go Tell It on the Mountain" on the Grammy Award (Best Traditional Gospel Album)-winning album of the same name by The Blind Boys of Alabama. " Go Tell It on the Mountain " is an African-American spiritual dating back to at least 1865 that has been sung and recorded by many gospel and secular performers The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences The Grammy Award for Best Traditional Gospel Album has been awarded since 1991 Go Tell It on the Mountain is a Grammy Award winning Christmas album by The Blind Boys of Alabama, released in 2003 The Blind Boys of Alabama are a gospel group from Alabama that first formed at the Alabama Institute for the Negro Blind in 1939. He also contributed a version of Daniel Johnston's "King Kong"^[27] to the tribute album The Late Great Daniel Johnston: Discovered Covered, released on Gammon Records. Daniel Dale Johnston (born January 22 1961 is an American Singer, Songwriter, Musician, and Artist. The Late Great Daniel Johnston Discovered Covered is a 2004 Gammon Records two-disc set

At this time, Waits made a return to acting after a five-year break, marked at first by the re-release of his 1993 Jim Jarmusch-directed short Coffee and Cigarettes: Somewhere in California, costarring Iggy Pop, compiled in Coffee and Cigarettes. Jim Jarmusch (born January 22 1953 in Akron Ohio; ˈdʒɑrməʃ is an American independent Film director. Coffee and Cigarettes Somewhere in California (also known as Coffee and Cigarettes III) is a 1993 Black-and-white Short film directed James Newell Osterberg Jr (born April 21, 1947) better known by his Stage name Iggy Pop, is an American rock singer Songwriter Coffee and Cigarettes is a 2003 Independent film directed by Jim Jarmusch. In 2005, Waits appeared in the Tony Scott film Domino as the character of "The Wanderer," a religious soothsayer. Anthony D L "Tony" Scott (born 21 July 1944) is a British Film director. Domino is a 2005 Action Film inspired by the story of Domino Harvey, the English daughter of stage and screen actor Laurence Harvey In the same year, Waits appeared as himself in Roberto Benigni's romantic comedy La Tigre e la Neve, set in occupied Baghdad during the Iraq War. Roberto Remigio Benigni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (born 27 October 1952 is an Academy Award -winning Italian actor writer and director of La tigre e la neve (The Tiger and the Snow is a 2005 Italian movie starring and directed by Roberto Benigni. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign In the movie, Waits appears in a dream scene as himself, singing the ballad You Can Never Hold Back Spring ^[27] and accompanying himself at the piano.

A 54-song three-disc box set of rarities, unreleased tracks, and brand-new compositions called Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards was released in November 2006. Orphans Brawlers Bawlers & Bastards is a limited edition three CD set by Tom Waits, released by the ANTI- label on November 17 The three discs are subdivided relating to their content: "Brawlers" features Waits' more upbeat rock and blues songs; "Bawlers," his ballads and love songs; and "Bastards," songs that fit in neither category, including a number of spoken-word tracks. A video for the song "Lie to Me" was produced as a promotion for the collection. Orphans also continues Waits' newfound interest in politics, with a song about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, "Road To Peace. " The album is also notable for containing a number of covers of songs by other artists, including The Ramones ("The Return of Jackie and Judy" and "Danny Says"), Daniel Johnston ("King Kong"), Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht ("What Keeps Mankind Alive"), and Leadbelly ("Goodnight Irene"), as well as renditions of works by poets and authors admired by Waits, such as Charles Bukowski and Jack Kerouac. In Popular music, a cover version, or simply cover, is a new rendition ( Performance or Recording) of a previously recorded commercially released The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first Punk rock group Daniel Dale Johnston (born January 22 1961 is an American Singer, Songwriter, Musician, and Artist. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Kurt Julian Weill ( March 2, 1900 &ndash April 3, (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. Huddie William Ledbetter, (January 1888 – December 6 1949 was an American folk and Blues Musician, notable for his clear and forceful singing Henry Charles Bukowski ( August 16 1920 – March 9 1994) was a German American Poet, Novelist, and Jack Kerouac ( March 12 1922 &ndash October 21 1969) was an American Novelist, Writer, Poet, and Waits' albums Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards and Alice are both included in metacritic.com's list of the "Top 200: Best-Reviewed Albums"^[37] since 2000 at #9 and #19, respectively (as of November 2007). Metacritic is a Website that collates reviews of music Albums games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and Books. 2006 also saw Waits' guest appearance on Sparklehorse's album Dreamt for Light Years in the Belly of a Mountain, playing piano on the track "Morning Hollow. Sparklehorse is a United States Rock music group led by singer and multi-instrumentalist Mark Linkous, who records much of Sparklehorse's material in his home Dreamt for Light Years in the Belly of a Mountain is the fourth album by Sparklehorse. "

Five different versions of Waits' song 'Way Down in the Hole' have been used as the opening theme songs for the HBO television show The Wire. Waits' own version, from the 1987 album Franks Wild Years was used for series two. Franks Wild Years is an album by Tom Waits, released 1987 on Island Records.

Recently, Waits has made a number of high-profile television and concert appearances. In November 2006, Waits appeared on The Daily Show and performed "The Day After Tomorrow. The Daily Show (known in its current incarnation as The Daily Show " This was significant for his having been only the third performing guest on the show—the first being Tenacious D, and the second, The White Stripes. Tenacious D is a Satirical Rock band formed in Los Angeles California. The White Stripes is an American Garage rock band, formed in 1997 in Detroit, Michigan. On 4 May 2007, Waits performed "Lucinda" and "Ain't Goin' Down to the Well" from Orphans on the last show of a week Late Night with Conan O'Brien spent in San Francisco. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Orphans Brawlers Bawlers & Bastards is a limited edition three CD set by Tom Waits, released by the ANTI- label on November 17 Late Night with Conan O'Brien is an Emmy Award -winning American late-night Talk show hosted by Conan O'Brien on NBC The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city There was a short interview after the last performance. Waits also played in the Bridge School Benefit on 27 and 28 October 2007 with the Kronos Quartet. The Bridge School Benefit is an annual non-profit charity concert held in Mountain View California every October at the Shoreline Amphitheatre. Kronos Quartet is a String quartet founded by Violinist David Harrington in 1973

On 10 July 2007, Waits released the download-only digital single "Diamond In Your Mind. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. " The version of the song was recorded with the Kronos Quartet, with Greg Cohen, Philip Glass, and The Dalai Lama at the benefit concert "Healing The Divide: A Concert for Peace and Reconciliation" at Avery Fisher Hall, recorded on 21 September 2003. Greg Cohen is a Jazz bassist He is perhaps best known for his work with John Zorn 's Masada quartet; more recently he has been touring with Ornette WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Philip Glass (born January 31 The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. Avery Fisher Hall, located in New York City, is a part of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Most recently, Waits' song "Trampled Rose" appeared on the critically acclaimed album Raising Sand, a collaboration between Robert Plant and Alison Krauss. Real Gone is an album by Tom Waits, released October 3, 2004 in Europe, and October 5 in USA (see Raising Sand is a collaboration album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss. Robert Anthony Plant (born 20 August 1948 West Bromwich, England) is an English rock singer and songwriter famous for his membership in the Alison Krauss ( born July 23 1971 is an American bluegrass - country singer and Fiddle player Waits also provided guest vocals on the song "Pray" by fellow ANTI- artists The Book of Knots on their album Traineater. ANTI- is an American Record label founded in 1999 as a sister label of Epitaph Records. ^[38]

On 22 January 2008, Waits made a rare live appearance in Los Angeles, performing at a benefit for Bet Tzedek Legal Services—The House of Justice, a nonprofit poverty law center. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West ^[39]

On 3 October 2007, the Terry Gilliam fan site, "Dreams," confirmed that the director's next project is The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, starring Heath Ledger, with Waits attached to play the role of Mr. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Terrence Vance Gilliam (born 22 November 1940) is an American -born British Writer, Filmmaker, Animator and member The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus is an upcoming fantasy - adventure Mystery film directed by Terry Gilliam and written by Gilliam Nick^[40] and an expected release in 2009. ^[41] Production began in December 2007 in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. ^[42] Heath Ledger's death in January 2008 cast doubt on the film's future, but the production has been salvaged with the addition of new actors. Heath Andrew Ledger (4 April 1979 – 22 January 2008 was an Australian television and film actor ^[43]

On May 7, Waits announced a concert tour starting in June 2008, touring cities in the southern United States and subsequently announced a series of dates in the UK and mainland Europe. Glitter and Doom was the name given to the tour Tom Waits undertook in the Summer of 2008. . ^[44]

Record companies

Waits has often switched to smaller independent record companies over the years; he signed to Asylum Records before they were bought out by Elektra Records and Warner Bros. During his time with Island Records, that label expanded from a small company to a music industry giant. Asylum Records is an American Record label, owned by Warner Music Group, founded by agent-managers David Geffen and Elliot Roberts in 1971 Elektra Records is a now-dormant American Record label owned by Warner Music Group (WMG and from 2004 on operating under WMG's Atlantic Records Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and Island Records is a Record label that was founded by British record producers in Jamaica. He then signed to Anti Records, a division of Epitaph Records. ANTI- is an American Record label founded in 1999 as a sister label of Epitaph Records. Epitaph Records is a Hollywood California based Record label owned by Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz.

Lawsuits

Waits has steadfastly refused to allow the use of his songs in commercials and has joked about other artists who do. ("If Michael Jackson wants to work for Pepsi, why doesn't he just get himself a suit and an office in their headquarters and be done with it?") He has filed several lawsuits against advertisers who used his material without permission. Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29 1958 is an American musician entertainer and businessman Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. He has been quoted as saying, "Apparently, the highest compliment our culture grants artists nowadays is to be in an ad—ideally, naked and purring on the hood of a new car," he said in a statement, referring to the Mercury Cougar. The Mercury Cougar was an Automobile sold under the Mercury brand of the Ford Motor Company 's Lincoln-Mercury Division "I have adamantly and repeatedly refused this dubious honor. "

Waits' first lawsuit was filed in 1988 against Frito Lay. For the chips synonymous with the company see Fritos and Lay's. The United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit affirmed an award of US$2. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 375-million in his favor (Waits v. Frito Lay, 978 F. 2d 1093 (9th Cir. 1992)). ^[45] Frito Lay had approached Waits to use one of his songs in an advertisement. Waits declined the offer, and Frito Lay hired a Waits soundalike to sing a jingle similar to Small Change's "Step Right Up," which is, ironically, a song Waits has called "an indictment of advertising. A jingle is a memorable Slogan, set to an engaging Melody, mainly broadcast on Radio and sometimes on Television commercials. Irony is a literary or Rhetorical device, in which there is an incongruity or Discordance between what one says or does and what one means or Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand " Waits won the lawsuit, becoming one of the first artists to successfully sue a company for using an impersonator without permission.

In 1993, Levi's used Screamin' Jay Hawkins' version of Waits' "Heartattack and Vine" in a commercial. Levi Strauss & Co (LS&CO is a privately held Clothing company known worldwide for its Levi's brand of Denim Jeans. Jalacy Hawkins, best known as Screamin' Jay Hawkins ( July 18, 1929 &ndash February 12, 2000) was an African-American singer Waits sued, and Levi's agreed to cease all use of the song and offered a full page apology in Billboard. See Billboard (Turkish magazine Billboard is a weekly American Magazine devoted to the Music industry ^[46] Waits found himself in a situation similar to his earlier one with Frito Lay in 2000 when Audi approached him, asking to use "Innocent When You Dream" (from Franks Wild Years) for a commercial broadcast in Spain. AUDI AG, ( Xetra: NSU commonly known as Audi (aˈʊdi is a German Automobile manufacturer which produces Audi branded cars with headquarters Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Waits declined, but the commercial ultimately featured music very similar to that song. Waits undertook legal action, and a Spanish court recognized that there had been a violation of Waits' moral rights in addition to the infringement of copyright. Moral rights are Rights of creators of Copyrighted works generally recognized in civil law jurisdictions and first recognized in France and Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for The production company, Tandem Campany Guasch, was ordered to pay compensation to Waits through his Spanish publisher. Waits was later quoted as jokingly saying the company got the name of the song wrong, thinking it was called "Innocent When You Scheme. "

In 2005, Waits sued Adam Opel AG, claiming that, after having failed to sign him to sing in their Scandinavian commercials, they had hired a soundalike singer. Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. In 2007, the suit was settled, and Waits gave the sum to charity. ^[47]

Waits has also filed a lawsuit unrelated to his music. He was arrested in 1977 outside Duke's Tropicana Coffee Shop in Los Angeles. Waits and a friend were trying to stop some men from bullying other patrons. The men were plainclothes police, and Waits and his friend were taken into custody and charged with disturbing the peace. The jury found Waits not guilty; he took the police department to court and was awarded $7,500 compensation. A jury a sworn body of persons convened to render a rational, impartial Verdict (a finding of fact on a question officially submitted to them In Criminal law, an acquittal is a verdict of not guilty, or some similar end of the proceeding that terminates it with prejudice without a verdict ^[48]

Discography and filmography

Further information: Tom Waits discography

Tours

• 1973: Closing Time touring
• 1974–1975: The Heart of Saturday Night touring
• 1975–1976: Small Change touring
• 1977: Foreign Affairs touring
• 1978–1979: Blue Valentine touring
• 1980–1982: Heartattack and Vine touring
• 1985: Rain Dogs touring
• 1987: Big Time touring
• 1999: Get Behind the Mule Tour
• 2004: Real Gone Tour
• 2006: The Orphans Tour
• 2008: Glitter and Doom Tour^[49]

Notes

References

• Humphries, Patrick (2007). The Many Lives of Tom Waits. Omnibus. ISBN 184449585X.  
• Jacobs, Jay S. (2006). Wild Years The Music and Myth of Tom Waits. ECW Press. ISBN 101550227165.  
• Montandon, Mac (ed. ) (2006). Innocent When You Dream: Tom Waits - the collected interviews. Orion. ISBN 0752873946.  

External links

• Official site
• Tom Waits Library (fan site)
• Tom Waits at the Internet Movie Database
• Offbeat Tom Waits Appreciation Site

Interviews

• Tom Waits Library interviews, all interviews with Tom Waits from the Tom Waits Library
• Interview with Terry Gross, Fresh Air, 28 September 1988
• Interview with Robert Siegel, All Things Considered, November 21, 2006
• Interview with Amanda Petrusich, Pitchfork Media, November 27, 2006
• Interview with Jon Stewart, The Daily Show, November 28, 2006
• Interview with Conan O'Brien on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, May 4, 2007

Fresh Air is a Radio talk show hosted by Terry Gross, broadcast on National Public Radio stations across the United States Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) All Things Considered (ATC is a news radio program in the United States broadcast on the National Public Radio network Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Pitchfork Media, usually known simply as Pitchfork, is a Chicago -based daily Internet publication devoted to music criticism and commentary Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Daily Show (known in its current incarnation as The Daily Show For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Late Night with Conan O'Brien is an Emmy Award -winning American late-night Talk show hosted by Conan O'Brien on NBC Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

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