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Todd-AO is an extremely high definition widescreen film format developed in the mid 1950s. A widescreen image is a film computer or television image with a wider and shorter aspect ratio than the standard Academy frame developed during the Classical It was co-developed by Mike Todd, a Broadway producer, with American Optical Company in Rochester, New York. Michael Todd ( June 22, 1907 or 1909 or June 19, 1911 &ndash March 22, 1958) was an American theatre and Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located It was memorably characterized by its creator as "Cinerama outa one hole. " Unlike Cinerama, the process required a single camera and one set of lenses. Cinerama is the trademarked name for a Widescreen process which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge deeply-curved A camera is a device used to capture images either as still Photographs or as sequences of moving images ( Movies or Videos. A photographic lens (also known as objective lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with Four kinds of lenses (35 mm to 56 mm, 63 mm, 65 mm, or 70 mm) covered a 128, 64, 48 or 37 degree field of view. Films were shot on 65 mm negative and the images printed onto 70 mm print stock (5mm larger to accommodate sound tracks) for projection. In photography a negative may refer to three different things although they are all related 70 mm film (or 65 mm film) is a wide high-resolution film gauge of superior quality to standard 35 mm motion picture film format. The aspect ratio of this format was 2. The aspect ratio of an Image is its width divided by its height 20:1.

While the 70 mm film width had been used before, most notably in the Fox Grandeur process in 1929-1930, earlier processes are not compatible with Todd-AO due to differences in frame dimensions, perforations and type of soundtrack. 70 mm Grandeur film was a Widescreen film format developed by the Fox Film Corporation and used commercially on a small scale in 1929-1931 Todd-AO actually combined the idea of 65 mm photography with frames 5 sprocket holes tall (also a process with a history extending back to the silent era) with 70 mm wide prints and the magnetic sound that first appeared with CinemaScope, although improved with 6 channels and much better fidelity. Film perforations, also known as perfs, are the holes placed in the Film stock during manufacturing and used for transporting (via Sprockets and claws and CinemaScope was a Widescreen movie format used from 1953 to 1967 The 70 mm print adds 2. 5 mm extra down each edge to accommodate some of the soundtracks. Thus the print actually carried 65 mm perforations and the 65 mm negative was contact printed directly to the 70 mm print stock, as the sprocket holes aligned.

As the production and exhibition markets became saturated with Todd-AO System hardware, the focus of the company began to narrow down to the audio post-production side of the business, and Todd-AO became an independent sound mixing facility for commercial motion picture films and television.

Contents

Overview

65 mm photography and 70 mm printing became a standard adopted by others. Super Panavision 70 (essentially Panavision Company's version of Todd-AO) and Ultra Panavision 70 (the same mechanically but with a slight 1. Super Panavision 70 was the marketing brand name used to identify movies photographed with Panavision 70 mm spherical optics between 1959 and 1983 Ultra Panavision 70, also known as MGM Camera 65, was the marketing brand used to identify 65/70 mm movies photographed with Panavision Anamorphic optics 25:1 anamorphic squeeze to accommodate extremely wide aspect ratio images) are both 65/70 processes. Anamorphic format is a term that can be used either for the Cinematography technique of capturing a Widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film, or other Other processes creating 70 mm prints also follow the Todd-AO print layout. The Soviets also copied Todd-AO with their own fully compatible process identical in all regards except that their camera stock was 70 mm not 65 mm. But as with the prints this was still 70 mm with 65 mm perforations and wide areas down each edge.

The original version of the Todd-AO process used a frame rate of 30 per second, slightly faster than the 24 frames per second that was (and is) the standard. The difference does not seem great, but the sensitivity of the human eye to flickering declines steeply with frame rate and the small adjustment gave the film noticeably less flicker, and made it steadier and smoother than standard processes. Only the first two Todd-AO films, Oklahoma! and Around the World in Eighty Days, employed 30 frame/s photography. The 1943 musical play Oklahoma!, written by Composer Richard Rodgers and Lyricist / Librettist Oscar Hammerstein II Because of the need for a conventional 24 frame/s version the former was shot simultaneously in 35 mm CinemaScope. The latter was shot in a simultaneous 2nd Todd-AO version at 24 frame/s. All subsequent Todd-AO films have been 24 frame/s. About 16 feature films were shot in Todd-AO.

The Todd-AO Company (which has since evolved into a sound mixing and audio post-production firm owned by Ascent Media) also offered a 35 mm anamorphic process technically similar to 35 mm Panavision or CinemaScope. Ascent Media Group LLC provides creative and technical media services including Post-production work for the media and entertainment industries This may cause some confusion if a Todd-AO credit (not necessarily the more specific Todd-AO 35 credit) appears in some widescreen films made in the 1970s and 1980s. It becomes even more confusing as 70 mm prints were made for films which, unlike earlier pictures made in the process, were shown in multiplexes, like Dune and Logan's Run. This article is about the 1984 film See Frank Herbert's Dune for the 2000 television adaptation Logan's Run is a 1976 Science fiction film based on the novel of the same name by William F

During the late 1970s through the early 1990s 65 mm photography such as that used in processes like Todd-AO or Super Panavision became rare. However, some major films had 70 mm prints made by blowup from 35 mm negatives mostly for the benefit of 6-track sound. These prints would typically play only in a few theatres in a few large cities while everyone else viewed the film in 35 mm. The advent of digital sound in the 1990s obviated the need for these very expensive prints. "Blow-up" 70 mm prints also followed the Todd-AO layout, although in the case of films made with a 1. 85 : 1 aspect ratio, it was retained in the 70 mm version, with the sides of the 70 mm frame left black.

Curved screen vs. flat

While Todd-AO was intended to be "Cinerama out of one hole" the extreme wide angle photography and projection onto a very deeply curved screen (which is what that would imply) saw little use. Most Todd-AO theatre installations had only moderately curved screens and the extreme wide angle camera lenses were used only on a few shots here and there. Todd-AO films made after 1958 used a conventional flat widescreen, and resembled ordinary films except for the much greater clarity and grand 6-track stereo sound. A variation on Todd-AO called Dimension 150 did, however, make use of Cinerama-like deeply curved screens. Only two films were made in Dimension 150 - The Bible: In the Beginning (John Huston's only Biblical epic), and Patton, starring George C. Scott. The Bible In the Beginning is a 1966 Biblical epic film recounting the first 22 chapters of the Book of Genesis. John Marcellus Huston ( August 5 1906 &ndash August 28 1987) was an American Film director and Actor. Patton (UK Patton Lust for Glory) is a 1970 biography drama War film, which tells the story of General George S George Campbell Scott (October 18 1927 - September 22 1999 was an American stage and film Actor, director, and producer. In some venues, however, Todd-AO and Dimension 150 films received their first run in Cinerama theatres in order that they be shown on a deeply curved screen -- examples include the Atlanta premieres of The Sound of Music [1] and Patton. Cinerama is the trademarked name for a Widescreen process which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge deeply-curved [2] This, of course, enabled the pictorial image to look as spectacular as possible.

Todd-AO and roadshows

Todd-AO films were closely associated with what was called road show exhibition. At the time, before the multiplex theatre became common, most films opened at a large single screen theatre in the downtown area of each large city before eventually moving on to neighborhood theatres. With the road show concept, a film would play, often in 70 mm at a movie palace downtown theatre exclusively, sometimes for a year or more. Movie palace is an American English Synonym for Movie theater, but nowadays usually used within the USA for the grand cinemas of the 1910s to early Often a "hard ticket" policy was in effect, with tickets sold for specific numbered seats, and limited showings per day. Most Todd-AO films through the late 1960s, including Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines and The Sound of Music, were initially shown on a road show basis. Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines Or How I Flew from London to Paris in 25 Hours 11 Minutes is a British comedy film directed by Ken Annakin Rodgers and Hammerstein 's The Sound of Music is a Musical film directed by Robert Wise and starring Julie Andrews in the lead role

The roadshow era ended in the early 1970s.

Todd-AO attempts 35 mm Widescreen

In the 1970s, under the leadership of Dr. Richard Vetter, Todd-AO made an attempt to compete with Panavision in the 35 mm motion picture camera rental market. They built a series of anamorphic lenses in the 2. 35:1 scope format. They owned a handful of camera bodies, Mitchell and Arriflex that they would rent out with the lens package. By the 1980s the venture was not growing and was abandoned. Eventually all of the Todd-AO cameas and lenses, both 35 mm and 65mm (70mm), were sold to Cinema Products in Los Angeles. Cinema Products is now out of business.

Films produced in 70 mm Todd-AO

The following films were produced in the 70 mm Todd-AO format. It does not include films photographed in Todd-AO 35 (see above).

See also

References

  1. ^ Cinema Treasures | Atlanta Theatre
  2. ^ Cinema Treasures | Georgia Twin

External links

The 1943 musical play Oklahoma!, written by Composer Richard Rodgers and Lyricist / Librettist Oscar Hammerstein II This article is about the 1958 film. For the stage musical see South Pacific (musical. Porgy and Bess is a 1959 movie based on George Gershwin 's opera of the same name. Can-Can is a 1960 Musical film made by Suffolk-Cummings productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Alamo was released in 1960 by United Artists, starring John Wayne as Davy Crockett, Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie Cleopatra is a 1963 Film directed by Joseph L Mankiewicz. The screenplay was adapted by Sidney Buchman, Ben Hecht, Rodgers and Hammerstein 's The Sound of Music is a Musical film directed by Robert Wise and starring Julie Andrews in the lead role Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines Or How I Flew from London to Paris in 25 Hours 11 Minutes is a British comedy film directed by Ken Annakin The Agony and the Ecstasy is a 1965 film directed by Carol Reed, starring Charlton Heston as Michelangelo and Rex Harrison The Bible In the Beginning is a 1966 Biblical epic film recounting the first 22 chapters of the Book of Genesis. Doctor Dolittle is a 1967 Musical film, based on the series of books by Hugh Lofting, which tells the story of a doctor Doctor Dolittle, who This article is about the Canadian specialty channel Star!. For the 1968 film starring Julie Andrews see Star! (film. Hello Dolly! is a 1969 American Musical film, based on the Broadway production of the same name. Krakatoa East of Java ( 1969) is a Movie starring Maximilian Schell and Brian Keith. Cinerama is the trademarked name for a Widescreen process which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge deeply-curved Airport is a 1970 film based on the 1968 Arthur Hailey novel of the same name. Patton (UK Patton Lust for Glory) is a 1970 biography drama War film, which tells the story of General George S The Last Valley is a 1971 historical drama film directed by James Clavell. Baraka ( 1992) is a Todd-AO ( 70 mm) non-narrative film directed by Ron Fricke, cinematographer for Koyaanisqatsi 70 mm film (or 65 mm film) is a wide high-resolution film gauge of superior quality to standard 35 mm motion picture film format. Cinerama is the trademarked name for a Widescreen process which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge deeply-curved Glen Glenn Sound was a sound system company specializing in original music and music dubbing. The following American and European movies were filmed using the 65/70 mm format This list of Film formats catalogues formats developed for shooting or viewing Motion pictures, ranging from the Chronophotographe format from 1888 to mid-20th century Super Panavision 70 was the marketing brand name used to identify movies photographed with Panavision 70 mm spherical optics between 1959 and 1983 Super Technirama 70 was the marketing name for films which were photographed in the 35 mm 8-perf Technirama process and optically enlarged to 70 mm 5-perf prints for deluxe exhibition Ultra Panavision 70, also known as MGM Camera 65, was the marketing brand used to identify 65/70 mm movies photographed with Panavision Anamorphic optics
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