| Tom Foley | |
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| In office June 6, 1989 – January 3, 1995 |
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| President | George H. W. Bush Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Jim Wright |
| Succeeded by | Newt Gingrich |
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| In office January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1995 |
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| Preceded by | Walt Horan |
| Succeeded by | George Nethercutt |
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| In office November 19, 1998 – April 1, 2001 |
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| President | Bill Clinton George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Walter Mondale |
| Succeeded by | Howard Baker |
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| Born | March 26, 1929 (age 79) Spokane, Washington |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Heather Strachan Foley |
| Alma mater | Gonzaga University University of Washington |
| Profession | Law |
Thomas Stephen Foley (born March 26, 1929 in Spokane, Washington) is an American politician of the Democratic Party, having served as the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and ambassador to Japan. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer&mdashor speaker &mdashof the United States House of Representatives. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States James Claude Wright Jr (born December 22, 1922) usually known as Jim Wright, is a former Democratic U Newton "Newt" Leroy Gingrich, (born Newton Leroy McPherson on June 17, 1943) is an American politician and author who served as the Speaker The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Fifth Congressional District of Washington encompasses the Eastern Washington counties of Okanogan, Ferry, Stevens, Pend Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Walt Horan (1898-1966 American politician was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for ten terms from January 3 1943 to George R Nethercutt Jr (born October 7, 1944) is an American politician and is the founder and chairman of The George Nethercutt Foundation The United States Ambassador to Japan is the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary from the United States to Japan. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party Howard Henry Baker Jr (born November 15, 1925) is a former Senate Majority Leader, Republican U Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Gonzaga University is a private Catholic Jesuit university located in Spokane, Washington. See Washington (disambiguation for other uses The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research University Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer&mdashor speaker &mdashof the United States House of Representatives. An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. He served in the United States Congress from 1965 to 1995. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 His thirty-year career in Congress was notable for its length and for his steady climb up the ranks of the Congressional and party leadership. However, his defeat in the 1994 Congressional elections made him the first sitting Speaker since 1860 not to win re-election to Congress.
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Early life and legal practice
In 1946, Foley graduated from the Jesuit-run Gonzaga Preparatory School in Spokane. Gonzaga Preparatory School is a Jesuit High school located in Spokane Washington. He is an Eagle Scout. Eagle Scout is the highest rank attainable in the Boy Scouting program of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA [1] He went on to attend the Gonzaga University in Spokane and the University of Washington in Seattle, the latter awarded him a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1951. Gonzaga University is a private Catholic Jesuit university located in Spokane, Washington. See Washington (disambiguation for other uses The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research University In 1957, he earned a law degree from the same university.
Following law school, Foley entered private practice. In 1958, he began working in the Spokane County prosecutor's office as a deputy prosecuting attorney. The prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the Common law Adversarial system, or the civil law Foley taught at Gonzaga University Law School (in Spokane, Washington) from 1958 to 1959. Gonzaga University is a private Catholic Jesuit university located in Spokane, Washington. In 1960, he joined the office of the State of Washington Attorney General. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition
In 1961, Foley moved to Washington, D.C., and joined the staff of the United States Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs as assistant chief clerk and special counsel, in which capacity he served until 1963. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources has jurisdiction over matters related to energy and nuclear waste policy territorial policy native Hawaiian
Congressional service
In 1964, Foley won the Democratic nomination for Washington's 5th congressional district, which was based in Spokane. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The Fifth Congressional District of Washington encompasses the Eastern Washington counties of Okanogan, Ferry, Stevens, Pend He faced 11-term Republican incumbent Walt Horan and won by seven points, one of several Democrats elected in the gigantic Democratic landslide of that year. He was re-elected without much trouble until 1978, when he barely defeated conservative activist Rick James. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) In 1980, physician John Sonneland nearly defeated Foley, only losing by 4 points. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Foley didn't face serious opposition again until 1994, even as his district became more conservative.
In 1981, Foley was chosen majority whip by the House Democratic caucus and served in that capacity until 1986, when he moved up to the position of majority leader. A whip in the United States House of Representatives is a member of the party leadership who comes second in line after the party's Floor leader, which Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door (private Caucus. In 1989, Jim Wright of Texas stepped down as Speaker of the House amid an ethics scandal, and Foley was elected to succeed him. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) James Claude Wright Jr (born December 22, 1922) usually known as Jim Wright, is a former Democratic U Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. He became the first Speaker from a state west of the Rocky Mountains. Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America.
Term limits
During his time in the House, Foley repeatedly opposed efforts to impose term limits on Washington state's elected officials, winning the support of the state's voters to reject term limits in a 1991 referendum. See also Rotation in office A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. However, in 1992, a term limit ballot initiative was approved by the state's voters. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)
Foley brought suit, challenging the constitutionality of a state law setting eligibility requirements on federal offices. Foley won his suit, with federal courts declaring that states did not have the authority under the U. S. Constitution to limit the terms of federal officeholders.
However, in Foley's bid for a 16th term in the House, his Republican opponent, George Nethercutt, used the issue against him, repeatedly citing the caption of the federal case brought by Foley, "Foley against the People of the State of Washington. George R Nethercutt Jr (born October 7, 1944) is an American politician and is the founder and chairman of The George Nethercutt Foundation " Nethercutt vowed that if elected, he would not serve more than three terms in the House (but ultimately served for five terms). Foley lost in a narrow race that coincided with the Republican electoral triumph of 1994. Foley became the first sitting Speaker of the House to lose his bid for re-election since William Pennington (R-New Jersey) in 1860 to Nehemiah Perry. William Pennington ( May 4, 1796 February 16, 1862) was an American Whig Party and early Democratic-Republican New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. This article is about the US Representative from New Jersey For the Jamaican cricketer see Nehemiah Perry. He is now commonly viewed as a political casualty of the term limits controversy of the early 1990s. See also Rotation in office A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office
Electoral history
Here is a chart of the vote in his elections. There are subtotals for the city of Spokane, rural Spokane County, and a Spokane total, as this is the main part of the 5th Congressional District.
| Year | Candidate | Party | Spokane | outside | county | district |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | Tom Foley | D | 39331 | 35323 | 74654 | 106074 |
| George Nethercutt* | R | 30265 | 41065 | 71330 | 110057 | |
| 1992 | Tom Foley* | D | 49675 | 45919 | 95594 | 135965 |
| John Sonneland | R | 32508 | 40108 | 72616 | 110443 | |
| 1990 | Tom Foley* | D | 38553 | 37121 | 75674 | 110234 |
| Marlyn Derby | R | 15082 | 18363 | 33445 | 49965 | |
| 1988 | Tom Foley* | D | 56249 | 53791 | 110040 | 160654 |
| Marlyn Derby | R | 14438 | 17772 | 32210 | 49657 | |
| 1986 | Tom Foley* | D | 43011 | 37939 | 80950 | 121732 |
| Floyd Wakefield | R | 12510 | 14281 | 26791 | 41179 | |
| 1984 | Tom Foley* | D | 56820 | 49360 | 106180 | 154988 |
| John Sonneland | R | 20517 | 23729 | 44246 | 67438 | |
| 1982 | Tom Foley* | D | 39810 | 32362 | 72172 | 109549 |
| John Sonneland | R | 18482 | 20420 | 38902 | 60816 | |
| 1980 | Tom Foley* | D | 41256 | 31604 | 72860 | 120530 |
| John Sonneland | R | 32857 | 33662 | 66519 | 111705 | |
| 1978 | Tom Foley* | D | 28346 | 18858 | 47204 | 77201 |
| Duane Alton | R | 20923 | 18942 | 39865 | 68761 | |
| Mel Tonasket | I | 5574 | 4580 | 10154 | 14887 | |
| 1976 | Tom Foley* | D | 41720 | 27905 | 69625 | 120415 |
| Duane Alton | R | 30318 | 25519 | 55837 | 84262 | |
| Bear Sandahl | L | 834 | 407 | 1241 | 1959 | |
| Ira Liebowitz | USL | 403 | 181 | 584 | 935 | |
| 1974 | Tom Foley* | D | 30717 | 18726 | 49443 | 87959 |
| Gary Gage | R | 16925 | 12020 | 28945 | 48739 | |
| 1972 | Thomas S Foley* | D | 58282 | 35060 | 93342 | 150580 |
| Clarice Privette | R | 12468 | 8637 | 21105 | 34742 | |
| 1970 | Tom Foley* | D | 40791 | 20532 | 61323 | 88189 |
| George Gamble | R | 19926 | 11928 | 31854 | 43376 | |
| 1968 | Thomas Foley* | D | 41203 | 19227 | 60430 | 88446 |
| Richard Bond | R | 29659 | 16988 | 46647 | 67304 | |
| 1966 | Thomas Foley* | D | 35533 | 15334 | 50867 | 74571 |
| Dorothy Powers | R | 25357 | 13232 | 38589 | 57310 | |
| 1964 | Thomas S Foley* | D | 41377 | 17587 | 58964 | 84830 |
| Walt Horan (Inc) | R | 32262 | 16757 | 49019 | 73884 |
Later career
In 1997, Foley was appointed as the 25th U. S. Ambassador to Japan by President Bill Clinton, in which capacity he served until 2001. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States Foley was awarded an honorary Companion of Honour by the government of the UK. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Foley was a Washington delegate to the 2000 Democratic National Convention. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The 2000 National Convention of the US Democratic Party nominated Vice President Al Gore for President and Connecticut
On July 9, 2003, Washington Governor Gary Locke awarded the Medal of Merit, the state's highest honor, to Foley. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Gary Faye Locke (born January 21, 1950) was elected governor of Washington (1997-2005
He is currently the North American Chairman of the Trilateral Commission. The Trilateral Commission is a private organization established to foster closer cooperation between America Europe and Japan
References
- ^ Fact Sheet Eagle Scouts. Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved on 03 March 2008.
External links
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by William R. Poage |
Chairman of the House Agriculture Committee 1975–1981 |
Succeeded by Kika de la Garza |
| Preceded by John Brademas |
House Majority Whip House Democratic Whip 1981–1986 |
Succeeded by Tony Coelho |
| Preceded by Jim Wright |
House Majority Leader House Democratic Leader 1986–1989 |
Succeeded by Dick Gephardt |
| Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives June 6, 1989 – January 3, 1993 January 5, 1993 – January 3, 1995 |
Succeeded by Newt Gingrich |
|
| United States House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by Walt Horan |
Member from Washington's 5th congressional district 1965–1995 |
Succeeded by George Nethercutt |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by Walter Mondale |
U.S. Ambassador to Japan 1998–2001 |
Succeeded by Howard H. Baker, Jr. |
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