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Tokyopop
Type Private
Genre manga, japanese light novels, graphic novels, Original English-language manga
Founded Los Angeles, California
Founder Stuart J. Levy
Headquarters Los Angeles, California, U.S.
No. The term privately held company refers to ownership of a business company in two different ways first referring to ownership by non-governmental organizations and second A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set ˈmɑŋgə is the Japanese word for Comics (sometimes called komikku コミック and print Cartoons In their modern form manga date from shortly A is a Novel with Anime - or Manga -style Illustrations primarily targeting teens and young adults A Original English-language manga or OEL manga is the term commonly used to describe Comic books or Graphic novels in the "international manga" genre Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Stuart J "Stu" Levy (born August 24 1967 in Northridge California, is the founder CEO and Chief Creative Officer of the Manga Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The United States of America —commonly referred to as the  of locations 4
Area served North America, Japan
Key people Stuart J. Levy, Founder, CEO & CCO
John Parker, President & COO
Victor Chin, Vice President of Inventory Control
Bill Josey, General Counsel & Vice President, Business Affairs
Mike Kiley, Publisher[1]
Industry publication
Revenue $35 million (2003)[2]
Parent Mixx Entertainment
Website http://www.tokyopop.com
For the music movie, see Tokyo Pop. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Stuart J "Stu" Levy (born August 24 1967 in Northridge California, is the founder CEO and Chief Creative Officer of the Manga An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator John Parker may refer to John Parker (captain (1729&ndash1775 captain of the Lexington militia at the Battle of Lexington John Parker 1st For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" To publish is to make content Publicly known. The term is most frequently applied to the distribution of text or images on paper or to the placing of content In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services A holding company is a company that owns part all or a majority of other companies' outstanding Stock. For the music movie see Tokyo Pop. Tokyopop, stylized TOKYOPOP, and formerly known as Mixx, is a distributor licensor A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages is a music-centric movie from 1988 that tells the story of a girl from the USA a boy from Japan and a briefly successful pop band

Tokyopop, formerly known as Mixx, is a distributor, licensor, and publisher of anime, manga, and Original English-language manga in English, German, and Japanese. (anime in Japanese, ˈmɑŋgə is the Japanese word for Comics (sometimes called komikku コミック and print Cartoons In their modern form manga date from shortly Original English-language manga or OEL manga is the term commonly used to describe Comic books or Graphic novels in the "international manga" genre English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Tokyopop is incorporated in Tokyo, Japan, with headquarters in Los Angeles, California and branches in the UK and Germany. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Tokypop products are available internationally.

Contents

History

Tokyopop was originally founded in 1997 by Stuart J. Levy[2]. Stuart J "Stu" Levy (born August 24 1967 in Northridge California, is the founder CEO and Chief Creative Officer of the Manga

When they were known as Mixx, they sold MixxZine, a manga magazine. Mixx also sold the shōjo manga anthology Smile. is a Japanese word originally derived from a Chinese expression written with the same characters SMILE is an international magazine of multiple origins Since 1984 an estimated 100 different issues of SMILE have been published by different people in different countries Mixxzine later became Tokyopop before it was discontinued. Tokyopop magazine, originally named MixxZine, was a Manga anthology published in North America by Tokyopop (originally In 2005 Tokyopop began a new, free publication, called Manga (originally Takuhai), to feature their latest releases. Manga magazine formerly known as Takuhai, is a free quarterly magazine published by TOKYOPOP, which gives preview chapters of a selection of the company's new

In March 2006, Tokyopop and HarperCollins Publishers announced a co-publishing agreement in which the sale and distribution rights of some Tokyopop manga and books, under this co-publishing license, are transferred to HarperCollins in mid-June 2006. HarperCollins is a Publishing company owned by News Corporation. The agreement also enables Tokyopop to produce Original English-language manga (OEL) adaptations of HarperCollins' books. Meg Cabot's books will be the first to be adapted into the manga format, while another popular series will be the Warriors series by Erin Hunter. Meg Cabot (born Meggin Patricia Cabot on February 1, 1967 in Bloomington Indiana, United States) is a American chick-lit [3] The first line of Tokyopop-HarperCollins OEL manga will be released in 2007 with the goal to publish up to 24 titles each year. [4]

2008 restructuring

In June 2008, the company announced that the company was being restructured, with its name being changed to Tokypop Group, a holding group for several new subsidiaries. The existing Tokyopop operations in the United States will be split into two subsidiaries: Tokyopop, Inc. and Tokyopop Media. Tokyopop, Inc. consists of the company's existing publications business, while Tokyopop Media focuses on the company's digital and comics-to-film works. [5] Tokyopop Media will also manage the Tokypop website, which will continue to promote its publications. [6] According to Tokyopop representative Mike Kiley, the division into two companies will allow the company to "set things up in ways that would very clearly and definitively allow those businesses to focus on what they need to do to succeed. The goals in each company are different and the achievement of those goals is more realistic, more possible if everyone working in each of those companies is very clearly focused. "[6]

During the restructure, Tokyopop laid off 39 positions, equating to 35-40% of its total American workforce. Most of the positions cut were those involved in the direct publication of its books. [5][6] The publication output from Tokyopop, Inc will be scaled back. Tokyopop reported that it would be cutting the volumes released per year by approximately 50%, to an average of 20-22 volumes per month. [7][8][6]

Tokyopop's Japan division will also be split, with one unit operating under Tokyopop Media and the other becoming a subsidiary under the overall Tokyopop Group. Tokyopop's newer European division will not be affected by these changes. [8]

Criticism

Americanization

Fans critical of possible mishandling of the Initial D property, voiced concerns regarding "editorial changes" in the localization of the manga and anime. is a Manga by Shuichi Shigeno which has been serialized in Kodansha 's Young Magazine since 1995 [9] The changes included renaming of several characters and the removal of one character's involvement in Enjo kōsai, a practice in Japan where younger women are paid to provide older men with companionship. (shortened form) means "compensated Dating " and is a practice which originated in Japan where older men give money and/or luxury gifts to attractive women for their [9][10] In a letter sent to Anime News Network, Tokyopop responded to the criticms, noting that they felt the edits were necessary because they were marketing the series to a younger target audience than it was originally designed for in Japan. Anime News Network (ANN is an Anime industry News Website that reports on the status of Anime, Manga, Japanese popular They also felt that the series would reach a larger audience if it had a broader American appeal. [9]

We also know that we have a responsibility to be true to the spirit of the original Japanese version of Initial D. So, we start having lots of late night sessions about how to present Initial D to the widest possible audience and yet still retain its core essence. . . We are passionate about anime and manga, and we believe in helping spread the word to as many people as we can.

—Tokyopop Staff, Anime News Network[9]

The company alleviated some of the concerns by noting that the anime series would receive an "unedited, subtitled, Japanese language" DVD release. Anime News Network (ANN is an Anime industry News Website that reports on the status of Anime, Manga, Japanese popular The manga series remained edited except for the first volume, which was accidentally printed before the editing decisions were made. [9]

There are other criticisms of Tokyopop manga; the sound effects are often left untranslated, and honorifics are removed[11]. Translations of light novels have been criticized as being "stilted and unnatural to the point of being distracting" [12] and "numerous misplaced and dangling modifiers, a couple of verb tense and punctuation errors, and a number of misused words that were probably typos that passed the spellcheck test. A is a Novel with Anime - or Manga -style Illustrations primarily targeting teens and young adults "[13]

Original English language manga

Tokyopop is one of the biggest manga publishers outside of Japan and as such has been attributed with popularizing Manhwa in the United States. Manhwa (manɦʷa is the general Korean term for Comics and print Cartoons (common usage also includes animated cartoons Tokyopop "published many Korean artists' work, possibly without Western fans even realizing the strips don't come from Japan. Series like King of Hell by Kim Jae-Hwan and Ra In-Soo, and the Gothic vampire tale Model by Lee So-Young are both Korean, but could easily be mistaken for manga. King of Hell (마제 Majeh) is a Korean Manhwa written by Ra In-soo and illustrated by Kim Jae-hwan. "[14]

Tokyopop has released several series based on American games, films, and characters, such as Warcraft[15][16] and Jim Henson films. The Warcraft universe is a Fictional universe in which a series of games and books published by Blizzard Entertainment are set For other uses of "Henson" see Henson. James Maury "Jim" Henson (September 24 1936 &ndash May 16 1990 was one of [17] They recently released the first volume of a series based on the Hellgate: London video game in April 2008. [18]

Foreign markets

In summer 2004, Tokyopop founded its first foreign branch in Germany, headquartered in Hamburg. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany The first manga and manhwa by Tokyopop Germany were published in November 2004, and the first anime in fall 2005.

Also in 2004, Tokyopop set up a London, UK office that mainly imports books from the U.S. and distributes them into bookstores in the United Kingdom. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Tokyopop released an anime collection in the United Kingdom market in late 2006, including titles such as Initial D and Great Teacher Onizuka. (anime in Japanese, is a Manga by Shuichi Shigeno which has been serialized in Kodansha 's Young Magazine since 1995 officially abbreviated to GTO, is a Shōnen Manga, Anime, and live-action series created by Tohru Fujisawa. Vampire Princess Miyu was released on DVD by MVM Entertainment, and Kids TV channel Toonami aired the first half of Rave Master in early 2005. is a Japanese horror Manga series by Narumi Kakinouchi and Toshiki Hirano, as well as an Anime adaptation by the same creators DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is MVM Films is a British distributor of Japanese animation. The company sublicenses anime titles from US Anime companies such as Geneon and US Manga Corps Toonami (a Portmanteau of the words Cartoon and Tsunami suggesting a "tidal wave" of Animated cartoons is a registered Rave Master, released in Japan as Rave and also known as The Groove Adventure Rave, is a Manga series written by

Tokyopop also distributes some of their titles to Australia and New Zealand through Funtastic who recently acquired Madman Entertainment. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Madman Entertainment is an Australian company that specialises in the distribution of Japanese Anime and Manga in Australia and New In Greece, Tokyopop-owned properties are licensed by AnubisComics. Compupress is a Greek publishing company formed in 1982 Originally the company was formed in order to publish computer magazines and books through the years though it developed into an

See also

References

  1. ^ Exec. Team : Introduction. Books published in English by Tokyopop Manga Besides the abbreviated list below many titles may be found within:CategoryTokyopop titles. Tokyopop. Retrieved on 2007-12-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian
  2. ^ a b Jarvis, Michael (October 26, 2003), “The Godzilla-Sized Appeal of Japan's Pop Culture”, Los Angeles Times Magazine: 9, <http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/430966331.html?dids=430966331:430966331&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+26%2C+2003&author=MICHAEL+T.+JARVIS&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=I.9&desc=Metropolis+%2F+Chat+Room%3B+The+Godzilla-Sized+Appeal+of+Japan%27s+Pop+Culture> 
  3. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/28/business/media/28comics.html?scp=3&sq=meg+cabot&st=nyt
  4. ^ Crum, Erin (2006). Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. HarperCollins Publishers and Tokyopop Announce Innovative Co-Publishing, Sales, and Distribution Agreement. HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved on 2006-04-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama
  5. ^ a b Tokyopop to Restructure Update. Anime News Network (2008-06-04). Anime News Network (ANN is an Anime industry News Website that reports on the status of Anime, Manga, Japanese popular 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
  6. ^ a b c d Inside the Tokyopop Restructuring. ICv2 (208-06-08). Retrieved on 2008-06-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits
  7. ^ Tokyopop to Restructure. Anime News Network (2008-06-03). Anime News Network (ANN is an Anime industry News Website that reports on the status of Anime, Manga, Japanese popular 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Retrieved on 2008-06-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
  8. ^ a b Tokyopop Splits into Two Companies. ICv2 (2008-06-03). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Retrieved on 2008-06-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
  9. ^ a b c d e Tokyopop Open Letter Regarding Initial D. Anime News Network (2002-07-13). Anime News Network (ANN is an Anime industry News Website that reports on the status of Anime, Manga, Japanese popular See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Retrieved on 2008-04-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in
  10. ^ Ask John: Is Edited Anime on American TV a Good Thing?. AnimeNation Blog. AnimeNation (2003-08-29). AnimeNation is a well-known Retailer of Anime, Manga, and other products of Japanese culture founded in 1995 and located in Tampa Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Retrieved on 2008-04-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in
  11. ^ http://www.animeondvd.com/reviews2/manga/manga.php?manga_view=4279
  12. ^ http://www.animeondvd.com/reviews2/manga/manga.php?manga_view=4315
  13. ^ http://www.animeondvd.com/reviews2/manga/manga.php?manga_view=4314
  14. ^ Brooks, Brad; Pilcher, Tim (2005). The Essential Guide to World Comics. London: Collins & Brown. ISBN 1-84340-300-5.  
  15. ^ http://kotaku.com/380931/tokyopop-publishing-more-warcraft-starcraft-manga
  16. ^ http://www.comicsbulletin.com/news/109173264226099.htm
  17. ^ http://www.tokyopop.com/product/1712
  18. ^ http://www.tokyopop.com/shop/2244

External links

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