Citizendia

Tobacco advertising is the promotion of tobacco use (typically cigarette smoking) by the tobacco industry through a variety of media. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. A cigarette ( French "small Cigar " from cigar + -ette) is a product consumed through Smoking and manufactured Tobacco Smoking is the inhalation of smoke from burned dried or cured leaves of the Tobacco plant most often in the form of a Cigarette. The tobacco industry comprises those persons and companies engaged in the growth preparation for sale shipment advertisement and distribution of Tobacco and tobacco-related "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" The tobacco industry also commonly uses sponsorship, particularly of sporting events. It is one of the most highly-regulated forms of marketing, along with alcohol advertising. Advertising regulation refers to the Laws and rules defining the ways in which products can be advertised in a particular region In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of Alcohol advertising is the promotion of Alcoholic beverages by Alcohol producers through a variety of media. Some or all forms of tobacco advertising are banned in many countries.

Contents

Campaign intentions

Tobacco companies use such advertising to drive brand awareness and brand preference amongst smokers, in order to drive sales and to increase brand and customer loyalty. Brand loyalty, in marketing consists of a consumer's commitment to repurchase the Brand and can be demonstrated by repeated buying of a product or service or other positive The loyalty business model is a Business model used in Strategic management in which company resources are employed so as to increase the loyalty of customers and One of the original forms of this was the inclusion of cigarette cards, a collectible set of ephemera. Cigarette cards are Trade cards issued by Tobacco manufacturers to stiffen cigarette packaging and advertise cigarette brands. Ephemera is transitory written and printed matter not intended to be retained or preserved

Target markets

The intended audience of the tobacco advertising campaigns have changed throughout the years, with some brands specifically targeted towards a particular demographic. Market specialization is a business term meaning the Market segment to which a particular good or service is marketed A demographic or demographic profile is a term used in Marketing and Broadcasting, to describe a demographic grouping or a Market The Joe Camel campaign in the United States was created to advertise Camel brand to young smokers. Joe Camel (officially Old Joe) was the advertising Mascot for Camel cigarettes from late 1987 to July 12, 1997, appearing The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Camel is a brand of Cigarettes that was introduced by American company R Class action plaintiffs and politicians described the Joe Camel images as a "cartoon" intended to advertise the product to people below the legal smoking age. Under pressure from various anti-smoking groups, the Federal Trade Commission, and the U.S. Congress, Camel ended the campaign on 10 July 1997. The Federal Trade Commission ( FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar

Tobacco companies have frequently targeted the female market, seeing it as a potential growth area as the largest market segment has traditionally been male. A market segment is a subgroup of people or organizations sharing one or more characteristics that cause them to have similar product needs The introduction of the 1960s Virginia Slims brand, and in particular the "You’ve Come a Long Way Baby" campaign, was specifically aimed at women. Virginia Slims is a Brand of Cigarette manufactured by Philip Morris. [1]

Budgets

Tobacco companies have had particularly large budgets for their advertising campaigns. The Federal Trade Commission claimed that cigarette manufacturers spent $8. The Federal Trade Commission ( FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act 24 billion on advertising and promotion in 1999, the highest amount ever. The increase, despite restrictions on the advertising in most countries, was an attempt at appealing to a younger audience, including multi-purchase offers and giveaways such as hats and lighters, along with the more traditional store and magazine advertising. [1]

Marketing consultants ACNielsen announced that, during the period September 2001 to August 2002, tobacco companies advertising in the UK spent £25 million, excluding sponsorship and indirect advertising, broken down as follows:

Figures from around that time also estimated that the companies spent £8m a year sponsoring sporting events and teams (excluding Formula One) and a further £70m on Formula One in the UK. Direct marketing is a sub-discipline and type of Marketing. There are two main definitional characteristics which distinguish it from other types of marketing [2]

Advertising around the world

Many governments now require tobacco packaging to carry health warnings
Many governments now require tobacco packaging to carry health warnings

The European Union and World Health Organization (WHO) have both specified that the advertising of tobacco should not be allowed. Tobacco packaging warning messages are Health warning messages that appear on the packaging of Cigarettes and other Tobacco products The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which came into effect on 27 February 2005, requires that all of the 168 countries that agreed to the treaty ban tobacco advertising unless their constitution forbade it. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (abbreviated WHO FCTC) is a Treaty adopted by the 56th World Health Assembly on Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A Treaty is an agreement under International law entered into by actors in international law namely States and International organizations. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity

European Union

The European Union Tobacco Advertising Directive took effect in July 2005. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in This EU Directive bans tobacco advertising in the print media, on radio and over the Internet. A directive is a legislative act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving The directive does not include advertising in cinemas and on billboards or using merchandising – or tobacco sponsorship of cultural and sporting events which are purely local, with participants coming from only one Member State[3] . A number of EU Member States, including Finland, Ireland, Portugal and the UK, already have wide ranging tobacco advertising bans in place. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Germany, Spain, the Czech Republic, and Hungary had as of July 2006 not transposed the Directive into national bills[4] . Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic

Tobacco advertising on television has been banned in the EU since the early 1990s. In 2003, the European Union halted the branding of cigarettes as "light" or "mild", saying that this misleads consumers about the dangers of smoking. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Stark health warnings such as "Smoking Kills" must now cover at least 30 percent of the front of each packet and 40 percent of the back, and an even greater area where messages are printed in more than one national language. [5]

United Kingdom

The first calls to restrict advertising came in 1962 from the Royal College of Physicians, who highlighted the health problems and recommended stricter laws on the sale and advertising of tobacco products. The Royal College of Physicians of London was the first medical institution in England to receive a Royal Charter In 1971, an agreement between the government and the tobacco industry saw the inclusion of health warnings on all cigarette packets. All television commercials for cigarettes were banned on 1 August 1965, although commercials for loose tobacco and cigars continued until 1991. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman

Non-television advertising campaigns were still allowed in the UK but came under stricter guidelines in 1986, which in particular, prevented adverts from actually showing a person smoking. The tobacco producers responded with increasingly indirect and abstract campaigns, among which those of Benson & Hedges and Silk Cut became particularly recognisable. Benson & Hedges is a British brand of Cigarettes owned by the Gallaher Group. Silk Cut is brand of low Tar Cigarette produced by the Gallaher Group. Until about the mid 1990s many corner shops, newsagents and off licences had on their shop signs prominent branding by cigarette brands such as Benson & Hedges, Silk Cut, Regal etc until the practice was outlawed. "Corner shop" redirects here For the British band see Cornershop. A newsagent ( British English) newsagency ( Australian English) or newsstand ( American English) is often a small business that sells REDIRECT Licensing_laws_of_the_United_Kingdom#Off-licence Benson & Hedges is a British brand of Cigarettes owned by the Gallaher Group. Silk Cut is brand of low Tar Cigarette produced by the Gallaher Group. Regal or Embassy Regal as they are also known is a brand of UK cigarette The following link shows an example of this practice at a newsagents in Leeds, England from 1985:[6]

As part of their 1997 election campaign, the Labour Party pledged to ban all advertising of tobacco products. Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the This legislation was passed as the Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 2002[7] , which banned most remaining forms of advertising according to the following timescale:

It was banned in Scotland, by the Scottish parliament in 2001. [8]

DateWhat was banned
14 February 2003General advertising
14 May 2003Promotions
30 July 2003Sponsorship of sporting events within the UK
May 2004Particular advertisements in tobacconists
21 December 2004Large adverts in shops, pubs and clubs
31 July 2005Sponsorship of excepted global events; brandsharing

Several exemptions from this legislation remain:

While cigarette vending machines are still allowed in licensed premises they are now only allowed to display a picture of what is available (one image per brand) and no advertisements can be included on the machine. A vending machine is a machine that provides various snacks beverages and other products to consumers

Famous campaigns include "You're never alone with a Strand", which led to Strand Cigarettes being taken off the market, and "Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet". Strand was a brand of Cigarettes produced by WD & HO Wills (part of Imperial Tobacco) launched in 1959 but withdrawn in the early 1960s Strand was a brand of Cigarettes produced by WD & HO Wills (part of Imperial Tobacco) launched in 1959 but withdrawn in the early 1960s " Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet " is one of the most famous British Advertising campaigns for a Tobacco product

United States

In the United States, in the 1950s and 1960s, cigarette brands were frequently sponsors of television programmes—most notably game shows such as To Tell the Truth and I've Got a Secret. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 To Tell the Truth is an American Television Game show created by Bob Stewart and produced by Goodson - Todman For IGAS qua graphology organization see International Graphoanalysis Society I've Got a Secret is a weekly panel Game show produced One of the most famous television jingles of the era came from an advertisement for Winston cigarettes. Winston Cigarettes are manufactured for or by RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company or its newer incarnation as RJR Nabisco and/or its affiliates The slogan "Winston tastes good like a cigarette should!" proved to be catchy, and is still quoted today. " Winston tastes good like a cigarette should " is an enduring slogan that appeared in Newspaper, Magazine, Radio, and Television Another popular slogan from the 1960s was "Us Tareyton smokers would rather fight than switch!," which was used to advertise Tareyton cigarettes. " Us Tareyton smokers would rather fight than switch! " is an enduring Slogan which appeared in Magazine, Newspaper, and Television Tareyton is a brand of cigarettes originally manufactured by the American Tobacco Company.

In June 1967, the Federal Communications Commission ruled that programs broadcast on a television station that discussed smoking and health were insufficient to offset the effects of paid advertisements that were broadcast for a five to ten minutes each day. "We hold that the fairness doctrine is applicable to such advertisements," the Commission said. The FCC decision, upheld by the courts, essentially required television stations to air anti-smoking advertisements at no cost to the organisations providing such advertisements.

In April 1970, Congress passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act banning the advertising of cigarettes on television and radio starting on January 2, 1971. The Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act is a United States federal law, passed in 1970 designed to limit the practice of smoking. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. [2] The Virginia Slims brand was in the last commercial shown, with "a 60-second revue from flapper to Female Lib", shown at 11:59 p. Virginia Slims is a Brand of Cigarette manufactured by Philip Morris. m. on January 1 during a break on The Tonight Show [10]. The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson was a late-night talk show hosted by Johnny Carson under the ''Tonight Show'' franchise from 1962

Smokeless tobacco ads, on the other hand, remained on the air until a ban took effect on August 28, 1986. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) [11]

After 1971, most tobacco advertising was done in magazines, newspapers and on billboards. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Since the introduction of the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act all packaging and advertisements must display a health warning from the Surgeon General. Overview The Surgeon General is nominated by the US President and confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. In November 2003, tobacco companies and magazine publishers agreed to cease the placement of advertisements in school library editions of four magazines with a large group of young readers (Time, People, Sports Illustrated and Newsweek)[12] . A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and People (full name People Weekly) is a weekly American Magazine of Celebrity and human interest stories, published Sports Illustrated is an American Sports Magazine owned by media conglomerate Time Warner. Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City.

The first known advertisement was for the snuff and tobacco products of P. Lorillard and Company and was placed in the New York daily paper in 1789. Lorillard Tobacco Company is the 18th oldest company in the United States and its oldest tobacco company New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Advertising was an emerging concept, and tobacco-related adverts were not seen as any different from those for other products: their negative impact on health was unknown at the time. Local and regional newspapers were used because of the small-scale production and transportation of these goods. The first real brand name to become known on a bigger scale was "Bull Durham" which emerged in 1868, with the advertising placing the emphasis on how easy it was "to roll your own"[13] .

The development of colour lithography in the late 1870s allowed the companies to create attractive images to better present their products. Lithography is a method for Printing using a plate or stone with a completely smooth surface This led to the printing of pictures onto the cigarette cards, previously only used to stiffen the packaging but now turned into an early marketing concept. Cigarette cards are Trade cards issued by Tobacco manufacturers to stiffen cigarette packaging and advertise cigarette brands. [14]

Billboards are a major venue of cigarette advertising (10% of Michigan billboards advertised alcohol and tobacco, according to the Detroit Free Press[15] ). Alcohol advertising is the promotion of Alcoholic beverages by Alcohol producers through a variety of media. They made the news when, in the tobacco settlement of 1999, all cigarette billboards were replaced with anti-smoking messages. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) In a parody of the Marlboro Man, some billboards depicted cowboys riding on ranches with slogans like "Bob, I miss my lung". The Marlboro Man is (or in many areas was part of a Tobacco advertising campaign for Marlboro cigarettes.

America's first regular television news programme, Camel News Caravan, was sponsored by Camel Cigarettes and featured an ashtray on the desk in front of the newscaster and the Camel logo behind him. Television news in the United States has evolved over many years The Camel News Caravan was a 15 minute prime time American television news program aired by NBC from 1949 to 1956 An ashtray is a receptacle for ash and butts from Cigarettes and Cigars of Tobacco and Cannabis (drug. The show ran from 1949 to 1956. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Canada

In Canada, advertising of tobacco products has been prohibited by the Tobacco Products Control Act as of 1988 and all tobacco products must show attributed warning signs on all packaging. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Tobacco Products Control Act Since the Introduction of the Tobacco Products control Act in 1993 a notable victory has been scored in the battle against tobacco in South Africa where Immediately following the passing of the legislation through parliament, RJR-MacDonald (RJR-MacDonald Inc. v. Canada (Attorney General)) filed suit against the Government of Canada through the Quebec Superior Court. RJR - MacDonald Inc v Canada (Attorney General, 3 SCR 199 is a leading Canadian constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where the Court upheld The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada. It was argued that the act, which originally called for unattributed warnings, was a violation of the right to free speech. In 1991, the Quebec Superior Court ruled in favour of the tobacco companies, deciding that the act violated their right to free speech under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as well as being ultra vires. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (also known as The Charter of Rights and Freedoms or simply the Charter) is a Bill of rights entrenched in the Ultra vires is a Latin phrase that literally means "beyond the powers" The Crown subsequently appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada. The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian

On September 21st, 1995 the Supreme Court of Canada upheld the Tobacco Products Control Act as legal, forcing the tobacco companies operating in Canada to print hazard warnings on all cigarette packs. However, the Court struck down the requirement that the health warnings be unattributed as a result of this stipulation violating the right to free speech, further ruling that it was in the federal governments jurisdiction to pass such laws, as it fell under the peace order and good government clause. Recently, sin taxes have been added to tobacco products with the objective of decreasing usage by making the products less affordable. A Pigovian tax (also spelled Pigouvian tax) is a Tax levied to correct the negative externalities of a market activity Currently, radio ads, television commercials, event sponsoring, promotional giveaways and other types of brand advertising are prohibited as well as in-store product displays.

Until 2003, tobacco manufacturers got around this restriction by sponsoring cultural and sporting events, such as the Benson and Hedges Symphony of Fire (a fireworks display in Toronto and Vancouver), which allowed the manufacturers' names and logos to appear in advertisements sponsoring the events, and at the venues. Benson & Hedges is a British brand of Cigarettes owned by the Gallaher Group. The Symphony of Fire is an annual multi-day fireworks exhibition and friendly international competition held around the world most notably in Vancouver, British Columbia Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal The ban on tobacco sponsorship was a major factor that led to the near-cancellation of the Canadian Grand Prix in Montreal and the du Maurier Ltd Classic, a women's golf tournament on the LPGA tour (now known as the Canadian Women's Open). The Canadian Grand Prix (known in French as the Grand Prix du Canada) is an auto race held in Canada since 1961. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Canadian Women's Open is a professional women's Golf tournament managed by the Royal Canadian Golf Association. The LPGA, in full the Ladies Professional Golf Association, is an American organization for female professional Golfers The organization whose headquarters are Canadian Women's Open is a professional women's Golf tournament managed by the Royal Canadian Golf Association.

Australia

The Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 1992 expressly prohibited almost all forms of Tobacco advertising in Australia, including the sponsorship of sporting or other cultural events by cigarette brands. Domestic sporting and cultural events were allowed to have sponsorships run their course, but were no longer allowed to enter into new or to continue existing sponsorships. By 1998, all domestic sponsorships had expired naturally.

The Federal Minister for Health and Ageing was given the right to grant exemptions to events "of international significance" that "would be likely to result in the event not being held in Australia" should tobacco advertising be forbidden. A clause in the act forbade events applying for an exemption after 1 October 2000, unless they had previously been granted one. By 2006, this had led to only two events being eligible - the Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix and the Australian Formula One Grand Prix. A further clause removed the Ministers right to grant any exemptions for any event held after 1 October 2006. The Australian Formula One Grand Prix 2007 featured therefore no tobacco advertising of any sort. The 2007 ING Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on March 18 2007 at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit.

New Zealand

Tobacco advertising in New Zealand was outlawed with the passage of the Smokefree Amendment Act 1990. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)

Prior to this, in 1963 advertisements for tobacco products were withdrawn from radio and television. A decade later in 1973, cigarette advertising was banned on billboards and in cinemas, and print media advertising was restricted to half a newspaper page.

In 1995 all remaining tobacco advertising and sponsorship was banned except for point-of-sale advertising and some tobacco sponsorship exemptions. Point-of-sale advertising ceased on 11 December 1998.

Upon point-of-sale advertising being finally banned in New Zealand there are other examples of tobacco advertising that will still remain. These include the use of tobacco packets as advertisements, exempted tobacco sponsorships, tobacco advertising and sponsorship in imported magazines and on cable television as well as the usual tobacco imagery in movies and television.

Also health warnings are placed on all tobacco products.

Malaysia

In Malaysia, the displaying of cigarette packets in advertisements has been banned since 1 January 1995. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 However, this has not stopped tobacco companies from advertising their products. They have found ways to continue to build their brands by using brand names for a bistro and cybercafes such as Benson & Hedges Bistro and Sampoerna A International Cyberworld, for stationery, accessories, clothing like Dunhill, Marlboro Classics, Davidoff, Pall Mall, John Player Specials, Winfield and Winston. A bistro, sometimes spelled bistrot, is a small Restaurant serving moderately priced simple meals in a modest setting Benson & Hedges is a British brand of Cigarettes owned by the Gallaher Group. Sampoerna ( PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk) is an Indonesian Tobacco company whose Cigarette brands are smoked by millions of Marlboro is a brand of Cigarette made by Philip Morris USA (a branch of Altria) within the US and by Philip Morris International (now separate Davidoff is a German luxury goods Brand name which is carried by a range of products including Cigars, Cigarettes and pipe tobaccos Pall Mall Cigarettes are a brand of cigarettes produced by R J John Player & Sons, known simply as Player's, was a Tobacco and Cigarette manufacturer based in Nottingham, England. Winfield is a brand of Cigarette that is popular in Australia and New Zealand. Winston Cigarettes are manufactured for or by RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company or its newer incarnation as RJR Nabisco and/or its affiliates Holiday tours like Mild Seven Seafarers Club, Peter Stuyvesant Travel and Tours, Kent Holidays and Salem Holidays and even in the sponsorship of concerts and entertainment events. Mild Seven ( Japanese: マイルドセブン Mairudo Sebun; Traditional Chinese: 萬事發 Jyutping: Maan4 Si6 Faat3 Simplified Chinese Peter Stuyvesant (originally Pieter or Petrus, Peter is never mentioned in historical records (c Kent is a brand of Cigarettes first to introduce smoke filters in 1952. Salem is brand of Cigarettes introduced in 1956 by the RJR as the first filter-tipped menthol cigarette All of these are indirect advertising strategies employed by tobacco companies.

Starting from 1 January 2003, the Malaysian federal government has even banned such indirect advertising of tobacco brands, except in certain establishments licensed to sell tobacco products. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Formula One Grand Prix' and other sporting events are still allowed to use tobacco sponsorship.


Hong Kong

Tobacco advertising in Hong Kong for television was outlawed at the beginning of 1992. However, buses and notably trams never took off their tobacco advertising until a few years later. Kent, Marlboro, Double Happiness, and Camel all featured prominently on them.


South Africa

The Tobacco Products Control Amendment Act was passed in 1999. This act bans all advertising and promotion of tobacco products, including sponsorship and free distribution of tobacco products.


Anti-smoking advertising

Anti-smoking groups, particularly cancer charities, along with many government health departments have attempted to counter the advertising of tobacco by creating their own advertisements to highlight the negative effects of smoking. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled The earliest commercials mainly focused on aiding smoking cessation, the increased risk of lung cancer and the problems associated with passive smoking. Smoking cessation is the effort to stop smoking Tobacco products Lung cancer is a Disease of uncontrolled Cell growth in tissues of the Lung. However, they have become increasingly hard-hitting over the years, with some campaigns now centred around decreased physical attractiveness[16] and the risk of erectile dysfunction[17]. These are more targeted towards younger smokers than previous campaigns. The British government spent £31 million in 2003 as part of their anti-smoking campaign[18].

In 2005 the European Union launched the "For a life without tobacco" campaign in all its constituent countries to help people quit smoking[19]. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

In 2007 and 2008, the New York City Department of Health launched a series of anti-tobacco ad campaigns to promote the city's Quitline and a free nicotine patch and gum program. The City of New York The first TV spots, "Smoking is Eating You Alive" and "Smoking is Eating You and Your Kids Alive," depict the damage smoking can do to the body. The ads were noted for their graphic nature [20] as well as their effectiveness. The second series of ads launched April 16, 2008. [21] In these, a 58-year-old woman and longtime smoker called "Marie" describes the amputations and pain she has undergone since developing Buerger's Disease, a condition that limits blood flow through the arteries and which was tied to her smoking habit. [22]

The Marlboro Man was one of the most successful cigarette advertising campaigns, lasting from the 1960s to the 1990s. The Marlboro Man is (or in many areas was part of a Tobacco advertising campaign for Marlboro cigarettes. The Marlboro brand was promoted by various cowboys, with Wayne McLaren posing for some promotional photographs in 1976. Marlboro is a brand of Cigarette made by Philip Morris USA (a branch of Altria) within the US and by Philip Morris International (now separate A cowboy is an animal Herder who tends Cattle on Ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback and often performs a multitude of Wayne McLaren ( 12 September 1940 &ndash 22 July 1992) was an American Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He died of lung cancer in 1992, having appeared in a television spot showing him in a hospital bed. Lung cancer is a Disease of uncontrolled Cell growth in tissues of the Lung. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) That image was juxtaposed with him during the promotional shoot, with a voiceover warning about the dangers of smoking[23].

Sponsorship in sport

Formula One

Marlboro continues to sponsor Ferrari (photo from 2006 Bahrain Grand Prix)
Marlboro continues to sponsor Ferrari (photo from 2006 Bahrain Grand Prix)

Ever since the first appearance of the Red, Gold and White colors of the Imperial Tobacco's Gold Leaf brand sponsorship livery in 1968, teams, drivers and circuits of Formula One (F1) have become heavily dependent on the financial backing of their sponsors and for many decades the tobacco industry played the major role in sponsoring the sport. Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing The 2006 Bahrain Grand Prix was the first round of the 2006 Formula One World Championship held on March 12, 2006 at the Bahrain International Circuit Imperial Tobacco Group PLC ( is the world's fourth largest international Tobacco company Formula One sponsorship liveries have been used since the late 1960s replacing the previously used national colours. The 1968 Formula One season included the 19th FIA Formula One World Championship season which commenced on January 1, 1968, and ended on In 1976, Germany began the trend in outlawing tobacco sponsorships in motor races, then it was followed by United Kingdom in 1984, starting with major races and the rest in later years and in 1992 in France. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) As anti-smoking legislation began to tighten in many parts of the world F1 became an even more important opportunity for cigarette brand promotion. The negotiating skills of the F1 leadership (especially Bernie Ecclestone) were such that in many jurisdictions F1 achieved some exemptions from the rules. Bernard Charles "Bernie" Ecclestone (born 28 October 1930 near Bungay Suffolk, England) is the president and CEO of However there is now a blanket ban on advertising in Europe, and the cars are not allowed to show any links with the tobacco companies and increasingly, the teams are breaking their dependence on tobacco sponsorship. In 2000, WilliamsF1 became the first major team to run without tobacco sponsorship, and McLaren have now replaced the West brand and no longer have any tobacco sponsors. The 2000 Formula One season was the 51st FIA Formula One World Championship season Not to be confused with Frank Williams Racing Cars, formed by Frank Williams 1967 McLaren, founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren (1937&ndash1970 is a Formula One team based in Woking, Surrey, UK West is a German Tobacco brand owned by the British company Imperial Tobacco. Renault ended the deal with Mild Seven after the 2006 season. "F1 2006" redirects here For the video games based on the 2006 Formula One season see F1 06 & F1 CE. Ferrari on the other hand renewed their arrangements with Philip Morris in 2005 . Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing "F1 2005" redirects here For the video games based on the 2005 Formula One season see F1 05 & F1 Grand Prix.

At the 2007 Bahrain, Monaco and Chinese Grands Prix, Altria Group's Marlboro brand was prominently on display on the Ferrari cars of Felipe Massa and Kimi Räikkönen, on their jumpsuits and also those of the pit crew. Pre-season testing Pre-season testing began in November 2006 at the Circuit de Catalunya, with ten of the eleven teams participating in the test sessions The 2007 Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix is a Formula One motor race and is the third round of the 2007 Formula One season. The 2007 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race and was the fifth round of the 2007 Formula One season. The 2007 Chinese Grand Prix is the sixteenth race of the 2007 Formula One season. Altria Group Inc ( (previously named Philip Morris Companies Inc Marlboro is a brand of Cigarette made by Philip Morris USA (a branch of Altria) within the US and by Philip Morris International (now separate Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing Felipe Massa (born in São Paulo April 25, 1981) is a Brazilian Formula One racing driver currently employed by the Ferrari Kimi-Matias Räikkönen (ˈkimi ˈmɑtiɑs ˈræikkønen born October 17, 1979 in Espoo) is a Finnish Formula One race car driver currently Jumpsuit originally referred to the utilitarian one-piece garments used by parachuters and skydivers, but has come to be used as a common term for any one-piece Ferrari was the only team that was still promoting a cigarette brand in the 2007 Formula One season. Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing Pre-season testing Pre-season testing began in November 2006 at the Circuit de Catalunya, with ten of the eleven teams participating in the test sessions Since the start of the 2008 season, Ferrari has no longer carried Marlboro logos at any races, even those at which tobacco advertising is allowed. Pre-season testing The first multi-team test session started in Jerez on January 14 2008. It is therefore unlikely that any F1 car will ever directly advertise tobacco again.

NASCAR

The NASCAR Championship, now associated with Sprint, was sponsored by R.J. Reynolds until 2003 when Reynolds announced they were unable to continue the sponsorship. Sprint Nextel Corporation ( is a Telecommunications company based in Overland Park, Kansas. Reynolds American Inc ( is an American company whose holdings include R

NASCAR's top series found sponsorship from R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) in the early 1970s following the U. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. Reynolds American Inc ( is an American company whose holdings include R This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. S. ban on television advertising of cigarettes. The "Winston Cup" became the top competitive series, and later, some other regional series under NASCAR were also sponsored by the tobacco company (for example, the "Winston West" series). In the mid-1970s, some races began to get partial television coverage, frequently on the ABC sports variety show, Wide World of Sports. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. ABC's Wide World of Sports was a long-running Sports Anthology show on American Television that ran as a series from 1961 to 1998 While Winston was not able to do commercial advertisements, their name was all over television during races. Over the many years of their relationship with NASCAR, Winston sponsored several races and prize programs including the Winston 500, The Winston all-star race, the Winston Western 500 and the 1985–1997 Winston Million, which awarded a million dollars to a driver who could win a "small slam" of the sport's four Grand Slam events in the same year. The Aaron's 499 is a NASCAR Sprint Cup stock car race held at Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, Alabama. The NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race, formerly known as The Winston until 2004 then the NEXTEL All-Star Challenge from 2004 until 2007 is a race open to race winners The Winston Western 500 was an annual NASCAR Winston Cup race held at Riverside International Raceway in Riverside California, USA The Winston Million was a cash prize award program on the NASCAR Winston Cup series based on the Grand Slam concept From 1998 to 2002, the Winston No Bull 5, a more complex award system, was used. The Winston Million was a cash prize award program on the NASCAR Winston Cup series based on the Grand Slam concept Each year, there were five races (initially the four majors and Indianapolis) selected to be a part of this promotion. Each driver who finished in the top 5 in the previous No Bull 5 race was eligible to win in the next race selected, along with a fan. If one of the eligible drivers won that race, they were awarded with a million dollar bonus.

In addition, many other race teams had some tobacco-related advertising, including an RJR-sponsored car driven by Jimmy Spencer. Jimmy Spencer (born February 15, 1957 in Berwick Pennsylvania) is an American NASCAR driver and commentator

On February 5, 2003, R. J. Reynolds informed NASCAR that their five-year extension to sponsor NASCAR's premier division signed in July 2002 could be dissolved because of economic concerns at the company, in what turned out to be one of two major sponsorship losses at the sanctioning body. Earlier in the year, ConocoPhillips, which made the 76 brand of fuel, announced it would withdraw from NASCAR at the end of the 2003 season. ConocoPhillips Company ( is an international energy corporation with its headquarters located in Houston Texas.

That allowed NASCAR to free itself of Reynolds if they wanted, and on June 19, 2003, NASCAR announced at the NASDAQ MarketSite a new ten-year deal with Nextel Communications starting in the 2004 season, as the familiar red was replaced with Nextel yellow (Nextel's new colours were announced after the deal had been signed), and starting in September 2005, NASCAR began replacing Nextel logos with Sprint logos started appearing in reference to the new sponsor. NASDAQ MarketSite (or simply MarketSite) is the physical presence of the NASDAQ Stock market. Sprint Nextel Corporation ( is a Telecommunications company based in Overland Park, Kansas.

One major change NASCAR was able to market with Nextel was the series advertising banners. Whereas in the past, Winston signs could only state "Winston", "Winston Cup Series", or later "NASCAR Winston Cup Series", with some early era Victory Lane banners stating "The Taste of Victory", Nextel was able to use advertising to market itself better, which included "Speed Meets Speed", "The Car Phone Reborn", and "Finish Faster" positioned next to the Nextel Cup logo. When the advertising was rebranded with the Sprint banner, the Turn 11 bridge at Watkins Glen International was rebranded, with new Sprint advertising featuring the tagline "Sprint ahead".

Link: http://www.nasdaq.com/reference/market_event_061903.stm

Smaller tobacco companies not covered by the Master Settlement Agreement have attempted sponsorship for portions of the season or circuits. Bailey's, a small tobacco company based in Virginia, featured in 2005 sponsorship of selected races for the Bobby Hamilton Racing team based in Tennessee, and has been the longtime sponsor of the Bailey's 300 at Martinsville Speedway for late model race cars in the region which race at NASCAR-sanctioned tracks. Martinsville Speedway is an International Speedway Corporation -owned NASCAR stock car racing track located in Ridgeway Virginia. Drivers in that race have advanced to NASCAR's three national series, with Denny Hamlin having participated in the race. James Dennis Alan Hamlin Jr (born November 18, 1980 in Chesterfield Virginia) is an American race car driver.

In 2005, GlaxoSmithKline, manufacturer of Goody's Headache Powder, a NASCAR sponsor since 1977, expanded their long-term sponsorship by adding their Nicorette brand of smoking cessation product as a NASCAR official sponsor, and signed with Chip Ganassi Racing and also longtime Goody's Headache Powder (another GSK brand) spokesman and former smoker, Richard Petty would lead their "Commit to Quit" program.

GSK changed its marketing program in 2006, moving to other brands with Ganassi Racing, while Jeff Gordon became GSK's Nicorette leader, with a Nicorette car for two races.

GSK withdrew the Goody's Headache Powders affiliation with NASCAR at the end of the 2006 season because NASCAR wanted a more "national" brand of pain reliever (that status went to Johnson & Johnson). Johnson & Johnson ( is a global American Pharmaceutical, Medical devices and consumer packaged goods Manufacturer founded in 1886 This made Nicorette GSK's exclusive brand with NASCAR, and they expanded their sponsorship with Gordon, fielding a Nicorette car for more races, including one race where the Nicorette colors promoted a different flavour of Nicorette. GSK sponsorship in NASCAR includes the Nicorette Chevrolet of Gordon in selected races, the Nicorette 300 NASCAR Nationwide Series race, and both Sprint Cup races at Martinsville Speedway, known as the Goody's Cool Orange 500 and Tums QuikPak 500.

Snooker

Snooker was badly hit by the British ban on tobacco sponsorship, with several tournaments losing their financial backers. Snooker is a Cue sport that is played on a large Baize -covered table with pockets in each of the four corners and in the middle of each of the long These included:

The World Snooker Championship was given special dispensation from the European Union directive until 2005. The World Snooker Championship, currently held at the Crucible Theatre in the English city of Sheffield, is the climax of Snooker 's annual calendar and Imperial Tobacco Group PLC ( is the world's fourth largest international Tobacco company The Masters (known formally as the Saga Insurance Masters, for sponsorship purposes and for many years the Benson and Hedges Masters) is a professional Benson & Hedges is a British brand of Cigarettes owned by the Gallaher Group. Welsh Open may refer to Welsh Open (darts Welsh Open (snooker Regal or Embassy Regal as they are also known is a brand of UK cigarette The Players Championship was a professional Snooker tournament Regal or Embassy Regal as they are also known is a brand of UK cigarette The Masters went without any sponsorship in 2004, before receiving the backing of Rileys Club the following year. Some players spoke out against the ban, worried that the game would not be able to survive without the financial backing of the tobacco companies[24] [25].

Other sports

Various sports have relied on sponsorship money from tobacco companies, both for the participants and for competitions.

Trends in tobacco promotion

With the restrictions placed on general advertising, tobacco companies have moved to new promotions to establish new customers and maintain existing ones. For example Altira has a strategy of growth by promotions that build brand equity through adult consumer experiences[27] . The intent is to reinforce brand loyalty by building consumer communities.

One example is Marlboro's Outwit the West, a 'by-invitation if you're a smoker' 4-member team-based 'competition' with a series of cryptic brain teasers. The top 20 teams get invited to the Marlboro ranch, a location where it's 'okay to smoke' and food, drinks and activities are paid for by the company. The team with the most correct answers shares a one million dollar prize. Thousands of teams participate.

More generally, Marlboro has been using its mailing database (estimated at 26 million in 2005[28] ) to promote directly with giveaways and general invitations to the Marlboro Ranch (these include a $900 payment to offset fringe benefits tax). Reinforcement is provided by branded products and by peers.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Statement: Surgeon General’s Report on Women and Tobacco Underscores Need for Congress to Grant FDA Authority Over Tobacco (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids)
  2. ^ http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact19.html
  3. ^  European Union - Tobacco advertising ban takes effect 31 July&nbsp
  4. ^ **UPDATED** Implementation of the tobacco advertising ban in Europe - European Public Health Alliance
  5. ^ EU Stops "Light" and "Mild" Cigarette Branding [10/02/03
  6. ^ Leodis - a photographic archive of Leeds - Display
  7. ^ Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 2002 (c. 36)
  8. ^ PubMed: article about tobacco banning
  9. ^ BBC NEWS | Health | Tobacco advert rules introduced
  10. ^ "Cigarette Commercials Ended With $1M Fling," The News (Frederick, Md. Smoking bans are public policies including Criminal laws and Occupational safety and health Regulations which prohibit Tobacco smoking Tobacco packaging warning messages are Health warning messages that appear on the packaging of Cigarettes and other Tobacco products Dr Jeffrey S Wigand (ˈwaɪgænd (born December 17 1942) is a former Vice President of Research and Development at Brown & Williamson The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (abbreviated WHO FCTC) is a Treaty adopted by the 56th World Health Assembly on ), January 2, 1972, p1
  11. ^ "Smokeless tobacco ads banned on TV," Atchison (Kan. ) Daily Globe, August 28, 1986, p1; http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/reports/smokeless97.htm
  12. ^ Tobacco Ads Will Be Removed from School Magazines
  13. ^ [1]
  14. ^ More About Tobacco Advertising and the Tobacco Collections
  15. ^ ACS :: December Mixed Month for Tobacco Opponents
  16. ^ Stop smoking start living - Home
  17. ^ Stop smoking start living - Home
  18. ^ BBC NEWS | Magazine | Has the tobacco ad ban worked?
  19. ^ HELP - For a life without tobacco
  20. ^ New York Post "Ads Turn TV into an 'Eww'Tube" Andrea Peyser March 17, 2008
  21. ^ NYC Department of Health Press Release: "Health Department Launches Nicotine Patch and Gum Giveaway; New TV Ads Feature Marie, a Bronx Smoker who Quit by Calling 311" April 16, 2008
  22. ^ NY1 News "Former Smoker's Story Is Latest Weapon In City's Anti-Smoking Campaign" Kafi Drexel April 15, 2008
  23. ^ http://www.snopes.com/radiotv/tv/marlboro.htm
  24. ^ BBC SPORT | Other Sports | Snooker | Davis and Hendry demand change
  25. ^ BBC SPORT | Other Sports | Snooker | Davis attacks tobacco ban
  26. ^ rediff.com: cricket channel - Ban on tobacco sponsorship may hit sport
  27. ^ Altria - Media - Press Release - 11/05/2004 - 01
  28. ^ Leader Of The Packs

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