| State of Tlaxcala | |||
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| Country |  Mexico |
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| Capital | Tlaxcala | ||
| Municipalities | 60 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Governor | Héctor Ortiz Ortiz (PAN/PT) | ||
| - Federal Deputies | PAN: 2 PRD: 1 |
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| - Federal Senators | Alfonso Sánchez Anaya (PRD) Minerva Hernández (PRD) Rosalía Peredo (PAN) |
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| Area Ranked 31st |
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| - Total | 4,016 km² (1,550. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. This article is about the Mexican city Tlaxcala capital of the state of Tlaxcala Municipalities ( municipios in Spanish) are the second-level administrative division in Mexico (where the first-level administrative division is the The United Mexican States (or Mexico) is a union of 31 thirty one States and one Federal District (the Mexican Federal District, or Distrito Héctor Israel Ortiz Ortiz (b July 28, 1950 in Oaxaca) is a Mexican politician who currently serves as Governor of Tlaxcala. The Labor Party ( Partido del Trabajo, abbreviated as "PT" is a nationally recognized Political party in Mexico. The Chamber of Deputies (in Spanish: Cámara de Diputados) is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, Mexico 's bicameral The National Action Party ( Spanish Partido Acción Nacional) known by the acronym PAN, is a conservative and Christian democratic The Party of the Democratic Revolution (in Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática, PRD is one of the three main political parties in Mexico. The Senate ( Spanish: Cámara de Senadores or Senado) is the upper house of Mexico 's Bicameral Congress. Minerva Hernández Ramos (b September 15, 1969 in Tlaxcala) is a Mexican politician affiliated to the Party of the Democratic Revolution Rosalía Peredo Aguilar is a Mexican politician who currently serves in the upper house of the Mexican Congress. The National Action Party ( Spanish Partido Acción Nacional) known by the acronym PAN, is a conservative and Christian democratic Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. The following table presents a listing of Mexico 's 31 federal states (and its Federal District, officially not a state ranked in order of their surface area Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 6 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2005) | |||
| - Total | 1,068,207 (Ranked 27th) | ||
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | ||
| HDI (2004) | 0. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The following table is a list of the 31 federal states and the Federal District of Mexico, ranked in order of their total population based on data from the 2000 and The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Areas using UTC−6 Single zone countries Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Daylight saving time ( DST The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 7641 - medium Ranked 24th |
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| ISO 3166-2 | MX-TLA | ||
| Postal abbr. The following table presents a listing of Mexico 's 31 federal states (and its Federal District, officially not a state ranked in order of their Human Development ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO | Tlax. | ||
| Website: Official State Site | |||
Tlaxcala (IPA: [tlasˈkala]) is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located to the east of Mexico City. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico
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Geography and features
Tlaxcala is bordered to the west by Mexico State, to the northwest by Hidalgo, and to the north, east, and south by Puebla. Mexico State or State of Mexico (often abbreviated to " Edomex " from Estado de México in Spanish) is a state in the Is a Mexican state located in the center east of the country to the east of Mexico City. The state consists of 60 municipalities.
It covers an area of 1,037 square kilometers (400. 4 sq mi) and is thus the smallest of Mexico's states. According to the 2005 census, Tlaxcala had a population of 1,068,207 (51. 56% female, 48. 44% male).
The state's main exports are textiles, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition.
The current governor is Héctor Ortiz Ortiz, representing a National Action Party and Labor Party alliance. Héctor Israel Ortiz Ortiz (b July 28, 1950 in Oaxaca) is a Mexican politician who currently serves as Governor of Tlaxcala. The National Action Party ( Spanish Partido Acción Nacional) known by the acronym PAN, is a conservative and Christian democratic The Labor Party ( Partido del Trabajo, abbreviated as "PT" is a nationally recognized Political party in Mexico.
Cities
The state capital is the city of Tlaxcala, a small provincial center that reported a population of 15,777 in the 2005 census. This article is about the Mexican city Tlaxcala capital of the state of Tlaxcala Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The surrounding municipality of Tlaxcala reported a population of 83,748. The city was founded in 1520 by Hernán Cortés on the site of a pre-existing Native American settlement. Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca ( 1485&ndash December 2, For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. It is located at 19. 31° N, 98. 24° W.
Also in the state of Tlaxcala are the cities of Apizaco, Calpulapán, Chiautempán, Huamantla, and the pre-Columbian ruins of Cacaxtla and Xochitécatl. Chiautempan (also Santa Ana Chiautempan) is a city and its surrounding municipality of the same name located in the south-central part of the Mexican state Huamantla is a city and its surrounding municipality of the same name located in the eastern part of the Mexican state of Tlaxcala. The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences MexicoTlaxCacaxtla02jpg|right|250px|thumb|View over the top of the Gran Basamento ]] Cacaxtla is an archaeological site located near the southern border of the
History
Tlaxcala was an independent nation in pre-Columbian times, never conquered by the Aztecs. Tlaxcala ( Nahuatl Tlaxcallān "place of maize tortillas" was a pre-Columbian City state of central Mexico. The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political The assistance of the Tlaxcalans was of instrumental importance to Cortés in his conquest of Mexico in the early 16th century. The Tlaxcalteca (also Tlaxcalans, Tlaxcallans) were an indigenous group of Nahua ethnicity that inhabited the Kingdom of Tlaxcala located in
Cortés arrived at Tlaxcala, a confederacy of about 200 towns with a rotating central government, in September of 1519. [1] Their main city was Tlaxcala. After almost a century of fighting the flower wars, a great deal of hate and bitterness had developed between the Tlaxcalans and the Aztecs. A flower war or flowery war (xōchiyāōyōtl is the name given to the battles fought between the Aztec Triple Alliance and some of their enemies most notably The Tlaxcalans knew that eventually the Aztecs would try to conquer them. It was just a matter of time before this tension developed into a real conflict. The Aztecs had already conquered much of the territory around Tlaxcala. [2]
The Tlaxcalans initially greeted the Spanish with hostile action, as a defense of their territory, and the two sides fought a series of battles. The Tlaxcalans inflicted severe losses upon the Spaniards and could have completely defeated them had they wished to. After several battles, a number of the Tlaxcalan leaders realized that they could use the Spanish as a proxy army to expand their military influence in the Valley of Mexico. Valley of Mexico is a highland Plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of the State An alliance was made. On September 18, 1519, Cortés arrived in Tlaxcala and was greeted with joy by the rulers, who already saw the Spanish as a tool to use against the Aztecs, and thus increase the Tlaxcalan fortunes. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Due to a commercial blockade by the Aztecs, Tlaxcala was poor, lacking, among other things, both salt and cotton cloth, so they could only offer Cortés and his men food and women (as was the custom of alliances). Cortes stayed 20 days in Tlaxcala. It was there that he could appreciate for the first time the way of life of the inhabitants of Mesoamerica. Cortés seems to have won the true friendship of the old leaders of Tlaxcala, among them Maxixcatzin and Xicotencatl the Elder, although he could not win the heart of Xicotencatl the Younger. Maxixcatl was the Tlatoani (ruler of the Nahua Altepetl (citystate of Ocotelolco at the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Xicotencatl I or Xicotencatl the Elder (c 11 House (1425 &ndash c Xicotencatl II Axayacatl, also known as Xicotencatl the Younger (died 1521 was a prince and warleader probably with the title of Tlacochcalcatl, of the Pre-Columbian
The Tlaxcalan rulers saw the Spaniards as a military tool to be used for their own political ambitions. For millennia in ancient Mexico, kingdoms had jockeyed for power through war and political alliances. The Tlaxcalans saw this as their opportunity to shift the center of power away from the Aztecs, and to expand their own kingdom. The Spaniards, in turn, saw the Tlaxcalans as a means to pursue their own ambitions for wealth. The Spaniards agreed to respect parts of the city, like the temples (but in the end, the Spaniards would destroy every single temple). The Spanish destruction of many religious statues caused dissent in the common Tlaxcalan population, but the rulers insisted on maintaining a military alliance.
All that time, Cortés offered to talk about the benefits of Christianity. Spanish legends say that he convinced the four leaders of Tlaxcala to become baptized. Maxixcatzin, Xicohtencatl the elder, Citalpopocatzin, and Temiloltecutl received the names of Don Lorenzo, Don Vicente, Don Bartolomé, and Don Gonzalo.
It's difficult to know if they understood the Catholic faith. In any event, they apparently had no problems in subordinating the new god "Dios" (in Spanish), the lord of the heavens, to their already complex pantheon.
An exchange of gifts was made and thus began the alliance between Cortés and Tlaxcala. [3]
Municipalities
Tlaxcala is subdivided into 60 municipalities. (municipios). A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or See municipalities of Tlaxcala. The Mexican state of Tlaxcala is made up of 60 municipalities ( municipios).
Major communities
- Apizaco
- Calpulalpán
- Chiautempan
- Huamantla
- Tlaxcala (Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl)
- Contla
- Zacatelco
Transportation
Tlaxcala is served by the near by Hermanos Serdan International Airport
Notable people
- Bl. Chiautempan (also Santa Ana Chiautempan) is a city and its surrounding municipality of the same name located in the south-central part of the Mexican state Huamantla is a city and its surrounding municipality of the same name located in the eastern part of the Mexican state of Tlaxcala. This article is about the Mexican city Tlaxcala capital of the state of Tlaxcala Contla consists of two nearby villages in Tlaxcala, Mexico. One village is also called San Bernardino Contla or simply San Bernardino, and Hermanos Serdán International Airport is an international Airport located near Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Antonio, one of the Child Martyrs (Niños Martires) of Tlaxcala
Notes
- ^ Schwartz, Victors and Vanquished
- ^ Cortés Burns His Boats. Public Broadcasting Service. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the Retrieved on 2008-01-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
- ^ Hugh Tomas, The conquest of Mexico, 1994
External links
- (Spanish) Official State Site
- (English) Tlaxcala on visitmexico.com tourist information
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