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Emblem (mon) of the Tokugawa family
Emblem (mon) of the Tokugawa family

The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府?), and the Edo bakufu (江戸幕府?), was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. ( plural mon) also,, and, are Japanese heraldic symbols Mon may refer to any symbol while Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander" This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city of Edo, now Tokyo. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle from 1603 until 1868, when it was abolished during the Meiji Restoration. also known as, is a flatland castle that was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan. The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure

Following the Sengoku Period of "warring states", central government had been largely re-established by Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the Azuchi-Momoyama period. ( June 23, 1534 &ndash June 21, 1582) was a major Daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history The came at the end of the Warring States Period in Japan, when the political unification that preceded the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate took place After the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, central authority fell to Tokugawa Ieyasu who completed this process and received the title of shogun in 1603. Background and pretext Even though Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan and consolidated his power following the Siege of Odawara in 1590 his ill-fated  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander" In order to become shogun, one traditionally was a descendant of the ancient Minamoto clan. was one of the honorary surnames bestowed by the Emperors of Japan of the Heian Period ( 794 – 1185 AD on those of their sons and grandsons who were not

The Tokugawa period, unlike the shogunates before it, was supposedly based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The warrior-caste of samurai were at the top, followed by farmers, artisans, and traders. is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. The inflexible nature of the caste system unleashed disruptive forces over time. Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts which did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time As a result, the tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time. This often led to numerous confrontations between noble but impoverished samurai and well-to-do peasants, ranging from simple local disturbances to much bigger rebellions. None, however, proved compelling enough to seriously challenge the established order until the arrival of foreign powers.

Toward the end of the 19th century, an alliance of several of the more powerful daimyo with the titular Emperor finally succeeded in the overthrow of the shogunate after the Boshin War, culminating in the Meiji Restoration. The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings The was a Civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure The Tokugawa Shogunate came to an official end in 1868, with the resignation of the 15th Tokugawa Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu and the "restoration" (Ōsei fukko) of imperial rule. Tokugawa Yoshinobu 1st Prince of the Yoshinobu-ke (徳川 慶喜 Tokugawa Yoshinobu (also known as Keiki) October 28, 1837 &ndash

See Late Tokugawa shogunate for details. are the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate came to an end

Contents

Government

Shogunate and Han

Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu
Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu

The bakuhan taisei (幕藩体制) was the feudal political system in the Edo period of Japan. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Baku, or "tent," is an abbreviation of bakufu, meaning "military government" — that is, the shogunate. The han were the domains headed by daimyo. The, or domains, were the Fiefs of Feudal Lords of Japan that were created by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and existed until their

Vassals held inherited lands and provided military service and homage to their lords. The Bakuhan Taisei split feudal power between the shogunate in Edo and provincial domains throughout Japan. Provinces had a degree of sovereignty and were allowed an independent administration of the Han in exchange for loyalty to the Shogun, who was responsible for foreign relations and national security. The shogun and lords were both daimyo: feudal lords with their own bureaucracies, policies, and territories. The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings The Shogun also administered the most powerful daimyo, the hereditary fief of the House of Tokugawa. Each level of government administered its own system of taxation.

The shogunate had the power to discard, annex and transform domains. The sankin-kotai system of alternative residence required each daimyo would reside in alternate years between the han and attendance in Edo. Sankin kōtai (参勤交代 ("alternate attendance" was a policy of the Shogunate during most of the Edo period of Japanese history. In their absence from Edo it was also required that they leave family as hostages until their return. The huge expenditure sankin-kotai imposed on each han helped centralize aristocratic alliances and ensured loyalty to the Shogun as each representative doubled as a potential hostage.

Tokugawa's descendants further ensured loyalty by maintaining a dogmatic insistence on loyalty to the Shogun. Fudai daimyo were hereditary vassals of Ieyasu, as well as of his descendants. Tozama, or "outsiders", became vassals of Ieyasu after the battle of Sekigahara. A was a Daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan. Shimpan, or "relatives", were collaterals of Tokugawa Hidetada. This article about a judge in sumo For a kind of a feudal domain in the Edo period see Shinpan (daimyo. Early in the Edo period, the shogunate viewed the tozama as the least likely to be loyal; over time, strategic marriages and the entrenchment of the system made the tozama less likely to rebel. In the end, it was the great tozama of Satsuma, Chōshū and Tosa and to a lesser extent Hizen that brought down the shogunate. These four states are called the Four Western Clans or Satchotohi for short.

The number of han (roughly 250) fluctuated throughout the Edo period. They were ranked by size, which was measured as the number of koku that the domain produced each year. KOKU (1003 FM, "Hit Radio 100" is a Radio station in the United States territory of Guam. One koku was the amount of rice necessary to feed one adult male for one year. The minimum number for a daimyo was ten thousand koku; the largest, apart from the shogun, was a million.

Shogun and emperor

Despite the establishment of the shogunate, the emperor in Kyoto was still the legitimate ruler of Japan. The of Japan is the country's Monarch. He is the head of the Japanese Imperial Family. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. The administration (体制 taisei?) of Japan was a task given by the Imperial Court in Kyoto to the Tokugawa family, which they returned to the court in the Meiji Restoration. Imperial Court in Kyoto was the nominal ruling government of Japan from 794 AD until the Meiji Era, in which the court was moved to Tokyo The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure

The shogunate appointed a liaison, the Kyoto Shoshidai (Shogun's Representative in Kyoto), to deal with the emperor, court and nobility. The was an important administrative and political office in the early modern government of Japan

Shogun and foreign trade

A 1634 Japanese Red seal ship
A 1634 Japanese Red seal ship
Sakurada Gate at Edo Castle, the center of Tokugawa rule
Sakurada Gate at Edo Castle, the center of Tokugawa rule

Foreign affairs and trade were monopolized by the shogunate, yielding a huge profit. For the RCA or RCA Victor record series see RCA Red Seal Records Red seal ships (朱印船 Shuinsen) were Japanese Foreign trade was also permitted to the Satsuma and the Tsushima domains. The Satsuma domain ( 薩摩藩 Satsuma Han) was one of the most powerful feudal domains in Tokugawa Japan, and played a major role in the The Tsushima Fuchū domain (対馬府中藩 Tsushima Fuchū han) also called the Tsushima domain, was a domain of Japan during the Edo

The visits of the Nanban ships from Portugal were at first the main vector of trade exchanges, followed by the addition of Dutch, English and sometimes Spanish ships. The Nanban trade ( Japanese: 南蛮貿易 nanban-bōeki, "Southern barbarian trade" or the Nanban trade period ( Japanese: 南蛮貿易時代 Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula.

From 1600 onward, Japan started to participate actively in foreign trade. In 1615, an embassy and trade mission under Hasekura Tsunenaga was sent across the Pacific to Nueva Espana (New Spain) on the Japanese-built galleon San Juan Bautista. Early life Little is known of the early life of Hasekura Tsunenaga The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, Construction San Juan Bautista was built in 1613 by Date Masamune, the Daimyo of Sendai in northern Japan, in Tsuki-No-Ura harbour Until 1635, the Shogun issued numerous permits for the so-called "red seal ships" destined for the Asian trade. For the RCA or RCA Victor record series see RCA Red Seal Records Red seal ships (朱印船 Shuinsen) were Japanese

After 1635 and the introduction of Seclusion laws, only inbound ships were allowed, from China, Korea, and the Netherlands. Sakoku ( Japanese: 鎖国 literally "country in chains" or "lock up of country" was the Foreign relations policy of Japan under which China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands

Institutions of the shogunate

Rōjū and wakadoshiyori

The rōjū (老中) were the senior members of the shogunate. The, usually translated as Elder, was one of the highest-ranking government posts in Tokugawa Japan. They supervised the ōmetsuke, machibugyō, ongokubugyō and other officials, oversaw relations with the Imperial Court in Kyoto, kuge (members of the nobility), daimyo, Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, and attended to matters like divisions of fiefs. Imperial Court in Kyoto was the nominal ruling government of Japan from 794 AD until the Meiji Era, in which the court was moved to Tokyo The kuge (公家 was a Japanese Aristocratic class that dominated the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto until the rise of the A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites A Shinto shrine is a structure whose main purpose is to house ("enshrine" a Shinto Kami, and is usually characterized by the presence of a (also called Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing Normally, four or five men held the office, and one was on duty for a month at a time on a rotating basis. They conferred on especially important matters. In the administrative reforms of 1867, the office was eliminated in favor of a bureaucratic system with ministers for the interior, finance, foreign relations, army, and navy.

In principle, the requirements for appointment to the office of rōjū were to be a fudai (hereditary) daimyo and to have a fief assessed at 50 000 koku or more. However, there were exceptions to both criteria. Many appointees came from the offices close to the shogun, such as soba yōnin, Kyoto shoshidai, and Osaka jōdai.

Irregularly, the shoguns appointed a rōjū to the position of tairō (great elder). Tairō (大老 lit "great elder" was a high-ranking official position in the Bakuhan taisei government of Japan. The office was limited to members of the Ii, Sakai, Doi, and Hotta clans, but Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu was given the status of tairō as well. (1658 &ndash 1714 was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period, who served as an official in the Tokugawa shogunate. Among the most famous was Ii Naosuke, who was assassinated in 1860 outside the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle. was daimyo of Hikone (1850 – 1860 and also Tairō of Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan, a position he held from April 23 1858 until his death on also known as, is a flatland castle that was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan.

The wakadoshiyori were next in status below the rōjū. An outgrowth of the early six-man rokuninshū (1633–1649), the office took its name and final form in 1662, but with four members. Their primary responsibility was management of the affairs of the hatamoto and gokenin, the direct vassals of the shogun. A was a Samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. appeared as direct vassals ( kenin) of the Shogun (or Regent Shikken) in Japan during the Kamakura Shogunate.

Some shoguns appointed a soba yōnin. This person acted as a liaison between the shogun and the rōjū. The soba yōnin increased in importance during the time of the fifth shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, when a wakadoshiyori, Inaba Masayasu, assassinated Hotta Masatoshi, the tairō. Inaba Masayasu (稲葉正休 (1640-1684 was a Japanese Hatamoto and Daimyō (feudal lord of Aono han in Mino Province Hotta Masatoshi (堀田正俊 ( 1634 - 7 October 1684) was a Daimyō (feudal lord in Shimousa Province, and top government Fearing for his personal safety, Tsunayoshi moved the rōjū to a more distant part of the castle. Some of the most famous soba yōnin were Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu and Tanuma Okitsugu. ( September 11, 1719, Edo, Japan - August 25, 1788, Edo was a Rōjū (government official

Ōmetsuke and metsuke

The ōmetsuke and metsuke were officials who reported to the rōjū and wakadoshiyori. The five ōmetsuke were in charge of monitoring the affairs of the daimyo, kuge and imperial court. They were in charge of discovering any threat of rebellion.

Early in the Edo period, daimyo such as Yagyū Munefuyu held the office. Soon, however, it fell to hatamoto with rankings of 5000 koku or more. A was a Samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. To give them authority in their dealings with daimyo, they were often ranked at 10 000 koku and given the title of kami (an ancient title, typically signifying the governor of a province) such as Bizen-no-kami. Before the modern prefecture system was established the land of Japan was divided into tens of kuni (国 countries) usually known in

As time progressed, the function of the ōmetsuke evolved into one of passing orders from the shogunate to the daimyo, and of administering to ceremonies within Edo Castle. They also took on additional responsibilities such as supervising religious affairs and controlling firearms.

The metsuke, reporting to the wakadoshiyori, oversaw the affairs of the vassals of the shogun. They were the police force for the thousands of hatamoto and gokenin who were concentrated in Edo. appeared as direct vassals ( kenin) of the Shogun (or Regent Shikken) in Japan during the Kamakura Shogunate. Individual han had their own metsuke who similarly policed their samurai.

San-bugyō

The san-bugyō ("three administrators") were the jisha, kanjō, and machi-bugyō, which oversaw temples and shrines, accounting, and the cities, respectively. often translated as "commissioner" or "magistrate" or "governor" was a title assigned to government officers in pre-modern Japan other terms would be added were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan Appointments to this prominent office were usually Fudai Daimyō, but this was Buddhist temples in Japan are varied yet there are certain generalizations that can be made and general rules or guidelines that are followed A Shinto shrine is a structure whose main purpose is to house ("enshrine" a Shinto Kami, and is usually characterized by the presence of a (also called The jisha bugyō had the highest status of the three. They oversaw the administration of Buddhist temples (ji) and Shinto shrines (sha), many of which held fiefs. Also, they heard lawsuits from several land holdings outside the eight Kantō provinces. The is a Geographical area of Honshū, the largest Island of Japan. The appointments normally went to daimyo; Ōoka Tadasuke was an exception, though he later became a daimyo. (1677 - 1752 was a Japanese Samurai in the service of the Tokugawa shogunate.

The kanjō bugyō were next in status. The four holders of this office reported to the rōjū. They were responsible for the finances of the shogunate.

The machi bugyō were the chief city administrators of Edo and other cities. Their roles included mayor, chief of the police (and, later, also of the fire department), and judge in criminal and civil matters not involving samurai. Two (briefly, three) men, normally hatamoto, held the office, and alternated by month.

Three Edo machi bugyō have become famous through jidaigeki (period films): Ōoka Tadasuke and Tōyama Kinshirō as heroes, and Torii Yōzō as a villain. is a Genre of Film, Television, and Theatre in Japan. The name means "period drama" and the period is usually the Edo period

The san-bugyō together sat on a council called the hyōjōsho. The, established in 1634, was the judicial council in Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate. In this capacity, they were responsible for administering the tenryō, supervising the gundai, the daikan and the kura bugyō, as well as hearing cases involving samurai.

Tenryō, gundai and daikan

The shogun directly held lands in various parts of Japan. These were known as bakufu chokkatsuchi; since the Meiji period, the term tenryō has become synonymous. In addition to the territory that Ieyasu held prior to the Battle of Sekigahara, this included lands he gained in that battle and lands gained as a result of the Summer and Winter Sieges of Osaka. By the end of the seventeenth century, the shogun's landholdings had reached four million koku. Such major cities as Nagasaki and Osaka, and mines, including the Sado gold mine, also fell into this category. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body was a province of Japan until the late 19th century since then it has been a part of Niigata Prefecture "Gold mine" redirects here See Goldmine for other uses of the term

Rather than appointing a daimyo to head the holdings, the shogunate placed administrators in charge. The titles of these administrators included gundai, daikan, and ongoku bugyō. This last category included the Osaka, Kyoto and Sumpu machibugyō, and the Nagasaki bugyō. is the capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is a City designated by government ordinance (a "designated city" The appointees were hatamoto. A was a Samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan.

Gaikoku bugyō

The gaikoku bugyō were administrators appointed between 1858 and 1868. They were charged with overseeing trade and diplomatic relations with foreign countries, and were based in the treaty ports of Nagasaki and Kanagawa (Yokohama).

Late Tokugawa Shogunate (1853-1867)

Main article: Late Tokugawa shogunate
Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the last Shogun, in French military uniform, c.1867
Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the last Shogun, in French military uniform, c. are the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate came to an end Tokugawa Yoshinobu 1st Prince of the Yoshinobu-ke (徳川 慶喜 Tokugawa Yoshinobu (also known as Keiki) October 28, 1837 &ndash 1867

The Late Tokugawa Shogunate (Japanese: 幕末 Bakumatsu) is the period between 1853 and 1867 during which Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy called sakoku and modernized from a feudal shogunate to the Meiji government. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Isolationism is a Foreign policy which combines a non-interventionist military policy and a political policy of Economic nationalism ( Protectionism Sakoku ( Japanese: 鎖国 literally "country in chains" or "lock up of country" was the Foreign relations policy of Japan under which Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July It is at the end of the Edo period and preceded the Meiji era. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 The major ideological/political factions during this period were divided into the pro-imperialist Ishin Shishi (nationalist patriots) and the shogunate forces, including the elite shinsengumi (newly selected corps) swordsmen. Shishi (志士 sometimes known as 維新志士 Ishin-shishi) was a term used to describe Japanese political activists of the late Edo period The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Patriotism is commonly defined as love of and/or devotion to one's country is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander" For the NHK television series see Shinsengumi!. The were a Special police force of the Late shogunate period. Although these two groups were the most visible powers, many other factions attempted to use the chaos of Bakumatsu to seize personal power. [1] Furthermore there were two other main driving forces for dissent; first, growing resentment of tozama daimyo (or outside lords), and second, growing anti-western sentiment following the arrival of Perry. A was a Daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan. The first related to those lords who had fought against Tokugawa forces at Sekigahara (in 1600 AD) and had from that point on been exiled permanently from all powerful positions within the shogunate. Background and pretext Even though Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan and consolidated his power following the Siege of Odawara in 1590 his ill-fated The second was to be expressed in the phrase sonnō jōi, or "revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians". is a Japanese Political philosophy and a Social movement derived from Neo-Confucianism; it became a Political slogan in the 1850s and 1860s in The turning point of the Bakumatsu was during the Boshin War and the Battle of Toba-Fushimi when pro-shogunate forces were defeated. The was a Civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the The occurred between pro-Imperial and Tokugawa shogunate forces during the Boshin War in Japan [2]

List of the Tokugawa Shoguns

  1. Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川家康, 1543–1616) (ruled 1603–1605)
  2. Tokugawa Hidetada (徳川秀忠, 1579–1632) (r.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate was the second Shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623 1605–1623)
  3. Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川家光, 1604–1651) (r. Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川 家光 August 12, 1604 — June 8, 1651) sometimes 1623–1651)
  4. Tokugawa Ietsuna (徳川家綱, 1641–1680) (r. was the fourth Shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan who was in office from 1651 to 1680 1651–1680)
  5. Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (徳川綱吉, 1646–1709) (r. 1680–1709)
  6. Tokugawa Ienobu (徳川家宣, 1662–1712) (r. ( June 11, 1662 - November 12, 1712) was the sixth Shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. 1709–1712)
  7. Tokugawa Ietsugu (徳川家継, 1709–1716) (r. Tokugawa Ietsugu; 徳川 家継 ( August 8, 1709 - June 19, 1716) was the seventh Shogun of the Tokugawa Dynasty, who 1713–1716)
  8. Tokugawa Yoshimune (徳川吉宗, 1684–1751) (r. was the eighth Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745 1716–1745)
  9. Tokugawa Ieshige (徳川家重, 1711–1761) (r. Tokugawa Ieshige; 徳川 家重 ( January 28, 1712 &ndash July 13, 1761) was the ninth Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate 1745–1760)
  10. Tokugawa Ieharu (徳川家治, 1737–1786) (r. Tokugawa Ieharu (徳川家治 ( June 20, 1737 &ndash September 17, 1786) was the tenth Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate 1760–1786)
  11. Tokugawa Ienari (徳川家斉, 1773–1841) (r. Tokugawa Ienari; 徳川 家斉 ( November 18, 1773 &ndash March 22, 1841) was the eleventh Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate 1787–1837)
  12. Tokugawa Ieyoshi (徳川家慶, 1793–1853) (r. Tokugawa Ieyoshi (徳川 家慶 June 22, 1793 &ndash July 27, 1853; r 1837–1853)
  13. Tokugawa Iesada (徳川家定, 1824–1858) (r. Tokugawa Iesada (徳川 家定 ( May 6, 1824 — August 14, 1858) was the 13th Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of 1853–1858)
  14. Tokugawa Iemochi (家茂, 1846–1866) (r. ( July 17, 1846 &ndash July 20, 1866) was the 14th Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office 1858 1858–1866)
  15. Tokugawa Yoshinobu (徳川慶喜, 1837–1913) (r. Tokugawa Yoshinobu 1st Prince of the Yoshinobu-ke (徳川 慶喜 Tokugawa Yoshinobu (also known as Keiki) October 28, 1837 &ndash 1867–1868); He was also called Keiki.

Over the course of the Edo period, influential relatives of the shogun included:

See also

References

  1. ^ Shinsengumi, The Shogun's Last Samurai Corps, Romulus, Hillsborough, Tuttle Publishing, 2005
  2. ^ Last Samurai - The Life and Battles of Saigo Takamori, Mark Ravina, John Wiley & Sons, 2004

This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain. The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress ( USA) freely available for use by researchers The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

Further reading

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